Search

Introduction. Sleep-disordered breathing (RBD), from habitual snoring to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), can influence brain functioning by affecting executive functions such as attention and inhibitory control. Objective. To analyze the association between snoring and executive functions, specifically attention, impulsivity/inhibitory control in Argentine adolescents. Population and methods. In 2018, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 831 adolescents attending public and private schools in La Pampa. Sleep duration, snoring, and the risk of OSAS were assessed using the pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ) and executive functions (attention and inhibitory control) using the Go/No-Go test. The association between SRT and executive functions was performed using a robust regression model adjusted for body mass index, hours of sleep, and physical activity. Results. About 10% of the participants were habitual snorers, and about 7% were at risk of OSA (positive PSQ), with no significant differences between sexes. Errors of commission (No-Go errors) (β= 2.06; -3.20, -0.92) and errors of omission (Go errors) (β= -0.66; -1.31, -0.01) were significantly higher in snorers vs.non-snorers. In addition, individuals at risk for OSAS showed significantly more commission errors (NoGo errors) than those without OSAS risk (β= -1.98; -3.31, -0.66). Conclusions. The associations between snoring and inattention and impulsivity, and between the risk of sleep apnea and lower inhibitory control found in the present study suggest alterations in executive functions due to sleep disorders., (Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría.)

Introduction: The increased prevalence of sleepdisordered breathing (SDB) and its association with obesity and hypertension (HTN) have not been thoroughly explored in adolescents. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SDB and snoring in this population and analyze its association with obesity and HTN., Population and Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study in a sample of adolescents. Weight, height, waist and neck circumference, and blood pressure were measured, and the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) was administered., Results: A total of 826 adolescents participated, 58 (7%) had SDB (males: 5.8%; females: 8%), and 80 (9.7%) were considered snorers (males: 10.4%; females: 9.1%). Overweight and obesity were detected in 216 (26.2%) and 149 (18%) participants, respectively. A higher proportion of subjects with obesity had SDB compared to those who were not obese (12.8% versus 5.8%; p = 0.004). The same association was observed with snoring (18.2% versus 7.8%; p < 0.001). Also, 24.6% slept less than 8 hours a day and 12.6% had values compatible with HTN, with a significant association with obesity and sleep hours., Conclusion: A high prevalence of SDB and snoring was observed in adolescents, together with an association with obesity and HTN, which highlights the relevance of addressing this problem in an early manner in order to prevent complications., Competing Interests: None, (Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría.)

Objectives: To assess the frequency and factors associated with parametrial involvement (PI) in patients with cervical cancer IB1 who underwent radical hysterectomy (RH) at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases in Peru., Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study of 214 patients with cervical cancer IB1 undergoing RH with pelvic lymphadenectomy between 2007 and 2012. The population was compared with and without clinicopathological variables associated with PI such as age, tumor size, depth of infi histological grade and pelvic lymph node involvement., Results: Ten patients (4.6%) had PI. Multivariate analysis showed that the depth of invasion (OR 8.37, 95% CI 1.24- 56.41, p=0.029) and pelvic node involvement (OR 18.03; 95% CI 3.30-98.44, p=0.001) were all independent predictors of PI. The presence of tumor size = 2 cm, invasion = 10 mm, absence of lymphovascular permeation and absence of nodal involvement identifi 97 patients at low risk of PI, none of whom had PI pathology., Conclusions: We confi the low frequency of PI in the cervical cancer IB1 subgroup and its association with the depth of invasion and lymph node involvement suggested in previous studies. This information will allow the identifi of a subgroup of patients at low risk of PI for less radical surgery in our institution.

Triple negative breast cancer (CMTN, Spanish acronym) is a malignant neoplasm characterized by the absence of expression of estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptors. Recent studies have shown that CMTN is a heterogeneous group including different neoplasm with different prognosis. However, because genetic profiles are not a standard practice in conventional diagnosis of breast cancer, it is hard to properly identify this breast cancer subtype. CMTN is characterized by its high-incidence epidemiological patterns in African-American and Latin people, and lower incidence in Caucasian people, and constitutes a public health issue due to its high morbidity and mortality. Due to the absence of therapeutic targets, chemotherapy has a key role in treatment, and many efforts are being deployed to seek other combinations of chemotherapy and new drugs, while the current guides do not specify treatment for this type of cancer. This document reviews the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, the potential prognosis factors and some therapeutic strategies against CMTN.

In the first stages of cancer treatment, it was believed that it spread by continuity, so the first strategies to treat locally advanced breast cancer were highly aggressive, as well as mutilating. A deeper knowledge of the biology of cancer later resulted in important changes in its treatment, such as the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, administered prior to surgical treatment, as an alternative therapy. Initially described by the University of Milan, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has proven to be a better alternative than surgical treatment alone, adjuvant (or post-surgical) chemotherapy and radiotherapy alone or in combination with the previously mentioned techniques. Among its advantages we find an increase in the rate of breast-conserving surgeries and a reduction in the ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence rate. Furthermore, it facilitates breast cancer control and follow-up. On the other hand, its main disadvantage is that it cannot modify some of the disease's prognostic factors, such as the tumor breast relation, multicentric disease, scattered microcalcifications and the coexistence of medical elements which contraindicate radiation therapy. Currently, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a pillar of the treatment of locally advanced breast cancer and is recommended in order to guarantee a more conservative evolution of the disease.

The urinary iodine excretion (UIE) assay is an effective method to detect reduced iodine intake. UIE was measured in two different samples (morning and evening) from 121 pregnant women, with a turbid-metric method modified by Pino (normal value =150 ugl/1). Furthermore, thyroid function was evaluated in pregnant women with UIE <100 ug/l. From 121 pregnant women, the UIE was normal in 75 with similar morning and evening samples (morning: 305.2 +/- 7.0; evening: 319.2 +/- 8.8; p: NS). The UIE did no showed differences in different trimesters and in morning and evening samples. The UIE was low in 46 women (36.9%), without significant differences between morning and evening (morning: 88.12 +/- 5.07 microg/l; evening: 88.7 +/- 6.2 microg/l; p: NS). Normal or low UIE were not influenced by the age of pregnant women and 45% of pregnant women with UIE < 100 ug/l showed impaired thyroid function. Morning and evening study of UIE allowed us to detect a higher number of pregnant women with low iodine intake. This study let us to find thyroid function abnormalities likes a screening method, because in our state there is not a public screening program for gestational hypothyroidism.