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Abstract Objective: Identify the associations between perineal outcome in primiparas and interventions during labor and delivery, newborn weight and APGAR score. Method: Document-based, correlational, retrospective, quantitative study conducted in a tertiary maternity hospital in the state of Ceará, between July 2017 and January 2018. The independent variables were labor induction, amniotomy, non-pharmaceutical methods for relieving pain, forceps, episiotomy, Kristeller maneuver, position in the expulsion stage, shoulder dystocia, and newborn weight and APGAR score, and the dependent variable was perineal outcome. Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used. Results: A total of 226 normal-risk primiparas who had a vaginal delivery. An association was found between horizontal position in the expulsion stage and episiotomy, and between not performing an episiotomy and perineal tearing. The other variables (labor, delivery and neonatal) did not have any effect on perineal tearing. Conclusion: Interventions, with the exception of episiotomies, did not have an influence on the occurrence of perineal trauma, but they do need to be carefully assessed. Deliveries in a horizontal position were associated with a higher likelihood of performing an episiotomy.

Estudo de tipo transversal, cujo objetivo foi analisar a distribuição das lacerações vulvo-perineais e os fatores relacionados à sua localização nas regiões anterior e posterior do períneo no parto normal. A amostra foi constituída por 317 primíparas que tiveram parto normal sem episiotomia e apresentaram laceração perineal. Os dados foram coletados em dois centros de parto normal, nas cidades de São Paulo e Itapecerica da Serra, Estado de São Paulo, no período de 2001 a 2012, e integram o banco de dados de cinco subprojetos vinculados ao projeto Trauma perineal no parto normal: prevenção, morbi­dade e cuidados. Houve predomínio de lacerações na região posterior do períneo. Não houve diferença estatística significante em relação ao local da laceração perineal e a posição materna no parto, variedade de posição no desprendimento cefálico, circular de cordão umbilical e peso do recém-nascido, porém houve diferença significante em relação ao tipo de puxo. ABSTRACT Cross-sectional study, aiming at analyzing the distribution of vulvo-perineal lacerations and factors related to its location in anterior and posterior region of perineum in spontaneous birth. Sample was comprised of 317 women who had vaginal delivery without episiotomy and with perineal laceration. Data were collected in two centers of normal birth, in the cities of São Paulo and Itapecerica da Serra, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from 2001 to 2012. It integrates the database of five subprojects under the Perineal trauma in normal birth: prevention, morbidity and care project. There was predominance of lacerations in the posterior perineum region. There was no statistically significant difference in relation to the location of the perineal laceration and the maternal position during delivery, variety of fetal head position in the detachment, umbilical cord circular, and weight of the new-born, but there was significant difference concerning the kind of pushing. RESUMEN Estudio transversal, cuyo objetivo fue analizar la distribución vulvo-perineal de las laceraciones y los factores rela­cionados con su localización en el parto normal. La muestra consistió de 317 mujeres primíparas que tuvieron parto normal sin episiotomía y presentaron laceración perineal. Los datos fueron recolectados en dos centros de parto normal, en las ciudades de São Paulo e Itapecerica da Serra, Estado de São Paulo – Brasil, de 2001 a 2012, y forman parte de la base de datos de cinco sub-proyectos relacionados al proyecto Trauma perineal en el parto normal: prevención, morbilidad y cuidados. Hubo predominio de laceraciones en la región posterior del perineo. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en relación a la localización de la laceración perineal y la posición materna durante el parto, variedad de posición en la cabeza fetal en el desprendimiento, circular de cordón umbilical y peso del recién nacido, pero hubo diferencia significativa en relación al tipo de pujo.

Digital vaginal palpation performed during clinical practice can help diagnose urinary, intestinal and sexual disorders, while perineometry is more useful for performing perineal exercises with biofeedback. This study verifies whether there is a correlation between values of Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength (PFMS) obtained through perineometry performed with an electronic perineometer and through digital vaginal palpation using the Oxford scale. This is a prospective cohort study with 330 measurements carried out in 110 women. Data were collected from 2007 to 2008 in the health service system in Itapecerica da Serra, São Paulo, Brazil. Evaluations were carried out at three points in time: up to 12 weeks of pregnancy; between 36-40 weeks; and between 42-60 days postpartum. The Spearman coefficient indicated a strong positive correlation between the two evaluation methods for the three evaluations (pEn la práctica clínica, la palpación vaginal digital auxilia en el diagnóstico de disfunciones urinarias, intestinales y sexuales, en cuanto la perineometría es más utilizada para realizar ejercicios perineales con biofeedback. El objetivo fue verificar se existe correlación entre los valores de la Fuerza Muscular Perineal (FMP) evaluada por la perineometría utilizando el perineómetro electrónico, y por medio de la palpación digital vaginal, utilizando la escala de Oxford. El estudio deriva de una cohorte prospectiva, con 330 mensuraciones en 110 mujeres. La recolección de datos ocurrió en 2007 y 2008, en servicios de salud de Itapecerica de la Serra, en Sao Paulo. La evaluación fue realizada en tres momentos: hasta 12 semanas de gestación; entre 36 y 40 semanas; y, entre 42 y 60 días posparto. El coeficiente de Spearman indicó una fuerte correlación positiva entre los dos métodos de evaluación, en los tres momentos (pNa prática clínica, a palpação vaginal digital auxilia no diagnóstico de disfunções urinárias, intestinais e sexuais, enquanto a perineometria é mais utilizada para realizar exercícios perineais com biofeedback. O objetivo foi verificar se existe correlação entre os valores da força muscular perineal (FMP), avaliada pela perineometria, utilizando o perineômetro eletrônico, e por meio da palpação digital vaginal, utilizando a escala de Oxford. O estudo deriva de coorte prospectiva, com 330 mensurações, em 110 mulheres. A coleta de dados ocorreu em 2007 e 2008, em serviços de saúde de Itapecerica da Serra, São Paulo. A avaliação foi realizada em três momentos: até 12 semanas de gestação, entre 36-40 semanas, entre 42-60 dias pós-parto. O coeficiente de Spearman indicou forte correlação positiva entre os dois métodos de avaliação, nos três momentos (p

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de una intervención educativa tendiente a modificar la política de realización de episiotomía medio lateral y su efecto sobre el riesgo de desgarro perineal durante la atención del parto vaginal espontáneo en un hospital universitario. Metodología: estudio de cohorte con controles no concurrentes. Lugar: Instituto Materno Infantil, Hospital Universitario de referencia para la atención materno-perinatal. Se incluyeron 3.674 partos vaginales en presentación cefálica entre 20 y 43 semanas de gestación y se excluyeron los partos instrumentados. Desenlaces: frecuencia de episiotomía y de desgarros perineales durante los años 1999-2000 y después de la intervención educativa, durante los años 2002-2003. Resultados: la política selectiva disminuyó significativamente la tasa global de episiotomía del 47,3% (IC95% 41,8-45,7) al 12,2 % (IC95% 10,2-14,6) e incrementó el Riesgo Relativo (RR) de desgarro a 1,5 (IC95% 1,34-1,67) comparado con el basal. El análisis estratificado mostró un leve aumento del riesgo de desgarro para las nulíparas, de 3,83 (IC95% 2,91-5,03) a 3,90 (IC95% 2,38-6,44) y una disminución significativa de éste, de 4,06 (IC95% 3,68-6,15) a 0,58 (IC95% 0,34-0,98) para las multíparas. La política selectiva disminuyó significativamente un 16,4% (IC95% 12,7-20,0) la necesidad de sutura perineal posparto. Conclusión: la aplicación de la política selectiva de episiotomía fue exitosa: disminuyó la frecuencia de episiotomía sin modificar significativamente el riesgo de desgarro perineal de nulíparas, disminuyó el riesgo de desgarros perineales en las multíparas durante el parto vaginal espontáneo y disminuyó la cantidad de suturas perineales posparto.Objective: evaluating the effects of changing routine episiotomy performed in a teaching hospital setting to a selective medium lateral episiotomy policy and its effect on the risk of perineal tearing during spontaneous vaginal delivery. Methods: cohort study with non-concurrent controls. Setting: Instituto Materno Infantil, a high risk, perinatal reference hospital. Intervention: employing an evidence based selective episiotomy policy. Inclusion criteria: women between 20-43 week gestation attending for spontaneous vaginal cephalic presentation delivery. Exclusion criteria: forceps delivery. Outcomes measured: frequency of episiotomy and perineal tears during 1999-2000 and 2002-2003 following evidence based educational intervention in April 2001. Results: the selective episiotomy policy significantly decreased the overall rate of episiotomy from 47.3% (41.8-45.7, 95%CI) to 12.2% (10.2-14.6, 95%CI), significantly increased the rate of perineal laceration from 25.1% (23.4-26.9, 95%CI) to 37.6% (34.5-40.9, 95%CI), especially in nulliparas and did not significantly modify overall relative risk (RR) of perineal tearing (3.58 (2.96-4.33, 95%CI) to 2.14 (1.44-3.18, 95%CI)). Nullipara perineal tear RR had a non-significant increase from 3.83 (2.91-5.03, 95%CI) to 3.90 (2.38-6.44, 95% CI) whilst it significantly decreased for multiparas (4.06 (3.68-6.15, 95%CI) to 0.58 (0.34-0.98, 95%CI)). Selective episiotomy policy decreased the need for post partum perineal suture by 16.4% (p