7 results on '"in vitro fermentation"'
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2. NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp. vaginatum AND A. globosum subsp. grandicaule AND THEIR EFFECT ON IN VITRO RUMINAL FERMENTATION KINETICS
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Maria Mitsi Nalleli Becerril-Gil, Agustín Olmedo-Juárez, Angel Rolando Endara-Agramont, and Julieta Gertrudis Estrada-Flores
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chemical composition ,condensed tannins ,in vitro fermentation ,arceuthobium ,dwarf mistletoe. ,Agriculture ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Background: Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp. vaginatum (BM; black mistletoe) and Arceuthobium globosum subsp. grandicaule (YM; yellow mistletoe), are two parasitic plant species abundant in the forests of northern and central Mexico and Central America, affect 43% of the P. hartwegii tree population in the Nevado de Toluca Flora and Fauna Protection Area (NTFFPA), including mistletoe as a complementary feed in sheep can reduce the environmental impact generated by these pests to the forest and also reduce the purchase of feed for livestock. Objective: To evaluate the chemical composition, phenolic content and in vitro fermentation kinetics of two mistletoe species (M) Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp. vaginatum (BM; black mistletoe) and A. globosum subsp. grandicaule (YM; yellow mistletoe), in four age categories (AC) of Pinus hartwegii (AC: small sapling, large sapling, juvenile and adult) collected in the Nevado de Toluca Flora and Fauna Protection Area (NTFFPA). Methodology: The chemical composition (dry matter DM; neutral detergent fiber NDF; acid detergent fiber ADF and crude protein CP), phenolic content (total phenols TP; total tannins TT and condensed tannins, CT), in vitro fermentation kinetics parameters and in vitro digestibility were analysed. The experimental design used was completely randomized design with 2x4 factorial arrangement. Results: DM content was different between M (P< 0.05), the highest was found in BM. The NDF and ADF content was different between M, ranging from 364.45-467.43 g/kg DM. No differences (P>0.05) were observed in CP which averaged 62.08 g/kg DM. The TP, TT and CT content was different between M (P
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- 2023
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3. In vitro evaluation of novel crude extracts produced by actinobacteria for modulation of ruminal fermentation
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Bruna Gomes Alves, Cristian Marlon de Magalhães Rodrigues Martins, Ana Paula Ferranti Peti, Luiz Alberto Beraldo de Moraes, and Marcos Veiga dos Santos
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actinobacteria ,extracts ,in vitro fermentation ,monensin ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
ABSTRACT We evaluated the inclusion of two crude extracts produced by Streptomyces genus on in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility (IVDMD; IVOMD), cumulative gas production, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and methane (CH4) and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three blocks and four treatments: AMC (1.2 mg/25 mL ruminal inoculum), Caat (1.2 mg/25 mL ruminal inoculum), negative control (no inclusion of extracts), and positive control (sodium monensin, 1.7 mg/25 mL ruminal inoculum). Ruminal fluid samples were collected from three multiparous Holstein dairy cows fitted with ruminal cannula and incubated in a 24-h fermentation assay. There was no effect of crude extract inclusion in comparison with negative control on cumulative gas production in 24 h. However, cumulative gas production was lower when Caat extract was included in comparison with AMC inclusion. The Caat inclusion increased propionic acid concentration and reduced the concentration of butyric acid and acetate:propionate (A:P) ratio in relation to negative control. The CH4 concentration was lower with Caat inclusion in relation to AMC, and the ratio of CH4 concentration to digestible dry matter was lower in the negative control compared with all additives. Caat inclusion decreased the NH3-N concentration, and IVDMD was not altered compared with negative control. Additionally, the inclusion of Caat crude extract increased propionic acid concentration and reduced butyric acid concentration and A:P ratio, without reducing the IVDMD and IVOMD. Caat extract modulates rumen fermentation, increasing available energy and decreasing gas production without causing changes in dry matter and organic matter digestibility.
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- 2019
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4. In-vitro screening of Kalahari browse species for rumen methane mitigation
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Jacobus Johannes Francois Theart, Abubeker Hassen, Willem Adriaan van Niekerk, and Belete Shenkute Gemeda
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in vitro fermentation ,browse foliage ,digestibility ,tannin ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
The nutritional value of browse foliage from the Thorny Kalahari Dune Bush veld of South Africa is not characterized. Most of this browse species is rich in tannin, but still palatable, and is consumed by ruminants during the dry season, as well as having a role to play in mitigating enteric methane emission from ruminants. In this study, the rumen methane mitigation potential of 19 browse species foliage collected from the Thorny Kalahari Dune Bush veld, was analyzed in terms of chemical composition, in vitro fermentation, digestibility and methane production. In vitro gas and methane production and organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were determined by using rumen fluid collected, strained and anaerobically prepared. A semi-automated system was used to measure gas production (GP) from each browse species by incubating 400 mg samples in a shaking incubator at 39 °C with or without inclusion of 400 mg of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Data for all the parameters collected were statistically analyzed using the SAS (9.0) general linear model (GLM) procedure, and differences between foliage species were determined using Duncan’s multiple-range test. Acacia luederitziiand Monechma incanumshowed the best potential for decreasing methane production by up to 90 % after 48 h of incubation. The secondary components (mainly tannins) of the browse species appeared to have a significant effect on volatile fatty acids (VFA), methane and gas production as judged by the comparison of samples incubated with or without PEG inclusion. The substantial amount of crude protein (CP) content coupled with their anti-methanogenic effect during fermentation would make these browses a potential mitigation option for small scale farmers and pastoralists in sub-Sahara Africa. However, it is also very important that systematic and strategic supplementation in a mixed diet should be looked at as the way forward in terms of best utilization.
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- 2015
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5. Use of disaccharides and activated carbon to preserve cellulolytic ruminal bacterial consortiums lyophilized
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Texta Nogueda, Javier, Sánchez-Santillán Ph.D, Paulino, Hernández Sánchez Ph.D, David, Torres-Salado Ph.D, Nicolás, Crosby Galvan Ph.D, María, Rojas-García Ph.D, Rafael, Herrera-Pérez Ph. D, Jerónimo, and Maldonado-Peralta Ph.D, María
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lactose ,DeCS) [preservadores (Fuente] ,liofilización ,In vitro fermentation ,Fermentación in vitro ,lactosa ,DeCS) [preservatives (Source] ,maltosa ,lyophilization maltose - Abstract
RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar la fermentación in vitro de consorcios bacterianos ruminales celulolíticos (CBC) conservados por liofilización usando carbón activado, maltosa y lactosa como preservadores. Materiales y métodos. Un CBC se aisló de fluido ruminal de una búfala de agua en medios selectivos celulolíticos. Los CBC se liofilizaron con carbón activado (CA), lactosa (LA) o maltosa (MA) como preservadores y sin preservador (SP). El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar para medir biogás a diferentes intervalos de tiempo; así como, un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 4x3, los factores fueron preservadores (SP, CA, LA y MA) y tiempo de fermentación (24, 48 y 72 h) para pH, nitrógeno amoniacal (N-NH3), degradación de materia seca (DMS) y de fibra detergente neutro (DFDN), actividad enzimática celulasas y la población de bacterias totales. Resultados. LA produjo mayor biogás acumulado a las 72 h y parcial a partir de las 12 h (p≤0.05). SP no mostró diferencias (p>0.05) en celulasas, conteo de bacterias total, DMS y DFDN en los tiempos de fermentación evaluados con el resto de los preservadores. Conclusiones. La producción de biogás parcial y acumulada, el aumento en la tasa de degradación de 8.3 y 91.1 % en la DMS y DFDN de las 24 a 72 h (p≤0.05) con el preservador LA, muestran que la lactosa puede usarse como preservador de bacterias celulolíticas ruminales. ABSTRACT Objective. To determine in vitro fermentation of cellulolytic ruminal bacterial consortia (CBC) preserved by lyophilization using activated carbon, maltose and lactose as preservatives. Materials and methods. A CBC was isolated from the ruminal fluid of a female water buffalo in selective cellulolytic media. The CBC were lyophilized without preservative (SP), activated carbon (CA), lactose (LA) o maltose (MA) as preservatives. The experimental design was completely random to measure biogas at different time intervals; as well as completely random with 4x3 factorial arrangement, factors were preservative [SP, CA, LA and MA] and fermentation time (24, 48 and 72 h) for pH, ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), dry matter degradation (DMD), neutral detergent fiber degradation (NDFD), enzymatic activity cellulases and total bacteria population. Results. LA produced higher accumulated biogas at 72 h and partial biogas after 12 h (p≤0.05). SP did not show differences (p>0.05) in cellulases, total bacteria population, DMD and NDFD in the fermentation times evaluated with the rest of the preservative. Conclusions. The production of partial and accumulated biogas, the increase in the degradation rate of 8.3 and 91.1% in the DMD and NDFD from 24 to 72 h (p≤0.05) in the LA preservative, show that lactose can be used as a preservative of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria.
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- 2020
6. Estudio del efecto del aceite esencial de orégano de monte (Lippia origanoides) del Alto Patía sobre la metanogénesis y la actividad fibrolítica del ecosistema ruminal
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Rodríguez Quiroz, Tatiana Alejandra, Ospina, Sonia Amparo (Thesis advisor), and Mayorga Mogollón, Olga Lucia
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Metanogénesis ,Aceite esencial de orégano ,Gas production ,Greenhouse gases ,In vitro fermentation ,Gases efecto invernadero ,57 Ciencias de la vida ,Biología / Life sciences ,biology ,Pirosecuenciación ,Pyrosequencing ,Fermentación in vitro ,Methanogenesis ,Producción de gas ,Oreganum Essential oil - Abstract
Este estudio evaluó por primera vez el aceite esencial de orégano (AEO) nativo colombiano Lippia origanoides Kunth (componente principal timol 70%) como modulador de la estructura de la comunidad de los metanógenos ruminales, la actividad fibrolítica y consecuentemente sobre la metanogenesis ruminal. En primera instancia se evaluó el efecto de la dosis del AEO sobre la producción de metano y DIVMS en fermentaciones in vitro utilizando como sustrato Penisetum cladestinum con cinco niveles de inclusiòn a 10, 25, 50, 75 y 100 ppm. La cinética de producción de gas total y CH4 fue seguida a 0, 2, 4, 8,12, 24 y 48 horas. Estas cinéticas se parametrizaron a través del modelo de Gompertz, obteniendo la máxima producción de gas y de metano y las tasas máximas de producción de éstos. Se seleccionó el nivel de inclusión 25 mg/kg de MS de AEO de para el estudio experimental in vivo, para el cual fueron empleadas cuatro novillas Holstein en un diseño cross-over simple con tres periodos de 21 días, alimentadas con una dieta basal de Pennisetum clandestinum. La cuantificación de las emisiones de CH4 fue realizada a través de la técnica del politunel; los animales fueron alojados en dos carpas para el muestreo de gases cada hora de metano hasta la hora 24, replicado este proceso por tres días. El fluido ruminal se colectó al final de cada periodo para la evaluación de parámetros fermentativos y análisis de las comunidades metanógenas, para el cual fueron usados cebadores específicos para del gen mcrA y secuenciadas por pirosecuenciación GS FLX. Las fermentaciones in vitro mostraron un efecto altamente significativo (P.0001) por el nivel de inclusión del AEO. El nivel de 100 ppm presentó una respuesta negativa en los parámetros fermentativos evaluados. La reducción de la tasa máxima de producción CH4 se observó en los niveles de 25, 50, 100 ppm, reduciendo en 40, 43 y 26 %, respectivamente. En el ensayo in vivo, la inclusión de AEO en la dieta no generó efecto sobre los parámetros fermentativos como amonio (P=0,8308), la relación acético;propiónico (P=0,1231), la actividad xilanolítica (P=0,1343) y celulolítica (P=0,6255) y la emisión de CH4 entérico (P=0.7576). En cuanto al análisis molecular, un total de 83.441 secuencias fueron procesadas, analizadas y asignadas taxonómicamente usando las herramientas Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) y el software QIIME, representadas en 416,3 OTUs sin AEO y 473,0 con AEO, en donde la diversidad estimada por Chao1 fue de 852,7 sin AEO y 984,8 con AEO y la evaluación de la diversidad de especies mediante el índice de Shannon-Wiener (H') fue de 6,59 con AEO y 6,89 sin AEO, sin diferencias significativas en los indicies entre tratamientos y en donde la asignación taxonómica represento mayor frecuencia para el grupo de Archaeas o phylum Euryarchaeota sin asignar con valores de un 90,92%, seguido de la familia Methanobacteriaceae 8,03% y una familia de los Thermoplasmatales 1,59%. Como resultado se concluye que la inclusión de AEO a 25 ppm no causó un efecto significativo en el ensayo in vivo, en relación con la respuesta de los parámetros de la fermentación evaluados, así como en las poblaciones de arqueas sin afectar la metanogénesis en el rumen. Abstract. This study is the first evaluation about the Colombian native oregano essential oil (OEO) Lippia origanoides Kunth (main component thymol 70%) as a rumen modulator of structure of methanogen community, fibrolytic activity and consequently rumen methanogenesis. The first step was performanced by in vitro gas production technique (IVGPT) using as substrate Kikuyo (Penisetum clandestinum) to evaluate inclusion of five levels (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm) of EOE on extent of gas production and methane and DM disappearance. The kinetics total gas production and CH4 was sampled at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 hours. These kinetics were parameterized by Gompertz model to determinate the rate and extent of gas production and methane production. The doses of AEO 25 mg/kg DM was selected for the in vivo experimental study, using four Holteins non-lacting cows under a cross over experimental design during three periods of 21 days and fed with a Pennisetum clasdestinum basal diet. The CH4 emissions were quantifying through the “politunel” technique and where animals were housed for sampling methane each hour up to 24th hour, replicated for three days. The rumen fluid was collected at the end of each period for the assessment and analysis of fermentation parameters and rumen methanogen communities. The rumen methanogen community was analyzed using specific primers from the mcrA gene and sequenced by pyrosequencing GS FLX. In the in vitro assay, the inclusion level showed highly significant differences (P.0001) between the control and the other inclusion levels. The doses of 100 ppm showed a negative effect on the fermentation parameters evaluated. The rate of methane production was affected by levels 25, 50, 100 ppm, reducing by 40, 43 y 26 %, respectively. In the in vivo assay, the AEO inclusion on basal diet no effect generated on the rumen fermentation parameters such as ammonium (P=0.8308), the ratio acetic acid:propionic acid (P=0.1231), the xylanolytic activity (P=0.1343) and cellulolytic (P=0.6255) and emission enteric CH4 (P=0.7576). From sequencing analysis were processed a total of 83,441 sequences, followed the cleaning and mapping procedures by using the Ribosomal Database taxonomically Project (RDP) and QIIME software tools, what represented 416.3 without AEO and 473.0 OTUs with AEO. The diversity index estimated by Chao1 was 852.7 without AEO and 984.8 with AEO. The species diversity by Shannon-Wiener index (H') was 6.59 with and 6.89 without AEO, which there was significant differences between treatments. The most represent taxonomic assignments were for the phylum Euryarchaeota unassigned values of 90.92%. In terms family assignment was 8.03% Methanobacteriaceae family, followed by 1.59% Thermoplasmatales family. In conclusion, the inclusion of AEO at 25 mg/kg DM did not caused significant effect on rumen methanogenesis under this experimental condition related to the response of the fermentation parameters, enzymatic activity and structure and diversity of methanogens. Maestría
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- 2014
7. Características fermentativas in vitro de raciones forrajeras típicas de sistemas agroforestales
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Eliel González-García, Albanell, E., Caja, G., ProdInra, Migration, Elevage des ruminants en régions chaudes (UMR ERRC), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Estación Experimental de Pastos y Forrajes Indio Hatuey, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)
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[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,In vitro fermentation ,trópico ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,arbóreas ,trees ,[INFO] Computer Science [cs] ,fermentación in vitro ,tropics - Abstract
International audience; The study was carried out by means of the in vitro gas production technique described byTheodorou et al. (1994). For that the forages Pennisetum purpureum cv. CT-115, PP; Panicummaximum cv. Likoni, PM; Leucaena leucocephala, LL; Gliricidia sepium, GS; Morus alba cv.Tigreada, MA and Trichantera gigantea, TG were used. The mixtures of these were inproportions 60:40 (grass: supplement). Eoch combination = experimental treatment (8): 1)PM-LL; 2) PM-GS; 3) PM-TG; 4) PM-MA; 5) PP-LL; 6) PP-GS; 7) PP-TG; 8) PP-MA. Thesuppliers of the inoculum were two Holstein Friesian cows, with ruminal cannulae, adapted toa 50:50 ration. The in vitro gas production was determined 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72and 96 h post-inoculation. The grasses showed a higher gas production potential than the treesor shrubs, although with exception of LL the first stage of fermentation (until 12 hours)showed similar trends. Fermentative potential: PP>PM and non leguminous species (MA andGS) > leguminous trees (LL and GS). When they were combined in a 60:40 relationship(grasses: forage trees), the differences observed during the incubations of the forages alonedecreased considerably, possibly due to complementary effects. In the rations with PM, thecombination with GS was higher, followed by MA, TG and LL. In the treatments with PP, thesupplementation with all the species showed gas production values similar to and lower thanthe grass alone.
- Published
- 2010
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