Search

Objective: To evaluate a group of agrobotanical variables in hybrid Saccharum spp. cultivars for sugar and forage production. Materials and Methods: An experiment in a randomized block design with three replications was established at the Holguin Sugarcane Research Institute. Six cultivars and a control (My5514) were used. Thirteen agrobotanical variables and phytosanitary performance under natural conditions were evaluated. Variance analysis and multiple comparison of means test (Tukey) were performed when there were significant differences between cultivars. Results: All cultivars maintained the same performance pattern for the variables pol percentage and fiber content. Cultivars B7274 and C86-12 significantly outperformed the control in the agricultural and sugar yield variables with values higher than 123 and 22,5; respectively. The best results in stem length and diameter were obtained in C86-156, SP70-1284 and C86-12, with no significant differences with the control. In the variable stem fresh weight, most of the cultivars significantly outperformed the control. Cultivar B7274 (19,5 %) achieved the best values for fresh weight of the top, although in general all cultivars had similar results to the control. Conclusions: The cultivars showed performance similar to the control in most of the agrobotanical studied variables. B80250 and C323-68 stood out.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the digestibility of cashew bagasse bran as well as the performance of swine fed diets with different levels of inclusion of this by-product and their economic viability. In the digestibility trial, ten crossbred barrows weighing 60±6.86 kg were housed in metabolic cages. Five received standard feed and five received test feed with 300 g kg−1 cashew bagasse bran included. For the performance and economic viability study, forty crossbred pigs weighing 60±5.24 kg were allotted in a randomized block design with five treatments (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 g kg−1 inclusion of cashew bagasse bran) and four replications. Daily feed intake, daily gain, feed conversion, partial gross income with and without allowance index, and partial net income with and without allowance index were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression analysis. The treatment with 75 g kg−1 cashew bagasse bran provided the best results. Cashew bagasse bran can be included in the diet of finishing pigs up to the level of 300 g kg−1 without adversely affecting animal performance.

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do nível de substituição da proteína do farelo de soja pela proteína do farelo de coco em rações contendo farelo da castanha de caju sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 325 pintos de corte machos, com 1 dia de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 5 tratamentos e 5 repetições de 13 aves. Foram testados os níveis de 0, 5, 10, 15 e 20% de substituição da proteína do farelo de soja pela proteína do farelo de coco em rações contendo 20% de farelo de castanha de caju. A substituição da proteína do farelo de soja pela do farelo de coco em níveis superiores a 5% promoveu redução linear no consumo de ração, no ganho de peso e na conversão alimentar apenas na fase inicial. Também foi verificado efeito quadrático sobre o rendimento de peito, que aumentou até o nível de 11,50% de substituição. Em todas as fases de criação, a substituição em níveis de até 20% não prejudicou significativamente o desempenho das aves nem alterou as características de carcaça em relação ao grupo controle. Segundo o estudo econômico realizado, a substituição da proteína do farelo de soja pela do farelo de coco foi economicamente viável até o nível de 20%. Portanto, em rações para frangos de corte contendo 20% de farelo de castanha de caju, a proteína do farelo de soja pode ser substituída pela do farelo de coco em níveis de até 20%.The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of substitution level of soybean meal protein by coconut meal protein in rations with cashew nut meal on the performance of broilers. It was used 325 male broiler chicks at one day of age, distributed into complete random designs with five treatments and five repetitions of 13 birds. It was tested the levels of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% of substitution of soybean meal protein by coconut meal protein in rations containg 20% of cashew nut meal. The substitution of soybean meal protein by coconut meal protein at levels higher than 5% reduced linearly feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion only at the initial phase. It was also verified a quadratic effect on breast yield, which increased up to the level of 11.5%. In all rearing phases, substitutions up to the level of 20% did not significantly harm performance of birds neither altered carcass traits in relation to the control group. According to the economic study performed, substitution of soybean meal protein by coconut meal protein was economically viable up to the level of 20%. Thus, in rations for broilers with 20% of cashew nut meal, soybean meal protein can be substituted by coconut meal protein at levels up to 20%.

Os efeitos de diferentes níveis de fibra bruta na digestibilidade aparente e velocidade de trânsito gastrintestinal de tilápias do Nilo alimentadas com dietas purificadas fornecidas foram avaliados. Utilizaram-se cinco aquários circulares (250 L) para alimentação, dotados de sistema fechado de filtragem, reabastecimento e aquecimento da água, e cinco aquários de digestibilidade (100 L), dotados de sistema individual de filtragem, reabastecimento e aquecimento. Utilizaram-se 32 peixes por aquário, com peso inicial médio de 30,65 ± 0,50 g. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado caracterizado por cinco níveis de fibra bruta (2,5; 5,0; 7,5; 10,0 e 12,5%) e 5 repetições. Concluiu-se que níveis crescentes de fibra bruta, em dietas purificadas, interferem significativamente na digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, proteína bruta e do extrato etéreo. Níveis de até 5,00% de fibra bruta não diminuiu a digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca e da proteína bruta e 7,50% de fibra bruta não diminuiu a digestibilidade aparente do extrato etéreo da dieta purificada pela tilápia do Nilo. Entretanto, o aumento do teor de fibra bruta da dieta diminui significativamente o tempo de trânsito gastrintestinal.The objective of this study was to evaluate, in purified diets, the effects of different levels of crude fiber on the apparent digestibility and gastrointestinal transit rate in Nile Tilapia. Five circular fishbowls (250 L) with a closed system of water filtering, replenishment and heat for feeding and five digestibility fishbowls with individual filtering replenishment and heat system were used. Thirty-two fishes, averaging initial weight of 30.65 ± 0.50 were used. A completely randomized design with five levels of crude fiber (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 12.5%) and five replicates was used. It was concluded that increasing levels of crude fiber in purified diets significantly affect the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and ether extract. Levels up to 5.0% crude fiber did not reduce the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein and levels up to 7.5% crude fiber did not reduce the apparent digestibility of ether extract of purified diet in Nile tilapia. However, the increase of dietary crude protein significantly reduce the gastrointestinal transit rate.

Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de fibra bruta e de óleo de soja em rações para a tilápia do Nilo. Utilizaram-se 24 aquários circulares de 250 L, dotados de sistema individual de reabastecimento de água e aquecimento. A densidade de estocagem foi de sete peixes/aquário, totalizando 168 peixes, com peso inicial médio de 6,41±0,05 g. Ganho de peso, conversão alimentar aparente, taxa de crescimento específico e taxa de eficiência protéica foram avaliados. Foram analisados a composição química e o rendimento de carcaça, gordura visceral e índice hepatossomático dos peixes. O experimento foi realizado segundo um esquema fatorial 3 x 2 (três níveis de fibra bruta 6,00; 9,00 e 12,00%, com e sem óleo de soja) no delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com quatro repetições. Verificou-se que a fibra interfere de forma significativa na digestibilidade aparente da dieta, com ação positiva para a proteína e negativa para a matéria seca, não interferindo na digestibilidade do extrato etéreo; que a fibra bruta não tem efeito significativo sobre o rendimento de carcaça e no depósito de gordura visceral, mas a inclusão de óleo à ração tem efeito significativo no depósito de gordura visceral; que a fibra resulta em efeito significativo na composição química da carcaça (teor de água e proteína), não tendo efeito sobre sua composição em gordura; e que a inclusão de gordura à ração diminui e eleva de forma significativa, respectivamente, o conteúdo de proteína e extrato etéreo da carcaça. Concluiu-se que, na fase de alevinagem (6,40 a 31,00g), pode-se utilizar na dieta da tilápia do Nilo até 9,00% de fibra bruta, e que a suplementação de níveis excessivos de lipídeos na dieta piora a composição da carcaça e resulta em maior depósito de gordura visceral.The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of different crude fiber and soybean oil levels in diets for Tilapia Nile. Twenty-four circular fishbowls of 250 liters, with an individual system of water replenishment and heating, were used. The stocking rate was of seven fishes/fishbowl, totalizing 168 fishes, with average initial weight of 6.41±0.05 g. Weight gain, apparent feed:gain ratio, specific growing rate and protein efficiency rate were evaluated. The chemical composition and carcass yield, eviscerated carcass and hepatossomatic index were also studied. A completely randomized design was used, in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme, being three crude fiber levels (6.00, 9.00%, and 12.00%), and two soybean oil levels (0.0 and 10.0%), with four replicates. It was verified that it is possible to use, in the diet, levels up to 12.00% of crude fiber and its excess tends to decrease the weight gain and the protein efficiency rate, besides worsening the feed:gain ratio; the fiber significantly affect the dietary apparent digestibility, with positive and negative effect on the protein and dry matter digestibility, respectively, and without effect on the ether extract digestibility; the crude fiber did not significantly affect the carcass yield and the eviscerated fat deposition. However, the oil addition to the diet showed significant effect on the eviscerated fat deposition; the fiber resulted in significant effect on the carcass chemical composition of the carcass (water and protein contents), without effect on the fat composition; and the fat addition to the diet significantly decreased and increased, respectively, the carcass protein and ether extract contents. It was concluded that, in the growing phase (from 6.40 to 31.00 g), the dietary crude fiber levels up to 9.00% can be fed for Nile tilapia and the supplementation of high dietary lipid levels decrease the carcass composition and result in higher eviscerated fat deposition.

O experimento, conduzido na microrregião dos Cariris Velhos, do Estado da Paraíba, teve como objetivo observar a influência da precipitação e idade da planta ao primeiro corte, na produção de matéria seca e composição química do capim-buffel. Esta precipitação foi simulada pela aplicação de água pelo sistema de irrigação por aspersão tipo canhão. O delineamento experimental usado foi em blocos ao acaso, com seis repetições, e os tratamentos constaram da combinação de cinco lâminas totais de água e seis idades ao primeiro corte. A aplicação de água aumentou o rendimento de matéria seca em todas as idades ao primeiro corte, e o máximo rendimento estimado (5.191 kg ha-1) ocorreu com a aplicação de uma lâmina de água de 334 mm e corte aos 80 dias após a germinação. A quantidade de água aplicada não influenciou o teor de proteína bruta; entretanto, este decresceu linearmente com a idade da planta. O teor de fibra bruta aumentou com a quantidade de água aplicada. A idade da planta ao primeiro corte não exerceu influência na porcentagem de fibra bruta.The experiment was conducted at the micro region of Cariris Velhos, Paraíba State, Brazil, and its objective was to observe the influence of precipitation and age of the plant at the first cut on the production of dry matter and chemical composition of the buffel grass. This precipitation was simulated by water application through a gun sprinkler system irrigation. The experimental design used was a randomized block with six replications, and the treatments consisted of combining five water depths and six ages at the first cut. The water application increased the dry matter production in all plant ages at the first cut; the estimated maximum yield of 5,191 kg ha-1 occurred with a water depth of 334 mm, and the cut was done 80 days after germination. The amount of applied water did not influence the crude protein content; however, it decreased linearly with the age of the plant. The crude fiber content increased with the amount of water applied. The age of the plant at the first cut did not influence the percentage of crude fiber.

Experimentos foram realizados a fim de determinar a digestibilidade (Experimento 1) e o efeito da inclusão de farinha de folhas de mandioca (FFM) com e sem a adição de complexos multienzimáticos (CME) em dietas de frangos de corte machos (Experimento 2), de linhagem Hubbard. Os CME utilizados foram compostos de Energex (beta-glucanase, pectinase, hemicelulase) e Bio-Feed Alpha (beta-glucanase, amilase). No Experimento 1, utilizaram-se aves com 21 dias de idade, com o nível de inclusão 0-41,67% de FFM, para medir o coeficiente de digestibilidade da energia bruta e fibra bruta (CDEB/CDFB) e determinar os valores de energia metabolizável aparente e corrigida (EMA/EMAn). No Experimento 2, utilizaram-se aves de 1-21 dias de idade, com níveis de inclusão de 0-10,34% de FFM, para avaliar o consumo médio de ração (CMR), o ganho de peso médio (GPM) e a conversão alimentar média (CAM). No Experimento 1, houve diferença para os valores do CDEB, CDFB, EMA e EMAn, ocorrendo diminuição na digestibilidade, à medida que se elevaram os níveis de inclusão de FFM na dieta basal. Com a adição dos CME, evidenciou-se melhora nas características analisadas. A determinação dos valores de EMA e EMAn foram de 1697 e 1694 kcal/kg/MS FFM, respectivamente. No Experimento 2, o nível de maior inclusão de FFM foi o que apresentou o pior resultado para as características CMR, GPM e CAM, enquanto o nível 5,17% de FFM não prejudicou o desempenho dos animais. A adição do CME não melhorou o valor nutritivo da FFM.Experiments were carried out to determine the digestibility (Experiment 1) and the effect of the inclusion of cassava leaf meal (CLM) with and without the addition of multi-enzyme complexes (MEC) in male broiler diets (Experiment 2) of the Hubbard strain. The MECs used were made up of Energex (beta-glucanase, pectinase, hemicellulose) and Bio-Feed Alpha (beta-glucanase, amylase). In Experiment 1, birds with 21 days of age were used, with the level of inclusion of 0 - 41.67% of CLM to determine the digestibility coefficient of the gross energy and crude fiber (DCGE/DCCF) and to determine the values of apparent and corrected metabolizable energy (AME/nAME). In Experiment 2, birds from 1 to 21 days of age, fed diets with levels of inclusion of 0 - 10.34% of CLM were used to evaluate the average feed intake (DAI), average weight gain (AWG) and average feed: gain (AF: G). In Experiment 1, there was difference for the values of DCGE, DCCF, AME and nAME, occurring a decrease on the digestibility as the CLM inclusion levels increased on the basal diet. With the addition of the MECs, an improvement in the analyzed traits was evidenced. The determination of the values of AME and nAME were of 1.697 and 1.694 kcal/Kg/DM CLM, respectively. In Experiment 2, the level of highest inclusion of CLM was the one which presented the poorest result for the traits RAI, AWG and AFC while the level of 5.17% of CLM did not impair the animals performance. The addition of the MEC did not improve the nutritive value of CLM.

One of the potentially important marine resources in Mexico is the crustacean known as the red crab, Pleuroncodes plunipes, Stimpson. During a bibliographic review of the chemical composition of crustaceans, it was found that some authors report chitin as crude fiber, a structural component of plants formed principally by cellulose. It differs from chitin in that it is a homopolysarccharide and the main component of the exoskeleton of crustaceans. The objective of this work was to determine similarities and differences between the official method of estimating crude fiber and the method selected here for analyzing chitin in red crab meal. The analytical methods were: that described by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists for crude fiber, and that of Black and Schwartz for chitin. Twelve repetitions in five lots of red crab meal were conducted to determine crude fiber and chitin. The results show statistical differences between chitin and crude fiber. The conclusions indicate that despite similarities in the analytical methods and the chemical structures of crude fiber and chitin, and that they both form the structural part of the organisms and are considered as the indigestible portion, specific techniques should be used to quantify them. Using the crude fiber method instead of the chi- tin method overestimates the chitin. Since no official technique exists for determining chitin, it is recommended to use Black and Schwartz’ method since it can be adapted in a conventional food analysis laboratory.