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Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Immediate attention and diagnosis play a crucial role in patient prognosis. Nowadays, computed tomography (CT) is the most utilized diagnostic imaging for early analysis and lesion stroke detection. Nonetheless, acute lesions are not visible on CT, and it is only possible to use this modality in screening analysis, discarding other neurological affectations. Expert radiologists can observe stroke lesions in advanced stages (subacute and chronic), as hypodense regions, but with limited sensibility and remarked subject variability. Computational strategies have been addressed to support lesion segmentation, following deep autoencoders and multimodal inputs. However, these strategies remain limited due to the high variability in the appearance and geometry of stroke lesions. This work introduces a novel deep representation that uses multimodal inputs from CT studies and parametric maps, computed from perfusion (CTP), to retrieve stroke lesions. The architecture follows an autoencoder deep representation, that forces attention on the geometry of stroke through additive cross-attention modules. Besides, a cascade train is herein proposed to generate synthetic perfusion maps that complement multimodal inputs and help with stroke lesion refinement at each stage of processing. The proposed approach brings saliency maps that support observational expert analysis, about lesion localization, but also lead with automatic shape estimation of the stroke. The proposed approach was validated on the ISLES 2018 public dataset with a total of 92 studies that include the annotation of an expert radiologist. The proposed approach achieves a Dice score of 0.66 and a precision of 0.67, outperforming classical autoencoder approximations.

Given the widespread popularity of videogames, research attempted to assess their effects on cognitive and affective abilities, especially in children and adolescents. Despite numerous correlational studies, robust evidence on the causal relationship between videogames and cognition remains scarce, hindered by the absence of a comprehensive assessment tool for gaming skills across various genres. In a sample of 347 adolescents, this study aimed to develop and validate the Gaming Skill Questionnaire (GSQ) and assess the impact of gaming skills in six different genres (sport, first-person shooters, role-playing games, action-adventure, strategy, and puzzle games) on cognitive and affective abilities of adolescents. The GSQ exhibited strong reliability and validity, highlighting its potential as a valuable tool. Gaming skills positively affected executive function, memory, overall cognition, cognitive flexibility, and emotion recognition, except for empathy. Various game genres had different effects on cognitive and affective abilities, with verbal fluency influenced mainly by sports, executive functions by action, strategy, and puzzle, and emotion recognition positively impacted by action and puzzle but negatively by sports and strategy games. Both age and gaming skills influenced cognitive flexibility, with gaming having a greater effect. These intriguing genre-specific effects on cognitive and affective functioning postulate further research with GSQ’s contribution.

The article utilises the analysis of the Netflix show Clickbait to explore cultural shifts in the standard logic of veridiction, which seem to break with the Greimasian model of veridictory modalities to welcome diverse procedures –such as faire semblant and authentication– governing the communication and perception of truth. Rather than a problem affecting only discourses, I aim to argue that the production of subjective identities, both in the physical world and mediated contexts, is also impacted by this change in our relationship with signs. By presenting a dialogue between theories concerned with traditional and emerging mechanisms related to veridiction, the article offers a reflection on the production and deployment of identity, and the blurring of lines between reality, unreality, and fiction, which produces simulacral dynamics shifting the goal of interactions from a sanction- to an attention-oriented model.

(1) Background: Society’s shift to a tech-focused era and has created a hyper-connected, sedentary lifestyle. The purpose of this study is to address two objectives: firstly, to describe and analyze the effects of an active breaks program associated with the learning of curricular content (CF-AB) on levels of attention, concentration, and academic performance (AP); secondly, to examine the relationship between intense physical activity (PA), attention, concentration, academic self-concept, basic psychological needs, and academic performance in schoolchildren who practice CF-ABs. (2) Method: A randomized controlled trial quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test study with a non-probabilistic sample included 313 secondary school students divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention, a curricular-focused academic break (CF-AB) (8 weeks, 5–10 min/session), is taken in the middle of the class and linked with the subject content. Measuring instruments: Attention Test D2, ad hoc test for the AP, self-concept AF5, Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale in General (BNSG-S), and the Global PA Questionnaire (GPAC.V2). (3) Results: Attention and concentration improved in both groups, with no significant differences. There were no significant differences in academic self-concept, but the intervention group showed higher scores in basic psychological needs. AP correlated positively with concentration, academic self-concept, and physical activity. A proportion of 20% of the variance of AP in spelling is explained by the regression model. Students who improved the most in AP practiced intense PA outside school, with good self-concept and satisfactory social relationships. Although concentration was related to AP, it did not explain the improvement. (4) Conclusion: CF-ABs may have a positive impact on attention and AP, with socioemotional factors and PA playing an important role in this effect. (5) Limitations and Future Research: The relationship between PA performed in class and AP should be considered with caution due to the multifactorial nature of AP. Future research should consider the number of sessions per week, the prolongation of the same during the school year, the intensity and duration of the activity, and the intervention type of active breaks. In addition, attention should be paid to possible incident factors in AP related to personal and social variables.

Le corps est une interface identitaire de sa relation au monde et par son incorporation des mœurs, une manière de vivre selon son éthos. Cette interface est augmentée dans toutes ses dimensions par les environnements numériques qui comme le corps sont sources et réceptacles de nos actions dans une vision énactive du monde. L’éducation physique avec un environnement numérique open source postule l’idée d’une connaissance de soi éthique par l’action. La transparence de la démarche open source doit permettre une vigilance sur les développements de l’outil numérique au service de l’apprentissage. Face à une population vulnérable, car en phase de construction et de recherche identitaire, l’enseignant concepteur se doit de faire vivre un cadre éthique.

This study analyzes the prevalence of drug use in adolescents with criminal behavior and their willingness to receive treatment. It involved 337 Colombian adolescents with antisocial behavior (M=16.89, S.D.=1.35), who were part of the Colombian SRPA (System of Criminal Responsibility for Adolescents). Through a descriptive quantitative approach, an ad hoc survey, which inquired about the types of drugs they consumed, their uses, the age at which they began consumption, their willingness to receive treatment and to stop consuming them, was applied to the participants. The results showed a high incidence of consumption among adolescents and that the majority of them showed willingness to receive intervention. The need to base interventions with scientific evidence and implement programs so that adolescents receive treatment for drug use is evident. Preventive actions should include lowering the age at which adolescents start using psychoactive substances, as well as intervention strategies for those who are willing to stop consuming. In addition, the results also suggest developing alternatives that complement the judicial processes to improve interdisciplinary work in favor of dignifying and guaranteeing the rights of adolescents.

Background: The objective of this study was to test a treatment program in Serious Games (SG) format to improve atten-tion in children from Catalonia, Spain, with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The activities adapted to the SG format consisted of (1) stimulus selection, (2) mark equal drawings, (3) eight differences, (4) hidden figures, (5) com-pare texts, (6) compare measures and shapes, (7) put model keys, (8) labyrinths and (9) memorization of drawings. Method:A pretest-posttest design was used with a cohort of 30 children between 8 and 10 years old diagnosed with ADHD, with 20% girls (n = 6) and 80% boys (n = 24) with a mean age of 9.4 years (SD = 0.63; range of 8 to 10 years). Four schools and a clinical center from Catalonia, Spain participated in the sample composition. Half of the sample participated in an attention improvement program for nine sessions of 30-45 minutes each in Serious Games format. They were presented with a series of game challenges with various virtual scenarios through a monitor. The other half did the same attention improvement pro-gram in pencil and paper format. Results: The children in the Serious Games group progressed and improved more during treatment, as shown by the average number of errors of commission (p =.02) than those in the pencil and paper group. Both groups also improved in the total score and concentration scale of the D2 test (p < .001). Conclusions: Attentional training through programs in Serious Games format seems to have a more significant effect on commission errors than attentional training in pencil and paper format.

Previous research has pointed out the importance of neuropsychological impairments in intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators for reoffending/recidivism once treatment ends. However, less is known about whether substance misuse is associated with impairments or deficits, which facilitate recidivism. In this study, we first aimed to assess whether IPV perpetrators with (n = 104) and without (n = 120) substance misuse showed differences in specific neuropsychological variables in comparison with non-violent men (n = 82). Second, we examined whether there were differences in IPV perpetrators’ recidivism and whether these differences were explained by neuropsychological performance. Our results revealed that IPV perpetrators with substance misuse showed worse cognitive performance than controls. Furthermore, we also found differences between IPV perpetrators without substance misuse and controls, but only in terms of executive functioning. There were no differences in neuropsychological performance between the two groups of IPV perpetrators, although those with substance misuse presented higher recidivism rates than those without substance misuse. Finally, cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency, and worse attention functioning were related to high recidivism in both groups of IPV perpetrators. This study underlies the importance of performing neuropsychological assessments during the initial stages of intervention programs for IPV perpetrators in order to design coadjutant neuropsychological/cognitive training to address not only the psychological needs (including substance misuse) of IPV perpetrators, but also their neuropsychological needs.

This study has measured the impact on students of sending messages to a Whatsapp group. To do this, we programmed the sending of messages from a known and an un- known phone in three different time zones (morning, school hours and evening). The results show that messages sent from an unknown phone are opened before those from a known source. Furthermore, no significant differences in response time were observed in the different time zones. Finally, it was observed that during class hours, almost 40 per- cent of the participants had read messages of unknown origin on their cell phone within five minutes. Only 22 percent didn't spread messages during class hours.

Assessment and quantification of Attention, Hyperactivity and Impulsivity symptoms and losses it promotes to an individual is a challenging task. A computerized assessment tool, Quotient ADHD® System, intends to provide objective measurements of hyperactivity, inattention an impulsivity on an individual basis. In a sample of 64 adults, we correlated results of this tool with scores of self-report scales for ADHD symptoms, impulsiveness and executive functions. Significant Spearman’s correlations (p≤.05) were found between Quotient ADHD® scores and ADHD symptoms, impulsivity and executive functions symptoms scores. Considering results obtained, we assume Quotient ADHD® might be a useful instrument to help evaluate inhibition control related to impulsiveness and inattention, being suitable to detect disorders with attention and impulsivity compromise.

The primary aim of this study was to compare the listening comprehension levels of four groups of people who listened to recordings that varied in terms of the percentage of syllables stuttered (%SS). The secondary aim was to examine the effects of %SS, attention/hyperactivity, and perfectionism on comprehension. Sixty-four fluent participants between the ages of 18-40 were randomly assigned to gender-equivalent four groups. All participants completed ADHD and perfectionism scales. A clinician read aloud a text, exhibiting different levels (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) of %SSs (speech naturalness r>0.800). Each group of participants listened to a recording with a different %SS level. The comprehension performance was evaluated with the Listening Comprehension Assessment Tool developed by the authors. The validity measures of the tool were sufficient for teachers and clinicians (X̅>0.800). The group that listened to the fluent (0%) recording scored significantly higher than the other groups on mean comprehension scores. Covariance analysis indicated that only the %SS level significantly affected the comprehension score.

Study of the neurodevelopment of children is vital to promote good quality of life during childhood. Few batteries showing adequate reliability and validity indices are available to evaluate the different neuropsychological domains. The objective of this study was to obtain initial evidence on the validity of the Computerized Battery for Neuropsychological Evaluation of Children (BENCI) in a Spanish population. To assess the validity of the BENCI battery and other measures of task switching, abstract reasoning, linguistic abilities, processing speed, and attention were used. The sample was composed of a total of 73 children aged 9, 10, and 11 years. Significant differences among age groups were observed in the domains of sustained attention, memory, and executive function. In addition, the BENCI subtests showed statistically significant correlations with the other neuropsychological tools. Further research is warranted on the relationship of the BENCI with other tests in wider age groups and to assess the factorial structure of the scale and the reliability values of the subtests. In conclusion, this study seems to indicate that the Spanish version of the BENCI has promising validity to be used for evaluating the main neuropsychological domains in children.

This study examined the effect of a 12-weeks curriculum-based PE (Physical Education) program on social preferences for learning in PE in Spanish secondary students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typical development (TD). The sample consisted of 13 students with ADHD (9 boys and 4 girls, aged 15 years) and 13 students (9 boys and 4 girls, aged 15 years) without attentional problems (TD). Before (pretest) and after (postest) the PE program, all participants completed the Graupera/Ruiz Scale of Social Interaction Preferences in PE Learning (GR-SIPPEL) which analyzes four learning preference dimensions: cooperation, competition, fellowship, and individualism. After the PE program, the ADHD students showed an increase in their cooperation, competition, and individualism scores. They did not show a significant increase in the fellowship dimension. A curriculum-based PE program could influence the social preferences for learning in PE by being an excellent way to promote their relationships with other classmates.

Identifying retained activity participation to old age can improve age-related changes in balance and cognition function. Subjects ≥ 60 years were enrolled in this study. Balance and Cognitive function include working memory, executive function, and sustained and divided attention was evaluated with “Fullerton advanced balance”, “n-back”, “Wisconsin card sort”, “sustain and divided attention test”, respectively. In addition, retained activity participation was measured using the Activity Card Sort questionnaire. The univariate and multivariate regression analyses of different domains of retained activity participation were used as independent variables, including instrumental activity, low-effort leisure, high-effort leisure, and social activity on balance and specific domains of cognition. Seventy-seven subjects (65.3 ± 4.4 years, 61% female) were included. About 47% of older adults had a college education, 32.3% had a diploma, and 20.7% had elementary–middle education. These results show that retained instrumental activity had a relationship with working memory (β = 0.079, p < 0.05). In addition, we found that retained high-effort leisure activity can increase balance, divided attention, and executive function score (β = 0.1, β = 0.05, β = 0.02, p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a positive relationship between retained low-effort activity and sustained attention (β = 0.08, p < 0.05). In addition, the coefficient of determination (R2) for balance, working memory, executive function, sustained, and divided attention were 0.45, 0.25, 0.13, 0.11 and 0.18, respectively. The study suggests that retained activity participation types may have various effects on balance and some selective cognitive components in older people.

Introducción: La concentración de la atención es una premisa de rendimiento clave en el desempeño de los trabajadores de riesgo del sector eléctrico en Cuba. Para su evaluación es necesario el empleo de herramientas válidas y confiables que permitan una interpretación precisa, estable y ética de los resultados. Objetivos: Caracterizar el funcionamiento de la octava edición de la Prueba Perceptiva y de Atención Toulouse-Pièron en trabajadores de la Unión Eléctrica; evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de esta técnica y establecer los valores para su calificación en la población de referencia. Métodos: Se desarrolló una investigación cuantitativa, de tipo descriptiva y corte transversal, entre los meses de septiembre del 2018 y enero del 2020. Se aplicó un muestreo no probabilístico intencional a 954 trabajadores. Se analizó la consistencia interna del instrumento, su estabilidad y las correlaciones de sus puntuaciones con las de otro instrumento similar desde el punto de vista teórico. Resultados: La aplicación reveló que la prueba posee una confiabilidad elevada, tanto la referida a la consistencia interna, como a su estabilidad en el tiempo y una adecuada validez de constructo. Se establecieron los baremos para la población de referencia en cuanto al nivel de escolaridad y grupos etarios. Conclusiones: El estudio desarrollado permite la introducción de una nueva herramienta para la exploración de la atención desde el paradigma de búsqueda visual en la Unión Eléctrica y abre nuevas líneas para la investigación vinculadas con el funcionamiento cognitivo de los trabajadores de riesgo del Sistema Electroenergético Nacional Introduction: The concentration of attention is a key performance premise in the performance of risk workers in the electrical sector in Cuba. For its evaluation it is necessary to use valid and reliable tools that allow a precise, stable and ethical interpretation of the results. Objective: To characterize the functioning of the eighth edition of the Perceptive Test and the Toulouse-Pièron Attention among workers of the Electric Union; evaluate the psychometric properties of this technique and establish the values for its qualification in the reference population. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative research was developed between the months of September 2018 and January 2020. An intentional non-probabilistic sampling was applied to 954 workers. The internal consistency of the instrument, its stability and the correlations of its scores with those of another similar instrument from a theoretical point of view were analyzed. Results: The application revealed that the test has high reliability, both regarding internal consistency, as well as its stability over time and adequate construct validity. The scales were established for the reference population regarding the level of education and age groups. Conclusions: The study developed allows the introduction of a new tool for the exploration of attention from the visual search paradigm in the Electricity Union and opens new lines for research related to the cognitive functioning of workers at risk of the national electrical energy system

Introduction: The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the population is currently 4%. It is usually associated with problems related to executive functions, attention and emotional regulation. Non-invasive brain stimulation, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), may compensate for cognitive impairment, thereby benefiting neuroplasticity and long-term outcomes., Aim: The aim is to find evidence concerning the dual application of tDCS with cognitive stimulation activities in the treatment of ADHD in adults, in relation to attention, executive functions and emotional regulation., Materials and Methods: Two reviewers conducted a literature search of Web of Science and PubMed on 22.02.2023, and selected articles that included ADHD patients aged 17-65 years old. The results were analysed using synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM)., Results: Seven of 956 articles were selected for the present review, and were all related to executive functions and attention. No article related to neuromodulation of emotional regulation in adults with ADHD was found. Significant results related to attention and executive functions, and specifically inhibitory control, were found. All studies followed the international 10-20 system developed for the electroencephalogram., Conclusions: Further research is required in view of the limited number of studies found on the symptomatological treatment of ADHD with tDCS in adult populations and the lack of awareness of emotional regulation. This research should use a treatment involving more than two sessions. These tasks do not involve learning and involve a stimulation of more than 1.5 mA.

RESUMEN Introducción: La concentración de la atención es una premisa de rendimiento clave en el desempeño de los trabajadores de riesgo del sector eléctrico en Cuba. Para su evaluación es necesario el empleo de herramientas válidas y confiables que permitan una interpretación precisa, estable y ética de los resultados. Objetivos: Describir el funcionamiento del test de atención d2 en trabajadores de la Unión Eléctrica, evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de esta técnica y establecer los valores para su calificación en la población de referencia. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación de desarrollo instru-mental entre los meses de septiembre de 2020 y diciembre de 2021. Se aplicó un muestreo no probabilístico intencional a 762 trabajadores. Se analizó la consistencia interna del instrumento, su estabilidad y las correlaciones de sus puntuaciones con las del test de símbolos y dígitos como prueba similar desde el punto de vista teórico. Resultados: La aplicación reveló que la prueba posee una confiabilidad elevada, tanto la referida a la consistencia interna como a su estabilidad en el tiempo, y una adecuada validez de constructo. Se establecieron los baremos para la población de referencia en cuanto al nivel de escolaridad y grupos etarios. Conclusiones: El estudio desarrollado permite la introducción de una nueva herramienta para la exploración de la atención desde el paradigma de búsqueda visual en la Unión Eléctrica y abre nuevas líneas para la investigación vinculadas con el funcionamiento cognitivo de los trabajadores expuestos a altos niveles de riesgos. Abstract Introduction: Focusing attention is a key premise for the performance of risk workers in the electricity sector in Cuba. Its evaluation requires to use valid and reliable tools that allow an accurate, stable and ethical interpretation of the results. Objectives: To describe the functionality of the d2 attention test in workers from the Cuban national electricity company; to evaluate the psychometric properties of this technique; and to establish the values for its qualification in the reference population. Methods: An instrumental development research was carried out between September 2020 and December 2021. A nonprob-abilistic purposive sampling was applied to 762 workers. The internal consistency of the instrument was analyzed, together with its stability and the correlations of its scores with those of the symbols and digits test as a theoretically similar test. Results: The application revealed that the test has a high reliability, both in terms of internal consistency and stability over time, as well as adequate construct validity. The scales were established for the reference population, in terms of schooling level and age groups. Conclusions: The developed study allows the introduction of a new tool for the exploration of attention, based on the visual search paradigm, in Electrical Company, and opens new lines for research linked to the cognitive functioning of workers exposed to high levels of risk.

Trasfondo:El control ejecutivo de la atención media la resolución de problemas y la acción voluntaria y está implicado en la regulación de las emociones. Se ha reportado que el control atencional está afectado en personas con trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC). Sin embargo, no se ha considerado la influencia de la carga cognitiva y la distracción en la ejecución de tareas, lo que pudiera tener un impacto en el control atencional. En este estudio evaluamos si la carga cognitiva alta y baja influyen en el control atencional de personas con TOC, en comparación con un grupo control. Método:Quince adultos puertorriqueños con TOC (M=31.60, DE=10.70) y 26 saludables (M=28.42, DE=10.73) participaron en el estudio. Se administró el Attention Network Test y una tarea de carga cognitiva para evaluar el control atencional. Resultados:No se observaron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de alerta, orientación y control atencional entre los grupos en ambas condiciones de carga cognitiva (p>0.05). Solo se observó una diferencia significativa en el control atencional de los participantes con TOC (z=1.99, p=0.047) y del grupo control (z=-2.83, p=0.005) durante tareas con carga cognitiva baja y alta. Conclusiones:Ambos grupos experimentaron menor interferencia de distractores bajo alta carga cognitiva, lo que sugiere un mayor control de la atención durante esta condición. Es posible que el aumento de carga cognitiva pueda reducir la distracción en puertorriqueños saludables y aquellos con TOC. Tomar en cuenta la carga cognitiva puede facilitar el entrenamiento cognitivo para el control atencional y aumentar la flexibilidad cognitiva, mejorando la respuesta al tratamiento.

This paper presents a review in the areas of cognitive musicology, neuroscience and music therapy in the field of music and attention. The text is divided into three sections that group a review of related studies: (a) Theoretical foundations of attention and music; (b) Neuroscientific evidence on attention and music; (c) Therapeutic applications of music in attention. Studies of cognitive musicology show that perceptual groupings and expectations are determining factors for the recruitment of the various dimensions of attention. Neuroimaging exams, neuropsychological tests and studies on rhythmic synchronicity add neuroscientific evidence about the strong relationship between music and attention. The evidence reported in this study demonstrates that music can be used in a therapeutic context with beneficial effects for people with impaired attention or as a resource to distract attention from painful sensations or stressful situations.

This work seeks to understand how and if the entertainment experience obtained by watching videos on the Tik Tok social platform that uses editing and design tools, such as distortion filters for physical appearance and voice, is an immersive experience that causes a Shock to the user as seen in Walter Benjamin. And if the social network has created daily increasing the number of accesses, seeking to retain the media user and seem to attempt to lead the user to an Attention Economy system described by Jonathan Crary. Platforms that work with such design are also guided by the hands of users with content creation to Shock an audience immersed in what is called Snack Culture by Scolari. As for a culture that develops a sensorial audio-visual content format, these contents provoke a sensory effect, a brief experience within a platform design that can create a dynamic between playful and entertainment. This text is built applied to the communicational practice of the use of platforms and is an attempt to understand the contemporary media paths that are outlined with the platform of culture.

The studies of Jacques Delille’s work put an emphasis on the relations between a group of poetic texts(L’homme des champs, L’Imagination, Les Trois Règnes de la nature) and their scientific intertexts. The aim of this paper is to study the scientific connotations of lesser known poems, stressing the problem of the physiological and anatomical reflections on the human voice and the speech. Is there a relation between Delille’s observations on the voice (La Pitié, p. 40, 151-152 ; La Conversation, p. 141-142, 146-147) and the terminology used by physicians or philosophers of his time? What is the impact of Rousseau’s Essai sur l’origine des langues on Delille? Is it inspiring to use the medical distinction between the physiology and the pathology to understand Delilles’s conception of the human voice?

The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) is a set of photographs for the induction of emotions in experimental investigations. There are few studies that use the eye tracking technique to compare attention to figure-background of IAPS slides according to their emotional valence. An experiment was made to study attention to figurebackground, understood as visual fixations to 30 IAPS slides of different valence (positive, negative and neutral) in university students. The results showed that, visual fixations rate was similar for the figure-background areas in negative valence slides, while participants attended the figure more than the background in the slides with neutral and positive valence. Suggesting that participants made an escape response from the figure during slides with negative valence when they emited less fixations. Additionally, fixation rate observed with an eye tracking technique is proposed as a behavioral measure of attention.

Abstract Demonstrative thoughts are distinguished by the fact that their contents are determined relationally, via perception, rather than descriptively. Therefore, a fundamental task of a theory of demonstrative thought is to elucidate how facts about visual perception can explain how these thoughts come to have the contents that they do. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how cognitive psychology may help us solve this metasemantic question, through empirical models of visual processing. Although there is a dispute between attentional and non-attentional models concerning the best metasemantic mechanism for demonstrative thoughts, in this paper I will argue in favor of a hybrid model, which combines both types of processes. In this picture, attentional and non-attentional mechanisms are not mutually exclusive, and each plays a specific role in determining the singular content of demonstrative thoughts.

Abstract Action video games require a high level of attention and almost automatic psychomotor reactions from the player. Therefore, this study aims to verify the relationship between the amount of hours of interaction with action video games and private self-awareness and attention to the present moment. In total, 1,315 college students were recruited (M = 21.6 years; SD = 2.7), who responded to the Digital Entertainment and Information Use Questionnaire, the Self-Reflection and Insight Scale, and the Full Attention and Awareness Scale. Statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s Post-Hoc Tests) indicated a relationship between hours of video game interaction, attention to the present, and self-reflection. It is concluded that playing action video games regularly and for a certain period of time is related to a lower predisposition to turn attention to oneself and to lower impulsivity, but to a higher disposition to focus on everyday experiences (attention to the present).

The general objective of this experimentation concerns the study of the effect of the didactic intervention oriented towards the artistic experience, on the levels of attention and positive emotional involvement (aesthetic emotion) of the students belonging to the classes where the teachers thus formed work; this in comparison with parallel classes in which such innovative teaching is not yet applied and which therefore act as control classes. A platform has been developed for the teacher training, which has allowed the use of artistic materials (artistic videos and virtual museum visits of visual works) as integration and support of curricular contents. Moreover, illustrated books, art books, illustrated and interactive e-books, dedicated apps have been introduced in the school context. The volunteer teachers are involved in the 2019/2020 school year, in 4 primary school classes and 4 secondary school classes. Naturally, the respective control classes were also set up where regular didactic activity was carried out without specific training of the respective teachers, who will always be able to access in the following school year. This aesthetic enrichment of the teaching message has significantly favored the attentional processes and the positive emotional involvement of the learners, functional to learning.

The paper focuses on improving cognitive skills and interpreting performance in university education of future interpreters. In empirical research, the authors analyzed cognitive and interpreting performance of students (n = 60) in order to determine whether the quality of their performance is more influenced by predispositions in the form of specific cognitive skills or practical interpreting training in the short to medium term. The research sample consisted of students in the 3rd year of the bachelor’s (N=28) and 1st year of the master’s studies (N=32) in translation and interpreting. The research analyzed students’ performance in the d2 test of attention (overall performance, accuracy, error rate and fluctuation), cognitive process regulation test (multitasking - task combining the addition test and listening span task) in both consecutive and simultaneous interpreting, taking into account the length and extent of practical interpreting training of students of individual levels of study. We assumed that interpreting performance, and thus the ability to regulate cognitive skills, is improved with training. Overall, master’s students of all language combinations achieved on average higher score in consecutive interpreting than bachelor’s students. The results show that master’s students performed better in consecutive interpreting as well as in the cognitive processes regulation test, which significantly correlates with consecutive interpreting. On the other hand, bachelor’s students performed better in simultaneous interpreting, and they had also higher scores in the CPRT addition test, which significantly correlates with simultaneous interpreting. These results suggest that students’ interpreting performance is likely to be more influenced by their cognitive performance (and thus certain predispositions) than by training and experience to the extent and length offered by university education. When the difference of participants’ experience in interpreting is relatively small, their interpreting performance is probably more influenced by personal predispositions (e.g. performance of working memory in complex, cognitively demanding tasks, ability to cope with stressful situations, level of motivation) than by training. These personal predispositions will presumably develop in individuals during their interpreting practice, while this development is likely to be (under the same conditions) more intense in participants with better ability to regulate cognitive processes who are therefore likely to perform better, after acquiring certain amount of experience, in consecutive interpreting than their colleagues with a weaker ability to regulate cognitive processes. From the overall perspective, it can be states that the extent and length of practical experience in interpreting, which is offered by university studies in the form of interpreting seminars at bachelor’s and master’s level, are sufficient to practice basic modes, procedures and strategies and provide graduates with a basic set of interpreting skills. Nevertheless, in the longer term, it will be crucial how future interpreters will further develop their individual skills in practice. It can be assumed that cognitive and personal preconditions, drawing the starting line for further education and development, will also play an important role in this process.

Patients with bipolar disorder type I (BP-I) often present with impairments in cognitive function. Offspring unaffected by the disorder can also present with cognitive dysfunction. The objective of this study was to compare the cognitive function of BP-I patients, their unaffected offspring (UO) and healthy control subjects (HC)., Methods: Verbal memory, working memory index, processing speed, attention, verbal and phonological fluency and executive function were evaluated through the application of a neuropsychological battery to three groups made up of BP-I patients that attended the Bipolar Disorder Outpatient Clinic of Clínica San Juan de Dios de Manizales [San Juan de Dios de Manizales Clinic] (n=30), UO (n=32) and control group (n=31). The UO group and the control group were matched by gender, age and level of education., Results: Major differences between the three groups were found in the measures of cognitive functions (except in semantic fluency). The HC group showed better cognitive performance in all the functions. Post-hoc analysis showed similar results in the cognitive performance between BP-I and UO except in verbal learning and executive function tasks where the results were better in UO. A better performance in the control group was found, compared to the UO group, in executive function, attention, working memory, and semantic fluency and phonological areas., Conclusions: These results indicate that the offspring of patients with BP-I present with cognitive impairments without suffering from the disorder. This suggests that cognitive dysfunction presents without diagnosis and supports the hypothesis that it can correspond to a BP-I endophenotype., (Copyright © 2022 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

The aim of this paper is to analyse the production of Spanish stops /b, d, g, p, t, k/ and liquids /l, ɾ/ by Mandarin Chinese learners of Spanish (N=10). Two different tasks were used to elicit data: one induced a focus on stops and the other a focus on liquids. Realizations were categorized based on spectral manifestation, and acoustic parameter values between the two groups were compared. The results showed that attention exerts a significant influence on voiced stops and tap production: more inaccurate productions were observed when the learners did not focus on these phonemes. The data also pointed to considerable intra-speaker variation. Learners tended to produce realizations with longer durations in new phonemes: /b, d, g, ɾ/.

This essay utilizes Beckett’s fictional and critical explorations of attention, distraction and drift to reflect on the ways in which, stripped of the conventions of cultural production, walking, thinking and artistic endeavor might be reimagined outside the normative scripts of biopolitics. Centralized and teleological forms give way to rhizomatic instantiations of the same in a process pertaining to all three registers at once (walking, thinking and writing). The result is the formation of a gesture that though suggestive of resistance cannot be viewed as such, in so far as it eschews negation. The paper traces a movement from the dialectical oscillation of attention and distraction in Proust to Beckett’s fashioning of an alternative that finds expression not only in the abstractions of thought and language but also in embodied experience. This alternative will be termed “drift,” a label denoting neither principle nor concept, but a mode of being that anticipates our attempts to think the human in the sensory-digital present. Beckett’s experiments allow us to reconsider forms of knowledge, understanding and conditioning. No less significant is his lesson on how we might do so without becoming embroiled in the dialectics of resistance and compliance.

Employment is a very important aspect of a person’s life, and that is why any health-related factor that can interfere in such activity must be identified. The reality of a Latin American country is different and should be approached as a separate object of study. Many factors that contribute to a patient losing the job can be iden­tified in time in order to be reversed or com­pensated. Thus, identifying the vulnerability pro­file of the patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who are at risk of losing their jobs is an impor­tant task for researchers. Physical disability and disease course are both strong predictors of work status in MS patients, however, cognition and af­fective variables do not have the same degree of evidence. This study raises the aim of investi­gating the relationship between employment sta­tus and cognitive performance in MS. With this knowledge, it would be possible to design a neuropsychological rehabilitation plan for pa­tients, which focuses on compensating and re­covering from cognitive impairment, as well as on serving as orientation for the person who is at risk of losing their job. A group difference design was used. The sample units were selected through a non-pro­bability accidental sampling. We collected the data of 61 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) who had attended consultation between April 2014 and April 2015, in a public hospital. 29.5% were unemployed; 54.1% were emplo­yed; and 10.4% were students or housewives. The Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsycho­logy Tests adapted for Argentine population; Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Expan­ded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), were admi­nistered individually in two sessions, one with a neurologist and one with the neuropsychologist in a private consulting room. Age and years of instruction differences bet­ween patients with and without employment were not significant. There were 60.8% of pa­tients with cognitive impairment. Among them, 38.7% were unemployed. The relationship bet­ween cognitive deterioration and work status was not significant, c2 = .404, df = 1, p = .371. When comparing the groups in the cognitive battery, a meaningful difference in cognitive performance was observed between the subjects who had a job with those who were unemployed in SDMT (t = -2.421, df = 49, p = .019); perfor­mance being higher among the former. No other cognitive score showed significant results. Unemployed patients had higher EDSS and de­pression, than those with jobs. The cognitive tests administered, together with the BDI-II and EDSS, were included in the binary logistic re­gression analysis. The second model retained the SDMT and the BDI-II; both tests were able to correctly classify almost 80% of the cases. Also, both SDMT (B = .080, p = .014) and BDI- II (B = -.098, p = .022) shown significant effects on work status. This study is one of the first attempts in Ar­gentina to analyze the possible determinants of unemployment, which is extremely important in the context of a lack of determining literature about the issue in Latin America. According to results, patients with RRMS who are unemplo­yed have worse performance in speed of infor­mation processing, more depression and physi­cal disability than those who retain their jobs. Results are in line with previous studies, al­though in the present research a cognitive va­riable showed a greater negative influence on employment status over motor difficulties or physical disability. Clinicians would be able to identify patients whose profile shows a higher tendency towards work life decline, so that they can receive early treatment and delay that pro­gression. It is suggested the realization of a mul­ticentric Latin American study, blind to the pa­tients labor status, with the aim of broadening the results by improving the study methodology.

The results of three different groups of customers, each exposed to a different sales technique, were compared in order to evaluate which sales technique was more effective for achieving higher levels of sustained attention. The study used the Neurosky headband to measure brainwaves in millivolts. The three compared sales techniques were: 1) the training technique for sale, termed as structured by the AIDA model; 2) the traditional sale, here called unstructured; 3) and a structured technique with the help of simultaneous stimulation by several neuroattentional pathways, prescribed by the developments of the neuroscience of consumption (CN). The results showed a statistically significant difference in achieved sustained attention levels, presenting higher levels in clients exposed to the sales training technique and ower scores in those exposed to one of the techniques used by the CN. These results are discussed in relation to the concept of sustained attention in clients when the stimulation of a single neuroattentional pathway is used as compared to the activation of several pathways simultaneously.

The current study aims to describe the attention, memory, and executive functions of children between five and 12 years old from the city of Medellín. The participants had a history of child abuse -with or without symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder-. This study is a descriptive research with an analytic transversal design for two groups. Researchers conducted the International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (M.I.N.I-KIDS), along with the Children’s Neuropsychological Assessment (ENI- for its abbreviation in Spanish) and a battery of Spanish-language tests of Executive Functions and Frontal Lobe (BANFE- for its abbreviation in Spanish). Results were the following: PTSD N=10, age = 7.8 (SD=2.1) and No PTSD N=16, age = 7.7 (SD=2.1). Statistically significant differences in the evaluative process were not found between both groups. These findings agree with other studies on the subject and highlight the importance of implementing research including more cases and variables.

Meditation is a form of mental training that has therapeutic potential and cognitive benefits that may enhance attention, mental well-being, and neuroplasticity. However, the learning process is not easy because meditators do not receive immediate feedback that lets them know if they are correctly doing the activity. EEG Neurofeedback training is one of the techniques to train brain self-regulation and it has the potential to increase the effectiveness of meditation. However, the benefits greatly differ between subjects with a high percentage of inefficacy. In this work, an EEG Neurofeedback Training System is proposed based on user-centered design methodology to provide real-time performance feedback to meditators to increase levels of attention and relaxation through a visual, sound and smell stimuli interface. Levels of attention and relaxation of nine participants were measured with a mobile Neurosky EEG headset biosensor during meditation practice to analyze the incidence of each type of stimuli during activity. Visual stimuli feedback was able to increase attention levels of 78% of the participants by 11.8% compared to a meditation session without any stimuli. The sound stimuli feedback was able to increase the relaxation levels of 44.4% of the participants by 16% compared to a session without any stimuli. These results might bring new insights for the design of a neurofeedback system interface for meditation. Further research on neurofeedback training interfaces for meditators is suggested to validate these results with more participants.

Dynamic lighting is playing a key role in education, by considering the main photometric variables such as the correlated color temperature and the illuminance to increase student’s attention levels inside the classroom. In the case of design students, the project component is fundamental for teaching, where students mainly need to develop activities such as presentation to listen to the teacher instructions, ideation and sketching to propose a solution according to the problem being addressed, and exhibition to present the work that has been done. These activities require specific and adequate lighting conditions to generate a positive impact on the performance of students. This article presents the design of a dynamic lighting system capable of adjusting the correlated color temperature in a range from 2500 K to 6500 K and the illuminance levels in a range from 0 lx to 800 lx to enhance the sustained and fixed attention of design students inside the classroom according to the type of activity that is being developed. The performance of the system was evaluated experimentally by measuring student’s attention inside the ergonomics and usability laboratory by using the Gesell chamber, the Emotiv Epoc EEG Headset with 14 electrodes to measure the brain activity and obtain engagement and focus levels, the eye tracking Tobii glasses, and a protocol to evaluate performance including several surveys and camera observation. In conclusion, the dynamic lighting system can improve the attention of design students by configuring the photometric variables according to the type of activity that is being done.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder in children; its coexistence with anxiety in children and their parents increases their social, family, and academic problems., Objective: To identify the prevalence and correlation of anxiety disorder in pediatric patients with ADHD and their parents., Material and Methods: Analytical, observational study conducted in a tertiary-level hospital in Puebla, Mexico, in patients aged 8 to 15 years with a diagnosis of ADHD and their parents; those with an additional psychiatric diagnosis were excluded. All parents signed informed consent, and children aged 8 to 15 years signed a letter of informed assent. The Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale-Second Edition (RCMAS-2) was administered to the patients and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale to the parents. Data analysis was performed with descriptive statistics and phi coefficient., Results: 150 patients and their parents were recruited. The children were predominantly male, and the ADHD subtype was mixed (64.7%). 100% reported pharmacological treatment and 20.7% were combined with psychotherapy. 65% of children registered some type of anxiety with a phi correlation of 0.337 (p < 0.001) of this disorder between children and parents., Conclusions: Pediatric patients diagnosed with ADHD often experience anxiety as a comorbidity, which is correlated with anxiety in their parents., (Licencia CC 4.0 (BY-NC-ND) © 2024 Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.)

Introduction: Dual-tasking is a non-pharmacological intervention in people with neurodegenerative conditions, and is used in Parkinson's disease (PD), primarily to enhance motor performance. The aim of this review is to compile the current evidence on how dual-task training affects cognitive processes in people with PD., Material and Methods: A systematic review was undertaken, applying PRISMA guidelines, which included articles obtained from the PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and Springer Link databases. Methodological quality was assessed using PEDro and ROBINS-I., Results: Twelve articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria: nine of them were randomized controlled trials, and the remaining three were non-randomized studies. Improvements in attention and executive functions were identified, although the diversity of approaches and duration means that reaching definitive conclusions is difficult., Conclusions: Increased research and standardized intervention programmes are essential. Longitudinal and randomized controlled studies in representative samples which provide conclusions that are applicable to other contexts are also important.

Introduction: Social distancing measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic prevented many children with neurodevelopmental disorders from accessing face-to-face treatments. Telerehabilitation grew at this time as an alternative therapeutic tool. In this study we analysed remote cognitive rehabilitation in neurodevelopmental disorders., Methods: This was a prospective, quasi-experimental (before-after) study that included 22 patients (mean age 9.41 years) with neurodevelopmental disorders who had telerehabilitation for over six months., Results: After six months of telerehabilitation, a statistically significant improvement was found with a large effect size in these areas: attention (sustained, selective and divided), executive functions (verbal and visual working memory, categorisation, processing speed), visuospatial skills (spatial orientation, perceptual integration, perception, simultanagnosia) and language (comprehensive and expressive). On the Weiss Functional Impairment Scale, all areas (family, learning and school, self-concept, activities of daily living, risk activities) improved with statistical significance. We found a positive correlation between the number of sessions and the improvement observed in executive functions (visual working memory, processing speed), attention (sustained attention, divided attention) and visuospatial skills (spatial orientation, perceptual integration, perception, simultanagnosia). We did not find statistical significance between the family structure and the number of sessions carried out. A high degree of perception of improvement and satisfaction was observed in the parents., Conclusions: Telerehabilitation is a safe alternative tool which, although it does not replace face-to-face therapy, can achieve significant cognitive and functional improvements in children with neurodevelopmental disorders., (Copyright © 2022 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Abstract Introduction: The concept of mind wandering refers to periods during which attention and content of thoughts depart from the original idea or activity being performed. The phenomenon occurs commonly in the general population and the Mind Wandering Excessively Scale (MEWS) evaluates its frequency, intensity and related negative outcomes. Objective: To describe the cross-cultural adaptation of the MEWS. Methods: Cross-cultural adaptation of the original scale followed five consecutive steps: translation, backtranslation, appreciation of semantic equivalence and administration to a convenience sample to 20 adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 20 normal controls. Results: Results indicated a satisfactory equivalence between the original and translated versions. A synthesis version for Brazilian Portuguese is presented. Conclusions: MEWS provides information on thought activity, which is particularly important in ADHD cases. The Brazilian Portuguese version would be welcome to address specific treatment responses and obtain new outcome measures

Los procesos cognitivos básicos son aspectos fundamentales en el ámbito deportivo, pero a la hora de su correcto funcionamiento es preciso considerar el estado fatiga derivado de un esfuerzo físico. Los factores que contribuyen a la fatiga se derivan tanto del esfuerzo físico, como también de la carga mental concomitante y de los resultados de la tarea que se está realizando. En la actualidad no existe consenso sobre cómo afecta la realización de un esfuerzo físico en el rendimiento cognitivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comprobar si la realización de un esfuerzo físico de alta intensidad tiene influencia sobre el rendimiento cognitivo en deportistas entrenados. Se analizaron las diferencias entre los valores encontrados con la aplicación de la prueba de Toulouse-Pierón en línea base y tras una prueba de esfuerzo físico como es test de Wingate, en una muestra de 9 deportistas de élite de modalidad de combate. Los resultados indican diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones entre las dos fases de estudio (t = -8.014; p < .001), mostrando mejores resultados del nivel atencional después de una prueba de esfuerzo. Se concluye que, los deportistas entrenados, cuando su organismo está sometido a esfuerzos de máxima intensidad, aumentan el rendimiento cognitivo en pruebas que requieren atención y rapidez mental.

This study analyzes the effects of the use of digital games in the school context for the improvement of cognitive flexibility and attention. This research is featured as a quasi-experimental study, involving 100 children divided into two groups: participant and control. We proposed interventions for the use of digital games five days a week for six weeks on the classroom. Both groups were assessed before and after the intervention based on the application of psychological tests. The results showed that the participant group, when compared to the control group, had a significant improvement concerning attention (p

Narrative Medicine is a clinical practice, a scholarly field, and a site of intensive research worldwide. This essay describes the inauguration of the field of narrative medicine in 2000 at Columbia University in New York, NY, USA and the principles and practices that have devolved from the initiating work. Clinical implications of narrative concepts of health care as learned from actual medical practice are described. The three movements of narrative medicine—attention, representation, and affiliation—are explored as means of engaging participants in creative acts of discovery and relation. Examples are provided of narratively-informed teaching and health care practice. Conceptual frameworks from aesthetic theory, phenomenology, literary and narrative theories, and cognitive sciences are advanced to portray the integrated study of individuals-in-the-world made possible by contemporary narrative medicine thought. Emerging concepts of enchantment, embodiment, and enactivism suggest future directions for the field.

This paper deals with the way in which certain meanings originate from the participation of a multiplicity of cues that emerge from different modalities. The analysis is based on the implementation of specific linguistic and cognitive mechanisms that trigger the generation of the audience’s unconscious construction of meaning. The corpus of the analysis concentrates on an excerpt of David Hare’s script (2002) of the movie The Hours: three women’s lives, by Stephen Daldry, that acts as the backbone of the analysis. The analysis is cross-referenced with parallel modality inputs (Kress 2009), such as specific filmic or visual details, found either in the scene or the rest of the movie. The approach of this qualitative study is mainly cognitive making special emphasis on the three types of underspecification proposed by Radden (2007a). It also draws from Langacker’s (2008) proposals related to attention and perspective to identify figure-ground relations as determinant in the molding of the characters and their ideological standpoints in the scene.

Understanding human perception empirically ‒ to the point of being able to manipulate it ‒ allows magicians to perform illusions that appear to be supernatural. This knowledge about perception is useful for our discipline, as shown by the findings of the project Techniques from Magic Applied to Design (TMAD). By studying different techniques used by magicians, this article proposes a new approach to unveil the cognitive processes of people, enriching project methodology in areas such as interaction design, service design and information design. Informing the action, one of the techniques developed, is discussed in depth. By analyzing one type of magical illusion, this technique allows for the natural incorporation of elements into the flow of people’s experience without drawing attention to them.

Introduction: Introduction: kinanthropometry is the current science that studies body parameters in relation to its functioning (such as body composition, proportionality, somatotype, etc.), with established norms, techniques and criteria. Objective: to relate anthropometric profile, attention and problem solving in higher education students in the field of physical activity in Chile. Method: quantitative-correlational approach, with non-experimental and cross-sectional design. Results: there is no significant relationship between body composition (body masses) and cognitive tests (attention and Raven). Regarding anthropometric data (body composition), no significant differences were observed between the sexes for any parameter. Conclusion: it can be deduced that the results of the cognitive factors may be associated with other variables, and not specifically with the variables that may affect anthropometric parameters. These are very interesting topics for future studies, so it is suggested to continue studying cognitive abilities with other variables.

In this paper, I reject Frierson’s interpretation of Kantian reductionist phenomenology. I diagnose his failure to articulate a more robust notion of phenomenology in Kant as traceable to a misguided effort to protect pure reason from the undue influence of sensibility. But in fact Kant himself relies regularly on a phenomenological and felt first personal perspective in his practical philosophy. Once we think more broadly about what Frierson calls “the space of reasons,” we must admit a robust role for attentive reflection upon felt, phenomenological experience at the center of Kantian practical deliberation.

El estudio identifica, describe y relaciona las variables de integración sensorial, atención y conducta en una muestra no probabilística conformada por 66 estudiantes entre 7 a 10 años, 66 padres de familia y 12 docentes de una institución educativa oficial del municipio de Popayán, Cauca (Colombia). Metodología: la investigación se realizó con metodología cuantitativa-interaccional y el análisis con el SPSS identificando resultados con frecuencias absolutas, relativas y significatividad medida con p