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The formation and characteristics of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) under different operational conditions in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), designed to treat Mustard tuber wastewater (MTW, characterized as saline wastewater), had been investigated in this study. Morphology and structure during granulation were determined using a microscope with digital camera and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Granules formed in the reactors could be classified as zoogloea granules with a clear boundary outline and filamentous granules with mycelia bestrewing boundary. Zoogloea granules, cultivated in reactor R1 and R2, were with higher density than filamentous granules, cultivated in reactor R3, and consequently had a higher settling velocity. Results showed that divalent metal ions such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ with phosphate in inflow could transform into precipitates, serving as crystal nucleus and carriers for granulation. Moreover, appropriate organic loading, hydrodynamic

The article proposes a research and pedagogical project in the city of Guangzhou in China with the usage of the digital tools of visualization. We would like to carry out a model which could help to understand the urban transformation by structuring the geographical, political, economic and social conditions together. By taking concrete sites and focusing on a relatively short period, the article aims to structure a research method and imagine new forms and uses of the city representation. The transformation process of European historic cities such as Venice is relatively slow. When the research object concerns a historic city that has undergone radical changes in a short time, such as the case of Guangzhou (China), it is interesting to carry out analyzes at a "micro-scale" and within a “micro-timeline”. The project is proposed for understanding how the modern city works differently than the old traditional city and how the contemporary conditions influence urban transformation. On one hand, we want to know how the modern city is struggling to overcome the geographical constraint. For this the Pearl River and the canals are the essential points of observation. On the other hand, we want to understand the ternary composition of the government-public-company, that represents a complex social relationship in contemporary China, which is unparalleled in the Western world, and its influence toward the production of urban space.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.21.2018.3

Conventional kilns dominate the wood drying industry. However, energy consumption during the process of ventilation remains a significant challenge. In this study, we designed a device to recover waste heat from exhausted wet air during kiln drying. To determine energy conservation, the device was installed in a 50 m3 kiln used for drying sawn timber in two different Chinese cities, and a traditional kiln with identical size was chosen to enable comparison. Two kinds of hardwood (Betula costata Trautv and Quercus mongolica) swan timbers were dried using conventional technology to investigate the energy saving effect of rainy seasons as well as seasonally different temperature. The results revealed that drying time and energy consumption decreased with the use of this energy-conserving device. Electrical and energy consumption were reduced by 18.9% and 38.5%, respectively. Waste heat recovery efficiencies ranged from 20.32% to 28.15%. Energy-conservation efficiency can be predicted to range from 12.23% to 22.74% annually. Equipment costs can be recovered within 3.5 years.

beta-dicarbonyl compounds were oxidized electrocatalytically, with fragmentation and loss of "ch2", using ceric methanesulphonate as a mediator. 2,4-pentanedione yields acetic acid (90%), methyl acetoacetate yields acetic acid (84%) plus methanol and dimethyl malonate yields methanol (64%). For 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione and 1,3-cyclohexanedione, benzoic acid (61% yield) and glutaric acid (75% yield) were obtained, respectively. Methyl cyanoacetate and malononitrile were inert.