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Recovery of an athlete after injury allows to achieve either the previous results or relatively equal. Moreover, the prescribed drugs or recovery exercises are offered in courses without the possibility of process adjustments. The relevance of the study is determined primarily by a large number of universal methods of restoration, if necessary, development of more patient-specific approach. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that the human body is a dynamic system, the state of which is different at any time. The authors developed the idea of a stochastic process problem in the form of a system with a variable state, which can be utilized to generate a process, in order to build a technique for recognizing and predicting the state of dynamic systems. The authors showed that the dynamic system of the body can be considered not only as a process element, but also as a structure that allows to fully achieve recovery during the training period of athletes and their off-season indicators. The paper has developed a model that allows to predict the state of the dynamic system and harmonise the load and the recovery process of the athlete's body. The developed method for identifying and predicting the state of dynamical systems with the improvement of the method of covariance functions factorisation makes it possible to determine the main matrices of a dynamical system using the Riccati equation.

In the process of weightlifting, there is an increased load on both the respiratory system, the cardiovascular system, and on individual parts of the nervous system. At the same time, special attention is paid to the possibilities of providing a stable body functioning after the cancellation of treatment course and the corresponding pharmacological support of athletes with treatment schedule or without it. The novelty of the study is determined by the need to ensure constant and stable work of the cardiovascular system. The authors note that this is possible both when the body performance indicators return to the level before injury, and in conditions of returning to original sports results. It is determined in the paper that the use of the instrumental model will make it possible to develop sustainable energy consumption and coordinate the balancing of loads on an athlete during the period of recovery after injury. Model formation is based on uniform signals in a correlated random process in a simulation model. The practical significance of the study is determined by the need to structure the training loads in the post-traumatic period. This reduces a number of physiological and psychological stresses on a person and allows increasing in the long term the loads that the athlete plans to utilise after returning to the sports sector.

Abstract Background and objectives: Dexmedetomidine has demonstrated protective effects against lung injury in vitro. Here, we investigated whether dexmedetomidine preconditioning protected against lung injury in hemorrhagic shock rats. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8): control group, hemorrhagic shock group, 5 ug.kg-1 dexmedetomidine (DEX1) group, and 10 ug.kg-1 dexmedetomidine (DEX2) group. Saline or dexmedetomidine were administered over 20 min. 30 min after injection, hemorrhage was initiated in the hemorrhagic shock, DEX1 and DEX2 group. Four hours after resuscitation, protein and cellular content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the lung histopathology were measured. The malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 were also tested in the lung tissue. Results: Compare with hemorrhagic shock group, 5 ug.kg-1 dexmedetomidine pretreatment reduced the apoptosis (2.25 ± 0.24 vs. 4.12 ± 0.42%, p < 0.05), histological score (1.06 ± 0.12 vs. 1.68 ± 0.15, p < 0.05) and protein (1.92 ± 0.38 vs. 3.95 ± 0.42 mg.mL-1, p < 0.05) and WBC (0.42 ± 0.11 vs. 0.92 ± 0.13 × 109/L, p < 0.05) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Which is correlated with increased superoxide dismutase activity (8.35 ± 0.68 vs. 4.73 ± 0.44 U.mg-1 protein, p < 0.05) and decreased malondialdehyde (2.18 ± 0.19 vs. 3.28 ± 0.27 nmoL.mg-1 protein, p < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine preconditioning also increased the Bcl-2 level (0.55 ± 0.04 vs. 0.34 ± 0.05, p < 0.05) and decreased the level of Bax (0.46 ± 0.03 vs. 0.68 ± 0.04, p < 0.05), caspase-3 (0.49 ± 0.03 vs. 0.69 ± 0.04, p < 0.05). However, we did not observe any difference between the DEX1 and DEX2 groups for these (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine preconditioning has a protective effect against lung injury caused by hemorrhagic shock in rats. The potential mechanisms involved are the inhibition of cell death and improvement of antioxidation. But did not show a dose-dependent effect.

Abstract We presented a 39-year-old female patient with life-threatening hypoxemia after tricuspid valve replacement because of Ebstein's anomaly. And the severe cyanosis is due to bioprosthetic valve stenosis and atrial septal defect. Anesthetic management of a patient with severe obstructive prosthetic valve dysfunction can be challenging. Similar considerations should be given to patients with Ebstein's anomaly to maintain the pressure equalized between the right and left atrial. Transesophageal echocardiography and cerebral oxygen saturation provided real time information in perioperative care.

In this introduction to the special issue, we highlight the increased transnational interest in standardizing the knowledge, competencies, and practices that relate to educational leadership. While acknowledging the thematic convergences in leadership standards and competency frameworks from heterogenous localities, we propose that it is critical to interrogate the policy mobilities and the recontextualization of the discourses that have contributed to the formulation and implementation of standards. To achieve this aim, this special issue stages a global dialogue about this global leadership turn by including a selection of articles that discuss the emergence and adoption of education leadership standards in diverse linguistic, social and cultural contexts.

Miscommunication in the cockpit or between pilots and air traffic controllers (ATCs) could be fatal when they use English, the de facto language for international civil aviation. To ensure air safety, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has set up English proficiency requirements in Document 9835, calling for adherence to standardized terminology in aeronautic communication. For this reason, terminological competence proves a crucial challenge to non-native speakers of English and merits study from a variety of perspectives. Drawing from relevant work, the current study reports on a translational approach to developing terminological competence for student pilots attending a terminology course tailored to ICAO standards. By extracting subtitles from Mayday, a documentary series on air crashes, near-crashes, and crises, we built a specialized bilingual parallel corpus on aviation and analyzed terminological data against the inventory of events, domains, and sub-domains specified in Document 9835. Through the identification, elaboration, translation, and management of specialized terms, we explore the terminological competence development, and through follow-up interviews we identify the features of this course in shaping student pilots into domain experts qualified for aeronautic communication.

Indole-based receptors such as biindole, carbazole, and indolocarbazole are regarded as some of the most favorable anion receptors in molecular recognition. This is because indole groups possess N–H groups as hydrogen-bonding donors. The introduction of amide groups in the indole framework can induce strong binding properties and good water solubility. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of N-(indol-3-ylglyoxylyl)benzylamine derivatives as novel and simple anion receptors. The receptors derived by aryl and aliphatic amines can selectively recognize F– based on a color change from colorless-to-yellow in DMSO. The receptors derived by hydrazine hydrate can recognize F–, AcO–, and H2PO4– by similar color changes in DMSO and can even enable the selective recognition of F– in a DMSO–H2O binary solution by the naked eye. Spectrographic data indicate that complexes are formed between receptors and anions through multiple hydrogen-bonding interactions in dual solutions.

Background: ILD is a common manifestation in pSS and is associated with an increased risk of death. APCA are strongly expressed by hyperplastic alveolar epithelial cells in the fibrotic lung and are associated with an accelerated decline in lung function in IPF. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of APCA in ILD patients with pSS., Methods: Clinical, laboratory, PFTs and imaging data from pSS patients were reviewed, and the ESSDAI was utilized to evaluate disease activity. HRCT semiquantitative scoring was conducted. We compared the clinical characteristics of pSS patients with and without ILD and carried out logistic regression analysis of risk factors for ILD in pSS., Results: A total of 74 patients with pSS and 40 HCs were included in the study. ILD was more commonly observed in the APCA-positive group than in the APCA-negative group. The quantitative levels of APCA were positively correlated with the imaging score. Multivariate analysis found that the long disease duration, elevated APCA and elevated KL-6 level were independent risk factors for ILD in pSS patients. The area under ROC curve for APCA was 0.6618, and the threshold concentration was 153.82ng/ml (sensitivity 45.24%, specificity 87.50%)., Conclusion: APCA level is an independent risk factor and might be a potential biomarker for ILD in patients with pSS., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Objectives: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are systemic, heterogeneous diseases, which mainly affect skeletal muscle. Myositis with cancer is often referred to as cancer-associated myositis (CAM), which is associated with poor prognosis. This study aimed to determine the cancer associated myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) and to elucidate their associations with clinical features in Chinese patients with IIMs., Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 312 patients with IIMs who were treated at Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China, from January 2015 to December 2020. Clinical data were collected. Serum MSAs, including anti-Mi-2, anti-TIF1-γ, anti-NXP2, anti-SAE, anti-MDA5, anti-SRP, anti-Jo-1, anti-PL-7, anti-PL-12, anti-OJ, anti-EJ and anti-HMGCR antibodies were detected. Cancer-associated MSAs, their phenotypic and survival features were estimated through SPSS 20.0., Results: The results revealed that anti-TIF1-γ antibody and anti-SAE antibody were cancer-associated autoantibodies with odds ratios (95% CI) of 8.70 (3.35-22.64) and 22.31 (4.32-115.05), respectively. Skin lesions, proximal weakness, dysphagia and dysarthria were observed more frequently in patients carrying anti-TIF1-γ antibody. By contrast, patients with anti-TIF1-γ antibody had a lower frequencies of fever, arthritis/arthralgia and interstitial lung disease (ILD). Anti-TIF1-γ antibody positive CAM comprised about half of CAM entities and had the characteristic of close temporal association with cancer detection/recurrence. Female-dominant, common reproductive system tumors were other clinical features of this subset. Besides, patients with anti-TIF1-γ antibody positive had significantly lower survival rates than the anti-TIF1-γ antibody negative group., Conclusions: Anti-TIF1-γ antibody and anti-SAE antibody were cancer-associated autoantibodies. Anti-TIF1-γ antibody positive CAM was a subset that comprised about half of CAM entities and had the characteristic of poor prognosis., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Background: Biliary papillomatosis is a rare type of papillomatosis. Depending on the location of the disease, radical surgical resection or liver transplants are the treatment of choice. These radical surgical options may be unrealistic in patients who are not surgical candidates or who are unwilling to consider surgery., Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic electrocoagulation for the biliary papillomatosis., Methods: In this case series, we report six patients with unresectable biliary papillomatosis who underwent cholangioscopic electrocoagulation using needle knife and their clinic follow up information., Results: After patients received cholangioscopy with electrocoagulation of the residual biliary papilloma, the daily T-tube drainage volume increased to 200-400ml with improvement in the drainage content and significant relief of clinical symptoms, such as jaundice and abdominal pain., Conclusion: This method of using electrocoagulation to directly target and destroy tumor tissue is a safe and effective alternative for those with unresectable disease, and this method has shown to enhance T-tube drainage volume and improve patients' overall clinical symptoms., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Background: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the main causes of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, and it is also the main primary disease leading to chronic kidney disease. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the epidemiology and risk factors for progression in Chinese patients with IgAN., Methods: In this retrospective study, 246 patients with renal biopsy-proven IgAN were enrolled from January 2012 to June 2018. The patients' data were divided into two groups according to eGFR at the end of follow-up: a high-eGFR group (eGFR≥60ml/min) and a low-eGFR group (eGFR<60ml/min)., Results: At the end of the study, we identified 49 (19.92%) patients with low-eGFR from 246 IgAN patients. Renal function, represented by serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and cystatin-C, was significantly decreased in the low-eGFR group (P<0.001 for all) at the time of renal biopsy. Compared with the high-eGFR group, the age, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), proteinuria, cholesterol, triglycerides and serum uric acid were significantly higher (P<0.05 for all). According to the Oxford evaluation, the proportion of S1-2 (59.2%) and T1-2 (65.3%) was significantly increased (P<0.001 for both) and the proportion that had a MEST-C score ≥3 was statistically increased in the low-eGFR group (83.7%, P=0.001)., Conclusions: Male, MAP, haematuria, Scr, cholesterol, hemoglobin, Lee classification more than 3 and C1-2 are independent risk factors for low-eGFR in Chinese IgAN patients., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Liddle syndrome is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease caused by a single gene mutation. Typical clinical manifestations are early-onset hypertension and hypokalaemia and can be treated using ENaC blockers (amiloride and aminopterin)., Patients and Methods: This report describes a 17-year-old male with hypertension and hypokalaemia. We performed a Captopril inhibition test and a postural stimulation test for the diagnosis and typing of primary aldosteronism., Results: The serum renin was low, and aldosterone was high, so the patient was initially misdiagnosed as primary aldosteronism. After a genetic analysis, a diagnosis of Liddle syndrome was made due to the presence of an SCNN1B p.Pro617Ser mutation. After diagnosis, the patient was administered one tablet of amiloride twice a day (each tablet contains 2.5mg of amiloride hydrochloride and 25mg of hydrochlorothiazide 25mg). The patient's blood pressure (average of 120-135/70-80mmHg) and serum potassium levels (3.6-4.0mmol/L) returned to normal and were well-controlled after treatment., Discussion: The patient is an atypical case of Liddle syndrome; genetic analysis is helpful and essential for diagnosis., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate hyperferritinemia could be a predicting factor of mortality in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)., Methods: A total of 100 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in intensive care unit (ICU) were enrolled and classified into moderate (n=17), severe (n=40) and critical groups (n=43). Clinical information and laboratory results were collected and the concentrations of ferritin were compared among different groups. The association between ferritin and mortality was evaluated by logistic regression analysis. Moreover, the efficiency of the predicting value was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve., Results: The amount of ferritin was significantly higher in critical group compared with moderate and severe groups. The median of ferritin concentration was about three times higher in death group than survival group (1722.25μg/L vs. 501.90μg/L, p<0.01). The concentration of ferritin was positively correlated with other inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-8, IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that ferritin was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality. Especially, high-ferritin group was associated with higher incidence of mortality, with adjusted odds ratio of 104.97 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.63-4185.89; p=0.013]. Moreover, ferritin had an advantage of discriminative capacity with the area under ROC (AUC) of 0.822 (95% CI 0.737-0.907) higher than procalcitonin and CRP., Conclusion: The ferritin measured at admission may serve as an independent factor for predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 in ICU., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Mir-146a-5p has been widely recognized as a critical regulatory element in the immune response. However, recent studies have shown that miR-146a-5p may also be involved in the development of Alzheimer disease (AD). Regrettably, the related mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of miR-146a in mice models and SH-SY5Y cells treated with amyloid β (Aβ) 1-42 ., Methods: To create a model of AD, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with Aβ 1-42 and mice received intracerebroventricular injections of Aβ 1-42 . Then, the transcriptional levels of miR-146a were estimated by real-time PCR. We transiently transfected the miR-146a-5p mimic/inhibitor into cells and mice to study the role of miR-146a. The role of signaling pathways including p38 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was studied by using specific inhibitors. Aβ and amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP)levels were measured by immunoblotting. Furthermore, Aβ expression was analyzed by immunofluorescence and histochemical examinations., Results: Aβ 1-42 -stimulated SH-SY5Y cells displayed increased transcriptional levels of miR-146a and APP. Moreover, the p38 MAPK signaling pathway and ROS production were activated upon stimulation with a miR-146a-5p mimic. However, treatment with a miR-146a-5p inhibitor decreased the levels of APP, ROS, and p-p38 MAPK. A similar phenomenon was also observed in the animals treated with Aβ 1-42 , in which miR-146a upregulation increased the expression of Aβ, p-p38, and ROS, while the inhibition of miR-146a had the opposite effect. This suggests that miR-146a increases Aβ deposition and ROS accumulation via the p-p38 signaling pathway., Conclusions: Our research demonstrates that miR-146a-5pa increases Aβ deposition by triggering oxidative stress through activation of MAPK signaling., (Copyright © 2021 Sociedad Española de Neurología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Cancer is the most important leading cause of death in the world and vascular events are the second-leading cause of death in cancer patients after cancer itself. Understanding related risk factors associated with vascular events may help clinicians develop appropriate treatment strategies. However, few large-scale population-based studies have investigated the risk factors for vascular events among cancer patients., Materials and Methods: The study involved a retrospective evaluation of medical records from the SEER database. Ten most common cancers in the past 20 years were extracted from the database. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze risk factors affecting vascular events that caused death among cancer patients., Results: This study revealed that cancer patients had a serious risk of vascular events caused death, the 1-year, 3-year, 5-year and the overall rates of mortality from vascular events were 6.0%, 10.8%, 17.9% and 25.8%, respectively. The results showed that male, black race, elderly, AJCC stage II, stage III and stage IV, with no multiple primary cancers and no surgical treatment were associated with a significantly increased risk of vascular events caused death., Discussion: We hope this research can alert clinicians and help them select high-risk cancer patients who may die from vascular events. And for those patients, we recommend that clinicians regularly monitor the patient's coagulation function and perform individualized thromboprophylaxis promptly to reduce the risk of death from vascular events., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Objective: To evaluate the performance of the quantitative markers of hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) and anti-hepatitis B core antigen antibodies HbcAb versus hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA) in predicting liver fibrosis levels in chronic hepatitis B patients., Methods: Two hundred and fifty hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and 245 HBeAg-negative patients were enrolled. With reference to the Scheuer standard, stage 2 or higher and stage 4 liver disease were defined as significant fibrosis and cirrhosis, respectively. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the performance of the HBV markers investigated., Results: The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) of HBcrAg in predicting significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in HBeAg-positive patients (0.577 and 0.700) were both close to those of HBsAg (0.617 and 0.762) (both P> 0.05). In HBeAg-negative patients (0.797 and 0.837), they were both significantly greater than those of HBV DNA (0.723 and 0.738) (P=0.0090 and P=0.0079). The AUCs of HBcAb in predicting significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in HBeAg-positive patients (0.640 and 0.665) were both close to those of HBsAg. In HBeAg-negative patients (0.570 and 0.621), they were both significantly less than those of HBcrAg (P <0.0001 and P=0.0001). Specificity in predicting significant fibrosis and sensitivity in predicting cirrhosis in HBeAg-positive patients, using a single cut-off of HBsAg ≤5,000 IU/ml, were 76.5% and 72.7%, respectively. In HBeAg-negative patients, using a single cut-off of HBcrAg>80kU/ml, they were 85.9% and 81.3%, respectively., Conclusions: HBsAg has good performance in predicting liver fibrosis levels in HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative patients, and HBcrAg has very good performance in predicting liver fibrosis levels in HBeAg-negative patients., (Copyright © 2020. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a major complication among critically ill patients who depend on mechanical ventilation. Few reports have focused on intracerebral hemorrhage patients with VAP. Our main objective was to investigate the bacteria distribution characteristics and the impact of ventilator-associated pneumonia mortality in critical cerebral hemorrhage patients. This retrospective study included 89 cases of cerebral hemorrhage patients with VAP admitted to the ICU of Huashan Hospital. We used the chi-square test to compare qualitative variables and Student's t-test to compare means between groups of normally distributed quantitative variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess mortality-independent predictors in the ICU. A total of 42% patients with cerebral hemorrhage were diagnosed with VAP in the ICU during the study period, and the mortality rate was 18%. Acinetobacter baumannii (n=58), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=52), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=21) were the most common pathogenic bacteria. Blood volume >30ml, tracheal ventilation mode and head of bed elevation were independent factors associated with increased mortality. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score and the time from bleeding to intubation were other potentially important factors. While the number of infecting bacteria may not be directly related to death, it can increase antibiotic consumption and length of intensive care unit (ICU) stays. Blood volume >30ml, tracheal ventilation mode and head of bed elevation were directly related to the death of critical cerebral hemorrhage patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: This study aims to assess the clinical risk of pediatric appendicitis with appendicolith and its guiding significance in therapeutic strategies' selection., Methods: Children diagnosed with acute appendicitis from June 2011-January 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Patient cohort was divided to appendicolith group (AG) and nonappendicolith group (NAG) based on whether the appendicolith presents or not in the open surgery. Clinical presentations, laboratory parameters, computed tomography findings, and pathological changes were reviewed and compared between two groups., Results: Among 163 patients, 23 (mean age, 6.1 years old) were defined in AG and 140; mean age, 8.1 years old) in NAG. The patients in AG demonstrated prolonged length of stay (12.4 ± 5.6d vs. 8.7 ± 5.0d, P <0.05), higher body temperature (38.2 ± 0.8 ℃ vs. 37.3 ± 0.8 ℃, P <0.05), higher frequency of diarrhea (17 % vs. 3%, P <0.05), rebound tenderness (100 % vs. 87 %, P <0.05), increased neutrophil percentage (81.4 ± 8.0 % vs. 65.3 ± 22.8 %, P <0.05), C-reactive protein (33.13 ± 10.3 mg/L vs. 23.7 ± 13.7 mg/L, P <0.05), and great risk of perforation (78 % vs. 29 %, P <0.05). Alvarado score (8.3 ± 1.2 vs. 7.0 ± 1.3, P <0.05) and AIR score (10.7 ± 1.6 vs. 7.7 ± 1.9, P <0.05) of AG, were higher than NAG he presence of fever and appendicolith was associated with a high rate of perforated appendicitis., Conclusions: Pediatric appendicitis with appendicolith has greater clinical risk and tends to causing complicated appendicitis., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría.)

Background: There is growing evidence that vitamin D is related to the development of a variety of diseases. The current study was performed to investigate the status of serum vitamin D distribution among adult Chinese people and reveal the influence of gender, age, seasonality and residential regions on serum vitamin D levels., Method: This cross-sectional study included 14,302 participants aged from 18 years old to 65 years old from six major cities in China. The basic demographic information and the levels of serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) and vitamin D 3 (25(OH)D 3 ) were collected from Jan 2, 2014 to Dec 25, 2017., Result: The prevalence of 25(OH)D 3 concentration <30ng/mL reached up to 83%, in which the rate of vitamin D insufficiency (20-29ng/mL) was 32.7%, and vitamin D deficiency (10-19ng/mL) accounted for 41.9%, and vitamin D severe shortage (<10ng/mL) accounted for 8.4%. Women were more likely to have vitamin D 3 deficiency and lower serum vitamin D 3 concentration than men (both p<0.001). The mean concentration of serum 25(OH)D and 25(OH)D 3 in summer and autumn were higher than that in spring and winter (p<0.001), and the mean concentration of serum 25(OH)D in people from Southern China was higher than that in people from other regions (p<0.001). Although the mean concentrations of serum 25(OH)D and 25(OH)D 3 were both increased by age, the percentage of patients with serum 25(OH)D 3 insufficiency was also increased., Conclusion: Serum vitamin D deficiency is very common in adults in China. The level of serum vitamin D may be associated with age, sex, seasonality and residential regions., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Background/aim: To describe the epidemiological profile of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains, its antibiotic resistance and mecA and Panton Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes presence, in school children residing in high altitude areas of Southwestern China., Methods: The cross sectional study screened nasal swabs taken from students for S.aureus. PCR was performed to identify mecA and PVL genes., Results: Of the total 314 children 5.10% (16/314) was detected S.aureus. The resistance of isolated strains to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, rifampicin and cefoxitin was 100%, 81.3%, 81.3%, 0.0%, and 6.3% respectively. No strains demonstrated resistance to vancomycin; expression of mecA gene was detected in 3 isolates and 10 isolates were PVL-positive., Conclusion: S. aureus was detected in 5.10% (16/314) of the study population; 0.96% (3/314) had methicillin resistant S.aureus (MRSA); expression of the mecA and PVL genes were detected in 3 and 10 isolates respectively.