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Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of endovascular revascularisation of intracranial artery occlusion and stenosis in moyamoya disease using stent angioplasty. Materials and methods: We recruited 12 patients (8 women and 4 men) with occlusion and stenosis of intracranial arteries in the context of moyamoya disease who underwent endovascular stent angioplasty. Clinical data, baseline conditions, lesion location, treatment outcomes, periprocedural complications, and follow-up outcomes were analysed. Results: The occlusion was located at the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery in 8 patients, at both the M1 and A2 segments in one patient, and at the C7 segment of the internal carotid artery in 3. Thirteen stents were deployed at the occlusion site, including the low-profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) device in 8 patients, an LVIS device and a Solitaire AB stent in one, and a Leo stent in 3, with a success rate of 100% and no intraprocedural complications. Plain CT imaging after stenting revealed leakage of contrast agent, which disappeared on the second day, resulting in no clinical symptoms or neurological sequelae. Follow-up angiography studies were performed in all patients for 6–12 months (mean, 8.8). Slight asymptomatic in-stent stenosis was observed in 2 patients (16.7%), and no neurological deficits were observed in the other patients. All preoperative ischaemic symptoms completely disappeared at follow-up. Conclusion: Stent angioplasty is a safe and effective treatment for occlusion and stenosis of intracranial arteries in moyamoya disease. Resumen: Objetivos: Evaluamos la eficacia y la seguridad de la revascularización endovascular de oclusiones y estenosis de arterias intracraneales mediante angioplastia con stent en pacientes con enfermedad de moyamoya. Materiales y métodos: Incluimos a 12 pacientes (8 mujeres y 4 hombres) con oclusiones y estenosis de arterias intracraneales en el contexto de enfermedad de moyamoya que se sometieron a angioplastia con stent. Recogimos datos clínicos e información sobre enfermedades existentes, localización de la lesión, resultados terapéuticos, complicaciones periprocedimiento y resultados de seguimiento. Resultados: La oclusión afectaba al segmento M1 de la arteria cerebral media en 8 pacientes, a los segmentos M1 y A2 en un paciente, y al segmento C7 de la arteria carótida interna en los 3 restantes. Se colocaron 13 stents en el lugar de la oclusión: stents LVIS en 8 pacientes, un stent LVIS y un stent Solitaire AB en un paciente y stents Leo en 3 pacientes. La tasa de éxito fue del 100%, sin complicaciones durante el procedimiento. Una TC tras el procedimiento detectó fugas del medio de contraste, que desaparecieron al segundo día y no provocaron síntomas ni secuelas neurológicas. Se realizó un seguimiento de todos los pacientes con angiografía durante 6-12 meses (media: 8,8 meses). Dos pacientes (16,7%) presentaron una ligera reestenosis intrastent asintomática; el resto de los pacientes no presentaron déficits neurológicos. Todos los síntomas isquémicos previos desaparecieron durante el seguimiento. Conclusiones: La angioplastia con stent es un tratamiento eficaz y seguro de las oclusiones y estenosis de arterias intracraneales en pacientes con enfermedad de moyamoya.

Recovery of an athlete after injury allows to achieve either the previous results or relatively equal. Moreover, the prescribed drugs or recovery exercises are offered in courses without the possibility of process adjustments. The relevance of the study is determined primarily by a large number of universal methods of restoration, if necessary, development of more patient-specific approach. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that the human body is a dynamic system, the state of which is different at any time. The authors developed the idea of a stochastic process problem in the form of a system with a variable state, which can be utilized to generate a process, in order to build a technique for recognizing and predicting the state of dynamic systems. The authors showed that the dynamic system of the body can be considered not only as a process element, but also as a structure that allows to fully achieve recovery during the training period of athletes and their off-season indicators. The paper has developed a model that allows to predict the state of the dynamic system and harmonise the load and the recovery process of the athlete's body. The developed method for identifying and predicting the state of dynamical systems with the improvement of the method of covariance functions factorisation makes it possible to determine the main matrices of a dynamical system using the Riccati equation.

In the process of weightlifting, there is an increased load on both the respiratory system, the cardiovascular system, and on individual parts of the nervous system. At the same time, special attention is paid to the possibilities of providing a stable body functioning after the cancellation of treatment course and the corresponding pharmacological support of athletes with treatment schedule or without it. The novelty of the study is determined by the need to ensure constant and stable work of the cardiovascular system. The authors note that this is possible both when the body performance indicators return to the level before injury, and in conditions of returning to original sports results. It is determined in the paper that the use of the instrumental model will make it possible to develop sustainable energy consumption and coordinate the balancing of loads on an athlete during the period of recovery after injury. Model formation is based on uniform signals in a correlated random process in a simulation model. The practical significance of the study is determined by the need to structure the training loads in the post-traumatic period. This reduces a number of physiological and psychological stresses on a person and allows increasing in the long term the loads that the athlete plans to utilise after returning to the sports sector.

Abstract Background and objectives: Dexmedetomidine has demonstrated protective effects against lung injury in vitro. Here, we investigated whether dexmedetomidine preconditioning protected against lung injury in hemorrhagic shock rats. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8): control group, hemorrhagic shock group, 5 ug.kg-1 dexmedetomidine (DEX1) group, and 10 ug.kg-1 dexmedetomidine (DEX2) group. Saline or dexmedetomidine were administered over 20 min. 30 min after injection, hemorrhage was initiated in the hemorrhagic shock, DEX1 and DEX2 group. Four hours after resuscitation, protein and cellular content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the lung histopathology were measured. The malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 were also tested in the lung tissue. Results: Compare with hemorrhagic shock group, 5 ug.kg-1 dexmedetomidine pretreatment reduced the apoptosis (2.25 ± 0.24 vs. 4.12 ± 0.42%, p < 0.05), histological score (1.06 ± 0.12 vs. 1.68 ± 0.15, p < 0.05) and protein (1.92 ± 0.38 vs. 3.95 ± 0.42 mg.mL-1, p < 0.05) and WBC (0.42 ± 0.11 vs. 0.92 ± 0.13 × 109/L, p < 0.05) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Which is correlated with increased superoxide dismutase activity (8.35 ± 0.68 vs. 4.73 ± 0.44 U.mg-1 protein, p < 0.05) and decreased malondialdehyde (2.18 ± 0.19 vs. 3.28 ± 0.27 nmoL.mg-1 protein, p < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine preconditioning also increased the Bcl-2 level (0.55 ± 0.04 vs. 0.34 ± 0.05, p < 0.05) and decreased the level of Bax (0.46 ± 0.03 vs. 0.68 ± 0.04, p < 0.05), caspase-3 (0.49 ± 0.03 vs. 0.69 ± 0.04, p < 0.05). However, we did not observe any difference between the DEX1 and DEX2 groups for these (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine preconditioning has a protective effect against lung injury caused by hemorrhagic shock in rats. The potential mechanisms involved are the inhibition of cell death and improvement of antioxidation. But did not show a dose-dependent effect.

Miscommunication in the cockpit or between pilots and air traffic controllers (ATCs) could be fatal when they use English, the de facto language for international civil aviation. To ensure air safety, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has set up English proficiency requirements in Document 9835, calling for adherence to standardized terminology in aeronautic communication. For this reason, terminological competence proves a crucial challenge to non-native speakers of English and merits study from a variety of perspectives. Drawing from relevant work, the current study reports on a translational approach to developing terminological competence for student pilots attending a terminology course tailored to ICAO standards. By extracting subtitles from Mayday, a documentary series on air crashes, near-crashes, and crises, we built a specialized bilingual parallel corpus on aviation and analyzed terminological data against the inventory of events, domains, and sub-domains specified in Document 9835. Through the identification, elaboration, translation, and management of specialized terms, we explore the terminological competence development, and through follow-up interviews we identify the features of this course in shaping student pilots into domain experts qualified for aeronautic communication.