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Background Part of having healthy lifestyles should be a regular practice of physical activities. Aim To evaluate the association between the practice of physical activity and healthy lifestyles in older people. Material and Methods The Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile survey was applied to 1688 older people living in the community, aged 72 ± 7 years (61% women). This survey includes questions about regular physical activity. Results Twenty four percent of surveyed participants declared to practice physical activities at least three times per week, without gender differences. Sedentariness increased along with age. There was a negative association between low physical activity and healthy lifestyles (odds ratio (OR): 3.2 confidence intervals (CI): 2.3-4.5). There was also an association between sedentariness and low self-realization (OR 2.4 CI: 1.8-3.3), low responsibility with health (OR 1.6 CI: 1.22.1), low concern about nutrition (OR 1.8 CI: 1.4-2.4), low stress management (OR 2.0 CI: 1.5-2.7) and low interpersonal support (OR 2.0 CI: 1.5-2.6). Conclusions Sedentariness is negatively associated with health promoting lifestyles in this group of older people.

The evidence of the last 20 years shows a link between viral infections and obesity in animals and humans. There are five adenovirus which have been associated with development of obesity in animals. SMAM-1 virus was the first studied in humans associated with obesity. There is compelling evidence that Ad-36 virus could contribute to the development of obesity in humans and it is related with body mass index (BMI). This manuscript reviews the association between Ad-36 and the other four virus infections with obesity. An electronic search of articles in the databases PubMed and Scielo, with use of key words: obesity, infection, adipose tissue, Ad-36, 3T3-L1 was performed. The search was restricted "human" and "animals". The importance of the relationship between virus infections and obesity has increased over the past two decades. Ad-36 shows more compelling evidence in humans. There are reports involving this virus in the enhancement of adipogenesis, adipocyte differentiation, a lower secretion of leptin and an increased insulin sensitivity. Future work should focus in larger cohort studies to confirm this association, which explains the global obesity epidemic from a new perspective.

Introducción: existen características respecto a los ritmos circadianos (ciclo sueño-vigilia), lo que genera un rasgo denominado cronotipo (madrugador o trasnochador). Se ha asociado el cronotipo vespertino a menos horas de sueño y hábitos alimentarios poco saludables. El cronotipo vespertino se asocia con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar obesidad.Objetivo: determinar la asociación del cronotipo con variables antropométricas en jóvenes de 18 a 25 años.Métodos: jóvenes (n = 65) (18 a 25 años), se les determinó el cronotipo (cuestionario de Horne-Ostberg) y mediciones antropométricas (peso, talla, porcentaje de grasa y perímetro de cintura). Resultados: los hombres con cronotipo trasnochador presentaron significativamente mayor perímetro de cintura (p = 0,03). Las mujeres con un porcentaje de grasa < 25% se asoció con cronotipo trasnochador (p = 0,05). Conclusiones: el cronotipo trasnochador se asocia a mayor perímetro de cintura y mayor porcentaje de grasa. El cronotipo constituye un nuevo foco para la prevención y el tratamiento de la obesidad.

In daily clinical practice, the dermatologic surgeon frequently has to excise closely adjacent tumors in the facial region. In such cases, planning of an appropriate reconstruction technique is essential. The aim is to treat all of the lesions in a single surgical intervention, if possible, and to achieve a good functional and cosmetic outcome. We present 5 patients in whom a single flap was used to repair multiple adjacent defects., (Copyright © 2015 AEDV. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Leptin (LEP) is mainly produced in adipose tissue and acts in the hypothalamus to regulate energy intake. Mutations in the LEP gene or its receptor (LEPR) that produce monogenic obesity are infrequent. However, LEP and LEPR polymorphisms have been associated with obesity multifactorial, due to the association found with body weight and eating behavior., Aim: Measure the association between LEP and LEPR polymorphisms with childhood obesity and eating behavior., Methods: 221 Chilean obese children (BMI above the 95th percentile) were recruited. Parents of 134 of these children were also recruited to determine the association between LEP and LEPR polymorphisms with obesity in a case study-parent trio. Eating behavior was measured through the questionnaire of three factors progenitors' version (TFEQ-P19) and eating behavior in children (CEBQ)., Results: No significant difference between the studied polymorphisms and childhood obesity, after correction for multiple comparisons, was observed. The dimensions; "Slow eating", "emotional eating", "enjoyment of food" and "uncontrolling eating" were significant associated with certain polymorphisms of LEP and LEPR., Conclusions: There would be an association between polymorphisms of the LEP and LEPR genes with eating behavior in Chilean obese children., (Copyright AULA MEDICA EDICIONES 2014. Published by AULA MEDICA. All rights reserved.)

Obesity is a risk factor for cancer. Epidemiological evidences associate ovarian cancer with obesity. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most common type of ovarian cancer and accounts for a high rate of mortality. The association between ovarian cancer and obesity could be explained by molecular factors secreted by adipose tissue such as leptin. In EOC, leptin increases cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. Additionally, adipose tissue synthesizes endogenous estrogens, which increase cell proliferation of epithelial ovarian cells. Also, obesity associated hyperinsulinism could increase ovarian estrogen secretion.

Case Report: We describe a 42 year-old patient who developed acute myopia and closed-angle glaucoma one week after beginning treatment with topiramate. Ultrasound biomicroscopy revealed a bilateral angle closure and choroidal effusion. The clinical findings resolved with withdrawal of the topiramate., Discussion: Topiramate may cause acute myopia and closure angle glaucoma in some patients due to a choroidal effusion. Ultrasound biomicroscopy seems to be a useful tool for monitoring the progression of the clinical lesions and their resolution when the drug is withdrawn., (Copyright © 2011 Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To determine the most important risk factors for the incidence of retinopathy in premature infants., Material and Methods: A retrospective study, controls and cases of newborn infants (≤ 32 weeks of gestation and birth weight ≤ 1,500) with diagnosis of retinopathy in the newborn intensive care unit were performed., Results: Sixty cases of premature infants, with some grade of retinopathy, were found: 30 of which were male and 27 female.Three cases were excluded because of congenital problems. The two mainly involved risk factors in the retinopathy of neonates are gestational age (≤ 28 weeks; p ≤ 0.001; OR: 18.62; IC 95%: 7.36-47.09), and birth weight ≤ 1,000 g (p < 0.001; OR: 13.55; IC 95%: 5.59-32.84). Other risk factors found were: hyaline membrane disease(HMD), late sepsis, frequent desaturations in newborns up to the second week of life related to apnea, surfactant and postnatal steroids administration, as well as more than 5 blood transfusions, or stay at hospital longer than 45 days., Conclusion: The two main risk factors in the onset of retinopathy in premature infants are gestational age and birth weight.

Introduction: Fluid preloading to prevent hypotension after epidural anesthesia has been widely questioned, although few studies have been performed in outpatients., Objective: To evaluate the incidence and severity of hypotension, and the need for vasoactive agents after epidural anesthesia in outpatients who did or did not receive fluid preloading., Patients and Methods: Forty patients under 55 years of age (ASA I and II) undergoing general surgery on an outpatient basis were assigned randomly to two groups of 20 according to whether they were to receive loading with Hartmann's solution or not before epidural anesthesia. All received a similar epidural dose of 2% mepivacaine. Hypotension was defined as a decrease of 20% in systolic or mean blood pressure in comparison with baseline, or absolute pressures of < 90 and 60 mmHg, respectively. Hypotension was treated with 5 mg boluses of ephedrine., Results: Fourteen patients in the non-preloading group and 5 in the preloading group developed hypotension (p < 0.05). Hypotensive episodes were fewer in patients receiving preloading fluids (0.5 +/- 1.2 versus 2.0 +/- 2.4; p < 0.05). The ephedrine dose required was higher in non-preloaded patients than in preloaded ones (10.0 +/- 12.2 versus 2.6 +/- 6.3 mg; p < 0.05). Time until presentation of hypotension was longer for non-preloaded patients., Conclusions: For patients undergoing outpatient surgery, fluid preloading with 500 ml of Hartman's solution decreases both the incidence and severity of hypotension, as well as the need for vasoactive drugs after epidural anesthesia.

The authors present an observation of omphalopagus conjoined twins with successful separation. They comment on the etiopathogenic factors, obstetrical problems, investigation of the extent of the union and operative timing.