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Os Planos Diretores Municipais devem integrar as diretrizes presentes nos Planos de Recursos Hídricos, identificando instrumentos de controle e fiscalização, por meio dos quais os cidadãos e a administração pública possam fiscalizar e garantir seu efetivo cumprimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi averiguar a relação entre esses instrumentos de planejamento ambiental, tendo como estudo de caso o Plano Diretor Municipal de São José do Rio Preto, SP, situado na Bacia Hidrográfica dos Rios Turvo e Grande (UGRH 15). Para tanto, foi realizada uma análise do histórico da revisão do Plano Diretor Municipal, buscando identificar as possíveis contribuições das informações presentes no Plano de Bacias para a elaboração do diagnóstico e prognóstico do Plano Diretor Municipal. Realizou-se a análise das sinergias existentes em ambos os Planos, em termos de diagnóstico e proposições, nos critérios afeitos aos recursos hídricos, como qualidade e quantidade hídricas, resíduos sólidos, proteção e revegetação de Áreas de Preservação Permanentes, recuperação e prevenção de erosões urbanas e rurais, zoneamento ambiental e outros. Os resultados demonstraram que, para a maioria dos critérios selecionados, houve sinergia parcial ou total entre os Planos, que foram coincidentes, devido à falta de articulação formal. Conclui-se que, por meio da análise do Plano de Bacia do Turvo Grande e do Plano Diretor de São José do Rio Preto, a gestão integrada não ocorreu de forma sistemática, em razão da ausência de participação do Comitê no processo de revisão do Plano Diretor, mesmo que representantes do município nesse órgão estivessem presentes em sua elaboração. Além disso, não há mecanismos formais de articulação entre sistemas de planejamento no país, como a Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica.

Resumen La presente investigación realiza un análisis y caracterización de la calidad de vida urbana de la ciudad de Valparaíso Chile, estudiando el medio ambiente construido considerando una perspectiva multiescalar y transversal, desde el Plan (faja entre el borde mar y el borde acantilado), siendo la zona consolidada de la ciudad, hacia los cerros incendiados en el año 2014. Esto permitirá observar cómo se encuentra conformada la ciudad a 9 años del desastre. En este contexto, el objetivo de la investigación es generar aportes respecto a cómo las condiciones urbanas y la planificación territorial, o falta de ella, inciden en la calidad de vida de los habitantes, afectando la satisfacción de las necesidades humanas. La utilización de un enfoque mixto permitirá combinar el análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de trabajo a partir de cartografía – transecto, entrevista semi-estructurada y estadística descriptiva abarcando el carácter multidimensional de la investigación. AbstractThis research conducted an analysis and characterization of the quality of urban life in the city of Valparaíso Chile, studying the built environment from a cross-sectional and multiscale perspective, from the Plan (the area between the coastline and the cliff edge), being the consolidated area of the city, to the hills burned in 2014. Thus, it will be possible to observe how the city is conformed after 9 years from the disaster. In this context, the objective of the research is to generate contributions regarding how urban conditions and territorial planning, or lack of it, affect the quality of life of the residents, affecting the satisfaction of human needs. The use of a mixed approach will enable the combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis using transect mapping, semi-structured interviews, and descriptive statistics, encompassing the multidimensional nature of the research.

The objective of this paper is to evaluate, considering the local population’s view, urban projects carried out by public–private partnerships, in particular Cais Mauá and Pontal do Estaleiro, and to verify whether those projects meet communities’ needs. Data were collected by means of online questionnaires and interviews and were analyzed using Kendall’s W statistical test and considering the frequencies and meanings of the mentioned aspects. Results show that, despite having well-assessed elements, the projects, in general, do not match with the population’s interests, mainly due to the presence of buildings that pursue the profitability of space to the detriment of more public and cultural spaces, and green areas.

Through a case study of the sidewalk in the Mexico City metropolitan area, we use the notion of hybrid order to understand the variable place that mobility and public space occupy in the ongoing logics of the material, social and cultural production of different sidewalks. This proposal contributes to a critique of European-centric conceptions of public spaces and underlying dichotomies. The production and governance of sidewalks are inscribed within a culture of informality common in Latin American, but the concept of hybrid order can be extended to other objects and other contexts. We conclude that the interest in walking and the sidewalk can lead to a disruption of the conventional hierarchy that places at the bottom end of governance the management of uses, by integrating it upstream in the decision-making, planning and design processes.

Abstract The socio-economic-environmental performance indicators have proved to be an important tool for monitoring and deciding in the management of cities, aiming at a more sustainable urban development. ISO 37120 represents a milestone in the standardization of sustainability indicators, enabling the comparison between different locations. The purpose of this study is to apply ISO 37120 to Rio de Janeiro and to analize both this process and the city’s performance in the Latin American scenario. There was an extensive documentary research to calculate the indicators of Rio de Janeiro. The comparison was made among Latin American cities that already had applied the standard and was based on standardized core indicators grouped according to sustainability axes. The application of the standard revealed weaknesses in obtaining data for Rio de Janeiro and managed to identify the city’s strengths and weaknesses in comparison with the others.

Abstract The growing interest in urban agriculture (UA) over the past decades is followed by increase in regulations. Yet, there has been no systematic documentation and featuring of several UA laws that have emerged in Brazil, or of their association with urban planning. We developed a framework to understand the profile of federal and state UA laws in order to shine light on this gap in the literature. Therefore, we cataloged and analyzed the laws we have found. Based on the results, there is still no coordinated national policy to it. We also found that these laws cover several production practices under UA’s wide umbrella. They only vaguely mention their interfaces with urban-policy legal frameworks, and they do not clearly address territorial challenges to UA implementation.

This article reflects on the concepts of “educational landscapes” and “socio-spatial educational environments” and how they can in-form the practice of architecture and urban planning for the promo-tion of a sustainable and balanced urban development. Following a brief conceptual discussion and presentation of case studies in Germany and Peru, it is recognized that space is an educational cat-egory inasmuch as education is a spatial category. In broad terms, the article concludes that, while progress has been made in the promotion and achievement of educational landscapes and socio-spatial educational environments, significant challenges remain to integrate them more decisively and substantively as valuable re-sources into architecture and urban planning practice and there-with to urban development processes.

The normative urban rule is a technical and hygienic rule which is essentially concerned with the rights to build on the land. Designed according to a purely quantitative vision, it constitutes a rigid regulation which imposes itself as a constraint devoid of meaning. Its dysfunctions and failures have led to its rejection and the emergence of a new trend: the urban project. This concept was nourished by the theoretical debates on historic centres in Italy around the 1960s. Following the example of Algerian cities, Annaba has witnessed the emergence of various emblematic projects in recent years. In order to know whether the approach followed is that of an urban project, a comparison of urban management between Annaba and three European cities has been made in this work. This study allows for the redefinition of the existing urban planning tools in order to put in place other innovative and more efficient ones.

Abstract Although it is a promising theory for understanding complex ongoing political processes, historical institutionalism has rarely been used to adress urban management and urban planning issues. We aim to (re)construct the trajectory of management and dissemination of communication and information technologies (ICTs) in Curitiba to identify critical junctures and events. Methodologically, it is a case study based on documents and discourse analysis. The results show that Curitiba used to be avant-garde in technological diffusion but today it develops more responsive than anticipatory actions; over time, the role of technology diffusion and management shifted from the urban management and planning structure to the direct municipal administration structure; technological initiatives have always taken place and are taking place sharply and decentrally for the consolidation of an ecosystem; the ideals of forming a digital or a smart city were motivators of Curitiba’s current situation. The ideology underlying the game of politicians and party affiliations has been put aside in alignments of local groups to carry out technological adjustments; and that the management and diffusion of ICTs remain controversial in political disputes. The conclusion is that the political-technology dyad has absorbed the impacts of critical events, resulting in the remodeling of municipal institutions and organizations linked to the management and diffusion of ICTs that also need to deal with the game of interests and external pressures.

This research seeks to make evident the intimate connection between sustainable development and democratic concretization, characterized here not only by the electoral process, but also by a permanent dialogical relation between the State and civil society. The emphasis of the reflection is set on the local aspect with the purpose of studying forms of effective democratization of the urban space, and the possible means of achieving it. The starting point for this work is the hypothesis that the city is a space and territory in dispute, which reflects in contrasting expressions such as being the place of violations and denial of a dignified life, and yet, an environment of expansion of dignities and liberties. Therefore, what will be analyzed are the possible strategies to be elaborated, considering democratic planning and transforming institutional proposals, in order to enable the creation of a formal channel which effectively instrumentalizes dialogue with city population, considering all participants of the scenario, from the individual, to the private sector, up until, finally, the public power, which manages the public space. The following research is qualitative and deductive, adopting the procedures of bibliographic and documental research.

Os caóticos processos de urbanização no Brasil acarretaram em inúmeros problemas no espaço urbano atual, como o espraiamento das cidades. A partir desta problemática, emerge a necessidade de se aperfeiçoar métodos de planejamento urbano capazes de garantir o desenvolvimento sustentável. Nesse sentido, entendendo que uma possível solução seja a densificação urbana, o presente trabalho com recorte no bairro Santa Maria em Uberlândia-MG, Brasil, simula com base em agentes a repercussão desta densificação, mais especificamente seus impactos diretos no trânsito local. Os resultados obtidos expressam que a infraestrutura urbana atual não seria capaz de comportar tal crescimento populacional, ocasionando novos problemas como conurbação e sobrecarregamento dos serviços. Portanto, apesar de assertivo, o adensamento deverá ocorrer em etapas e com distribuição uniforme pela cidade, garantindo que nenhuma região sobrecarregue outra para compensar.

Resumen Esta comunicación tiene como objeto el origen y planteamiento metodológico de una investigación predoctoral en desarrollo, que aborda las principales transformaciones urbano-territoriales de la Región de Murcia en las últimas décadas y su relación con las dinámicas socioeconómicas y políticas en un contexto de neoliberalización, evaluando el papel del planeamiento urbanístico y la ordenación territorial en su implementación, con especial atención al desarrollo territorial de la agroindustria destinada a la exportación, los procesos de urbanización y el modelo turístico litoral. El análisis de estos procesos y de su papel en el colapso medioambiental posibilita el desarrollo de un diagnóstico integral que identifique cuáles son las líneas de actuación posibles desde el planeamiento urbano y territorial, permitiendo poner en marcha estrategias de mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático para hacer frente a la transición ecológica en la Región de Murcia desde parámetros de eficacia medioambiental y justicia social. Abstract The purpose of this communication is the origin and methodological approach of a predoctoral research in development, which addresses the main urban-territorial transformations of the Region of Murcia in recent decades and their relationship with socioeconomic and political dynamics in a context of neoliberalization, evaluating the role of urban and territorial planning in its implementation, with special attention to the territorial development of agro-industry for export, urbanization processes and the coastal tourism model. The analysis of these processes and their role in the environmental collapse makes possible the development of an integral diagnosis that identifies the possible lines of action from the urban and territorial planning, allowing the implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies to climate change to face the ecological transition in the Region of Murcia from parameters of environmental efficiency and social justice.

This paper focuses on the demolition of boulevards and the construction of flyovers in Madrid. These two engineering works are part of a concept of modernization based on private transport that was promoted during the 1960’s which resulted in a serious urban crisis. The concept of the “urban” is seen as a global phenomenon embedded in wider historical processes that went beyond the Spanish national background: this transformation was a result of the solutions given by traffic engineering and urban planning. These two branches of international knowledge shared a same tendency to prioritize driver’s interests at the expense of pedestrians, who were pushed out of the streets. Moreover, the reliance on private transport failed to organize communications between the center and the outskirts of Madrid, regarded as a metropolitan area. The local authorities used propaganda to legitimize its idea of modernization. However, a wave of discomfort spread across the citizens and was channeled into open criticism of the flyovers. This unease can be linked to a general rejection of the practical applications of post-World War II urban planning.

The impact of the covid-19 pandemic has made the concept of “urban resilience”even more relevant as one of the keys to the future of our urban areas. Given that they were already evident, the measures to be adopted to contain the pandemic have clarified the limited capacity of our cities to respond to specific and/or structural problems. This article has made it possible to analyse and make visible the different approaches, dimensions, and fields to resilience in the international, European and national reference framework documents that provide guidelines for future urban intervention in our cities

The COVID-19pandemichas generated a change in the urban paradigm, leaving evidence of the need to plan and redesign cities under the concepts of "caring city" and "healthy city", in order to adapt and make them resilient to the new post pandemic reality. To support this idea, this document studies –by means of a questionnaire–the assessment that the citizens of the city of Zaragoza make of their urban green areas before, during and after confinement, as key public spaces for the development of urban life and support in the planning processes of the "healthy city" by allowing the maintenance of the minimum social distance of safety and promoting the health and physicaland mental well-being of the population

Climate change is a multidimensional observable fact and is regarded as one of the greatest challenge human societies is facing in the 21st century. Debates on climate change advocate that urban areas not only contribute to climate change by emitting huge amounts of carbon-dioxide gas into the atmosphere, but also play a vital role in addressing climate change. This research investigates whether local urban planning policies in master plans target climate change mitigation and adaptation. Accordingly, this research undertook a qualitative content analysis of the policy framework of master plans that are involved in the sample and developed climate change mitigation indexes for all the sampled master plans by assessing urban policies against climate change mitigation evaluation protocols. This research significantly contributes to the field of urban planning and public policy by developing empirical evidence that analyzes the relationship between urban planning policies and climate change mitigation and adaptation. This research supports the use of master plans as an effective tool in mitigating and adapting to climate change and has an implication for mainstreaming climate change mitigation and adaptation in urban planning.

The article presents the results of a study aimed at investigating the engagement networks activated in the planning process of the territories affected by the 2016 earthquake in the Marche region. The research objective is to reflect on communication strategies implemented by a selection of municipal administrations to promote transparency and information sharing and, at the same time, citizen participation in design and planning processes. The results highlight the emergence of an all-of-society engagement approach, to experiment and co-create with a renewed relationship between institutions, science, and local communities.

Resumen Este trabajo analiza el concepto de Gran Propiedad entendido como expresión de un capital en suelo vinculada al alto consumo de espacio que requieren determinadas actividades. El recorrido emprendido se basa en una doble propuesta. Primero, la tipificación de Gran Propiedad en función de los diferentes capitales en suelo que representan (industrial-propietario de suelo, comercial, financiero y pequeño), cuya yuxtaposición, en un mismo ámbito urbano, revela el proceso de construcción histórico de la ciudad. Segundo, el análisis de los procesos que se suceden en su uso (construcción, abandono y regeneración), entendidos como momentos en los que se han manifestado otras tantas maneras de entender la construcción de la ciudad, todo ello, en paralelo a las transformaciones urbanísticas que se han llevado a cabo por exigencias de renta, es decir, por los beneficios que demandaban las grandes propiedades implicadas. Esta manera de abordar la comprensión de la ciudad, desde su producción-reproducción y como producto social, constituye uno de los logros más destacados del trabajo: la construcción histórica de la ciudad implica, también, su desmantelamiento, abandono y ruina, como otros tantos procesos inmobiliarios que desembocan en su regeneración con el objetivo de fortalecerla como ámbito espacial de clase. Abstract This work addresses the concept of Great Property understood as a piece of land demanded by activities that need to consume a large amount of space and as capital. The research formulated two proposals. The first is the typification of great property according to the different land capitals it represents (industrial-land owner, commercial, financial and small). Their juxtaposition in the same urban area reveals the historical city-making process. The second is the analysis of the processes that occur in the great property’s lifetime (construction, abandonment, and regeneration). Each process is tied to specific ways to conduct the city-making process and the urban transformations carried out on a speculative basis, i.e. on the profits demanded by great properties. This way of approaching the understanding of the city intended as a social product, i.e. from its production-reproduction, constitutes one of the most outstanding achievements of this work. The relevance of the historical city-making implies also its dismantling, abandonment, and ruin understood as real estate processes that lead to a profit-driven regeneration for providing wealth.

Green spaces in cities are seen as beneficial to, for example, the microclimate, human health, and ecological networks. In this sense, this study aims to evaluate the relationship between urban green areas (UGA) and the effectively urbanized area (EUA) in the city of Rio Grande, in the extreme south of Brazil. The following indicators were used: UGA per inhabitant and per 100,000 inhabitants, the percentage of UGA in the urban perimeter, and according to a radius of influence (buffers). Voronoi diagrams were also generated to verify the UGA concentration or dispersion, and the relationship with socioeconomic indicators (population density and average income). The results: 1) 59.82 Ha of UGA/100,000 inhab.; 2) 5.98 m² of UGA/inhabitant; 3) 2.45% UGA in the EUA; 4) 50.00% and 84.13% of the EUA covered by radii of influence of 300 m and 1200 m from the UGA; 5) and 67.59% of the EUA by radii of influence of 1 km of UGA > 1 Ha. These values are considered low but in line with the values found for other Brazilian cities or in other countries. Therefore, it is expected to contribute to the debate related to the theme and actions to improve the cities quality and distribution of green spaces.

This publication is an introduction to Urban Forest Management: A Primer to Strategic Planning for Municipal Governments, available in full for free here: https://ffgs.ifas.ufl.edu/urbanforestmanagementbook/.

Since their inception, various urban planning laws have focused on meeting the growth needs of cities, with urban planning as a discipline paying minimal attention to rural settlement planning. It can, therefore sound clichéd to say that urban planning legislation has been mainly concerned with regulating urban and developable land, with residual or negative status being given to undevelopable or rural land. This has had major territorial impacts that continue to this day. The proposed subject of this paper is considered timely and topical, and its main objective is to analyse whether the planning instruments proposed in the Law for the Promotion of Territorial Sustainability in Andalusia (LISTA, acronym in Spanish) for rural settlements and scattered buildings can help regulate rural land dynamics in Andalusia. To do so, we will first model the patterns of settlement formation and isolated dwellings on rural land using geostatistical methods, and then carry out an analysis of the provisions of these latest rural land management laws, which will affect the planning regulations of this land in the coming years.

Neste artigo, discutimos o processo de produção de centralidades de negócios em áreas anteriormente não-centrais de São Paulo. Considerando a tendência a uma nova expansão do eixo espacial da metrópole que concentra atividades de comando de grandes empresas, o chamado Vetor Sudoeste, analisamos o projeto de intervenção urbana Arco Jurubatuba, plano de reestruturação urbana proposto em 2018. Este projeto visa uma área que identificamos como fronteira sul do Vetor Sudoeste e as suas proposições parecem favorecer o avanço de uma frente imobiliária. No entanto, os objetivos e possíveis impactos do projeto não são homogêneos em relação ao território. A fim de compreender os processos de produção da centralidade, debatemos as suas condições, ligadas à concentração de poder econômico e político em determinadas áreas urbanas. Tendo em vista o sentido econômico de tal process, refletimos sobre o papel da centralidade enquanto localização privilegiada, que gera condições de monopólio para determinados setores do mercado imobiliário. Discutimos também a participação fundamental do Estado na atribuição de centralidade a novas partes,, promovendo substituições de usos e elaborando novas imagens e conteúdos simbólicos para o espaço através da mobilização de dispositivos jurídicos e da força repressiva.

Resumen La plaza medieval italiana, cuyo apogeo tiene lugar entre los siglos XIII y XIV e inmediatamente antes de la revolución que va a suponer el quattrocento, constituye uno de los espacios más interesantes de la historia del urbanismo y la arquitectura. Las características que estos conjuntos tienen en común, y las relaciones entre la arquitectura que los conforma y el propio espacio generado por ésta, se analizan aquí a partir de conceptos formales, simbólicos o puramente prácticos. El objetivo es poner de relieve la compleja relación entre la arquitectura singular y representativa presente en las plazas y el propio espacio urbano, señalando patrones, criterios y mecanismos comunes que ayuden a comprender su riqueza espacial y formal. Abstract The Italian medieval square, whose heyday takes place between the 13th and 14th centuries and immediately before the revolution that will bring about the quattrocento, is one of the most interesting spaces in history of architecture and urban planning. The characteristics that these ensembles have in common, and the relationships between the architecture that makes them up and the space generated by it, are analyzed here through formal, symbolic or purely practical concepts. The objective is to highlight the complex relationship between the singular and representative architecture present in the squares and the urban space itself, pointing out common patterns, criteria and mechanisms that help to understand their spatial and formal richness.

The paper exposes an intervention proposal for an urban park in the city of Latacunga, Cotopaxi (Ecuador). The potential intervention seeks to promote the appropriation of public space where people and future users act as protagonists of the change, by contributing ideas and initiatives to create a place that considers their opinions, needs and suggestions. In order to achieve this, the proposal used the Wayfinder methodology, an avant-garde approach that assesses, plans, and acts in social-ecological systems to achieve sustainable, safe and fair transformations. Likewise, it proposes tactical urbanism activities as practical strategies to accomplish the project’s objective. The paper concludes that an intervention of this type is viable and capable of generating outstanding results regarding urban public space appropriation. Being viable, it is established that it can be executed in the short term, in accordance with the guidelines presented in the text.

After an introduction on the main morphogenetic features of rural space, this article presents some typical morphological problems in small rural municipalities, such as the situations we have called semi-urban blocks, linear formations or large urban blocks. To do so, we analyse the treatment of these problems in the urban planning in force in several specific Spanish municipalities. Through the cases analysed, the insufficiency of the traditional urban planning tools in Spain is verified, both in the technique of classification or delimitation of urban land, as in the detailed management proposals for the treatment of semi-urban blocks and large urban blocks.

Local planning in Ecuador has undergone major changes as a result of the approval of the “Ley Orgánica de Ordenamiento Territorial, Uso y Gestión de Suelo” (Local Territorial Planning and Land Management Organic Law) and by the development of new planning instruments such as the “Land Use and Management Plan” and the “Territorial Development and Management Plan”. As a result, planning at the “cantonal” (municipal) level has become more complex and local administrations are having trouble in completing these documents. This article wants to figure out the causes of these difficulties and show that the current legislation is muddled by the uselessness of the required planning instruments and because of the mistaken conflation of short term development planning with long term territorial management. Following a close analysis of legislative texts and other written documents, the article reconstructs the evolution of Ecuadorian legislation and the process that shaped the current “cantonal” (municipal) planning system. The serious inconsistencies of the current legal framework are exposed and the problems it provokes are shown. This validates the need to reform the system in order to make it more workable and operational.

This paper investigates the effects of street alignment buildings and different front setbacks on the perception of the aesthetics of the public open space according to groups of people with different levels and types of educational background. The study was carried out in the Cidade Baixa neighborhood, Porto Alegre/RS, from the selection of six interfaces with the following characteristics: buildings with different alignments (maximum 6m); buildings aligned and set back (maximum 6m) in relation to the public sidewalk and buildings in alignment with the public sidewalk. Data were collected through questionnaires for residents of Porto Alegre / RS. The results indicate a greater appreciation of architects for orderly buildings and with a direct relationship with the street, while non-architects gave greater preference to the existence of front setbacks and vegetation.

This article aims to investigate the flexibilization of urban planning instruments in relation to urban density. To this end, it takes as a case study the city of Passo Fundo / RS, where it was observed that the Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Integrado (PDDI), instituted in 2006, went through a series of changes related to the proposed urban regime. To achieve the objective, legal acts were analyzed, identifying those related to the planning of urban densities. Subsequently, synthesis maps of urban indexes were used, making it possible to spatialize the changes and analyze them comparatively. Finally, through the Spatial Syntax Analysis, it was possible to characterize the locations in terms of their integration / segregation. As a conclusion, it was found that the flexibilization of the PDDI occurred mainly in areas of low integration and that its appropriation to urban materiality already occurs, mainly due to the type of condominiums of the Minha Casa, Minha Vida program, destined to low / medium income.

This paper explores how and why pedagogues within universities can and need to work as ‘one amongst many’ to advance critical pedagogies for urban equality. The discussion draws on two contrasting experiences: the networked schools of the Habitat International Coalition in Latin America (HIC-AL) – a coalition of civil society organizations, social movements and universities working in defense of habitat-related human rights – and the co-learning processes with housing rights activists activated by the Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS) – a national education institution committed to the equitable, sustainable and efficient transformation of Indian settlements. Both experiences place emphasis on crafting critical pedagogies that seek to fundamentally disrupt, re-frame and re-position institutional relations of knowledges and learning practices, while advancing capacities for transformative urban change. The analysis demonstrates how epistemic injustices – often proliferated in and by higher education institutions – can be counteracted, and why fostering epistemic justice requires re-positioning universities as one amongst many in a wider ecosystem of urban pedagogies, in open and productive dialogue with new institutional forms that Boaventura de Sousa Santos defines as the ‘pluriversity’ and the ‘subversity’.

Resumen Este artículo toma el modelo de cinturón verde en Vitoria-Gasteiz (País Vasco, España) como un caso de estudio referente en planificación socio-ecológica. Más conocido como Anillo Verde, se analiza aquí con el objeto de contribuir a la revisión crítica de esta figura de planificación e informar su reinvención actual. El artículo presenta una síntesis de los trabajos de análisis y caracterización realizados a partir de la documentación vectorial y cartográfica generada en los primeros veinticinco años de este caso de estudio (1993-2018). Las distintas lecturas que se superponen en su evolución e implementación en el borde urbano, proporcionan los siguientes resultados: (i) muestran aspectos clave tanto en términos de proceso y estrategia, como de diseño y gestión; (ii) plantean la necesidad de una nueva mirada al proceso de planificación como un ensamblaje socio-ecológico complejo que trasciende la rigidez del planeamiento urbano convencional, y (iii) evidencian la necesidad de nuevos planteamientos, mecanismos y figuras que permitan avanzar hacia una integración sistémica entre ciudad y naturaleza. Abstract This paper uses the green belt model in Vitoria-Gasteiz (Basque Country, Spain) as reference case study in socio-ecological planning. The analyses of this better known as “Anillo Verde”, aims to contribute to the critical review of this planning policy and to inform its reinvention. This paper presents a synthesis of the characterization and analysis based on the vector and cartographic documentation generated over the first twenty-five years of this case study (1993-2018). The various methods that overlap in its evolution and implementation on the urban boundary, deliver the following results: (i) They show key lessons in terms of process and strategy, and in terms of design and management; (ii) they uncover the need for a new approach towards the planning process, as a complex social-ecological assemblage that transcends the rigidity of conventional urban planning, and (iii) they demonstrate the need for new mechanisms and policies that allow progress towards a systemic integration between city and nature.

Resumen El artículo explora nuevos métodos de participación que aprovechan las posibilidades de las herramientas web para implicar a la ciudadanía en los procesos de planificación urbana utilizando la metodología del estudio de caso a través de la revisión del Master Plan de Helsinki (Helsinki City Plan 2050). Las distintas herramientas utilizadas en cada fase, especialmente las basadas en Sistemas de Información Geográfica (PPGIS), han sido revisadas para evaluar su contribución al resultado del proceso e identificar las ventajas e inconvenientes que han planteado. Destaca el uso del cuestionario on-line con base cartográfica, una aplicación fácil de usar que presenta muchas posibilidades de análisis y visualización de datos y resultados, pero, sin embargo, los profesionales encuentran dificultades para incorporar los resultados en el documento final. Aspectos como la elección de la herramienta participativa, la preparación del cuestionario, la colaboración de los distintos agentes implicados y la devolución de resultados a la ciudadanía resultan claves para lograr el éxito del proceso. Abstract The research explores new participation methods that use the potential of web tools to engage citizens in urban planning processes using the case study methodology through the Helsinki’s Master Plan Review (Helsinki City Plan 2050). Different participation tools used at every stage, particularly Public Participation Geographic Information System (PPGIS), have been analyzed in order to assess its contribution towards the outcome of the process and identify the advantages and disadvantages raised. The main tool is an on-line map-based survey, an easy-to-use application that offers many possibilities of data analysis and visualization but, however, planners find it difficult to incorporate the results into the final document. The choice of the participatory tool, the preparation of the survey, the collaboration of all stakeholders and reporting sessions to citizens are key issues to achieving the success of the process.

The present work is a summary of a methodological proposal that allows to deal with scientific-quantitative criteria solutions applied to the current problem, covering the issue of the absence of effective architectural-urban design solutions that take advantage or solve the access of natural light and ensure the habitability in urban enclosures allowing its use to capture solar energy. Through simulation, which was developed as a study methodology, the guidelines regarding habitability, health and accessibility guarantees of solar energy, proposed by the Urban Planning Code and its compliance in the Central Area of ​​San Miguel de Tucumán, were reviewed. A systematized simulation process is proposed to analyze the consequences of densification, a product of the construction industry in progress, applying a methodology to investigate the real effects of the implementation of urban planning standards. This allows the analysis of the potential of clean energy production on surfaces exposed to it, the pre-visualization and study of the habitability of high-rise courtyards and the verification of laws that need to be reviewed in order to give a real solution and effective to design and habitability problems.

In every urban planning process, a particular system of values, beliefs and actions underlies the ways of thinking and intervening in the city. The situation, which once again places the City of Buenos Aires in the focus of an epidemic, generates an opportunity for discussion and elaboration of new urban paradigms, for which the local experience of hygienist urban planning is a relevant contribution. In this sense, the objective of this work is to draw an overview of the problems and approaches that most permeated urban planning policies in the City of Buenos Aires in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; in articulation with its socio-spatial configuration, the role of the State and the professionals of the city in the representation and reconfiguration of urban problems, interests and realities. At that time, hygienism crossed the argentine political imaginary, in which the idea that the order of space would become an order of society permeated, and that in de face of the epidemiological crisis, the liberal State should give way to an intervening State for the sanitation of the city. In agreement, the Municipality of Buenos Aires made multiple interventions, physical and regulatory.

Two phenomena undoubtedly represent our times: drones and street art. Both hit the headlines, are viral, versatile; ignoring them is impossible. In recent years, as flagships of technology and contemporary art, they have experienced points of contact and fusion, a kind of ‘symbiotic short circuit’ between the two.On the one hand, the image plane of street art has flipped from vertical to horizontal — roofs, the pavement, basketball courts — so passers by do not see the murals on their walks through the streets, but rather through the computer’s eye, which displays satellite maps and drone footage spread through social networks. On the other hand, the movement of drones has changed from predominantly horizontal to vertical when used as piloted or automated hands to spray the city walls.This paper retraces and reflects on the fusion in progress between street art, urban planning, and drones to investigate how these phenomena are transforming our cities and societal customs in a context where art and technique no longer maintain their established borders and statutes in their traditional form. The text closes with an interview with Giulio Vesprini, an internationally renown Italian street artist and art director of the collective street art project ‘Vedo a Colori – Street Art al Porto’ (Civitanova Marche, since 2009).DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.24.2020.15

The expansion of the production-accumulation system over the past three decades in the Comunidad de Madrid has taken place in a context of absence of a territorial model and with liberal land regulatory, which has facilitated the anthropization of the territory in search of locational advantages. Through an analysis of the regulatory framework and spatial competence levels, the paper shows the conditions and consequences of an urban expansion that has the flow of capital as its main objective.

This paper presents the urban vulnerability assessment as a complementary resource in heritage preservation policies, through the analysis of the thirty-nine medium-sized cities that have been listed as Historical Ensemble in Andalusia (Spain). The research seeks to make a sequential approach that addresses, from the general –the conceptual framework on urban vulnerability and the characterization of the analysis sample– to the particular –the analysis of the socio-economic, socio-demographic or residential vulnerability applied to the intermediate scale which has not been in-deep studied yet–. For this, it proposes to adopt the methodology implemented by the Spanish Ministry of Development in the Atlas of Urban Vulnerability, providing a territorial lecture of the results. The study concludes that medium-sized cities do not present a level of vulnerability lower to the largest ones but detecting specific urban weaknesses that should be addressed to improve the response of these cities to heritage preservation.

Translational ecology is an approach according to scientists, decision-makers, legislators, and managers work together to solve sociological, ecological, and politician environmental problems. Research projects in this approach are characterized by long-term partnerships between research institutions, legislators, and managers. In this essay, we present and discuss 10 successful research projects with a translational ecological approach, conducted in partnership among the graduate programs of Geography, and Environmental Management and Technology of UFMT, European universities, the Environmental Steering Committee, Public Ministry of the State of Mato Grosso, and County Secretary of Environment of Rondonópolis.

The issue is presented to understand urban planning and how to draw new perspectives so that, through full technological use, improvements are sought for everyday life. However, it fails by segregating the ‘smart’ concept from society's ecosystem relationship with nature. The city is vital, dynamic and democratic, it comes from the symbiotic relationship of coexistence amid anthropic and natural environments thus requiring multifunctionality and dynamics of users. This paper presents a brief reflection about smart biophilic cities, analyzing the medium-sized cities from the perspective of resilient cities, and their conceptual applicability.

This text analyzes the revision process of the São Luis, Maranhão Master Plan, which, approved in 2006 with the support of popular movements, is now at a time of social demobilization to express private capital interests in alliance with the state and municipal public authorities. Aiming to expand the international insertion of Maranhão, the proposal expands the urban perimeter as a strategy for millionaire businesses in a context of public fiscal crisis, threatening traditional rural communities and environmental resources under state and federal protection. After analyzing the process in the City Council and in Public Hearings, the text exposes the history of the master plan in São Luis, responsible for unequal urban structure of the city and notes the socio-environmental consequences of the current proposal, far beyond the control of outdated technical capacity and critical financial situation of municipal management.

The main theme of this article is the frequent lack of adequate and effective public dialogue and participation within the schemes of the contemporary urban planning practices referred as neoliberal hegemony of urbanization (Brenner and Theodore, 2005, Miles, 2004, Fezer, 2010). On the other side we can observe artists-led cultural methodologies, seen as an independent and alternative engagement with the creative processes of the urbanization through participative methods of public pedagogy integrally connected to larger social movements (Evans and Shaw, 2004; Kester 2004, Sholette, 2005, Mouffe, 2008, Lacy, 2010).This article aims to contribute the established methodology of urban planning through enhancing understanding values of the critical, activist art practices, which challenge the dominant views and practices of a hegemonic city by integrating socio-spatial reflections in interdisciplinary ways associated with urban development planning and more importantly enabling their deeper engagement in the processes of urbanisation.The empirical context of this study is the urban regeneration planning process of the former Gdansk Shipyard area (in Poland) as the example of the neoliberal hegemony of urbanization related to the problem of the expert-led business driven formal process with the exclusion of former shipbuilders and the general public from the participation in this process.In this article I argue, that in current turn towards wider public participation in the creative processes of the urban planning and urbanization, the innovative ways of thinking, together with specific tactics, practical methods, techniques and tools used by critical artists and activists could be shared and effectively utilised by urban planners, architects and designers.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.23.2019.11

In Brazil, about 24% of the population declares to have some type of disability. In this context, the urban infrastructure of the cities must be prepared for the mobility of these people. Displacement made on foot is often faced by non-existent or impassable sidewalks, making it a risk for pedestrians. The objective of this research was to analyze the conditions of sidewalks located in the surroundings of the places Raposo Tavares, and Napoleão Moreira da Silva located in the ZCC in the city of Maringá, regarding accessibility and other normative criteria established by NBR 9050 (2015) and NRM U-20001 (2016). The methodological procedures included an on-site survey, in which the conditions of the sidewalks were observed and compared with the requirements established by the technical standards. The results demonstrated the existence of non-compliance in both analyzed areas.

Resumen Con la aprobación del primer texto de la LOTAU hace más de veinte años, ha transcurrido el tiempo suficiente para que nos permita analizar los efectos que ha tenido esta legislación autonómica de Castilla la Mancha sobre los municipios de pequeño tamaño en la provincia de Cuenca, reflejados en el planeamiento de una muestra significativa de ellos, aprobados durante el primer decenio del siglo XXI, esto es, al poco de entrar en vigor la LOTAU. A partir del análisis de una legislación que pierde sentido en ausencia de presión urbanística se pueden identificar una serie de conflictos a la hora de materializar sus disposiciones en forma de planeamientos locales, que está contribuyendo sin duda a modificar el paisaje rural de los pequeños municipios y a la pérdida de los valores culturales y tradicionales de los núcleos.Por último, se incluye un análisis de una serie de documentos de referencia para la elaboración a partir del mismo de una propuesta de planeamiento alternativo que ponga en valor las cuestiones anteriormente expuestas frente al simple control del aprovechamiento lucrativo, enfrentándolo además con un planeamiento realizado siguiendo la disposición de la legislación autonómica en un municipio seleccionado dentro de la provincia de Cuenca. Abstract As it has been more than twenty years ago since the first version of the LOTAU was approved, it has been time enough to analyze the effects this autonomous law from Castilla la Mancha had over the small sized municipalities into the province of Cuenca, taking a look at the master plan of a significant sample of them, which has been approved along the first decade of 21st century, this is, shortly after the LOTAU came into force. From the analysis of the autonomous law, which loses meaning in the absence of urban pressure, some conflicts can be detected as we examine local planning which introduce its guidelines. This is taking an important part in the modification of rural landscape of small municipalities and in the loss of cultural and traditional values of these towns. Finally, an analysis of some reference works is included and from it, an alternative municipal master plan could be elaborated which takes care on the previous issues against the simple control of the expansion based models; also facing this alternative master plan with the draft of an autonomous law based one in a selected municipality from the province of Cuenca.

The urban environment, understood as the environment changed by man, is represented by the city as a space for coexistence of individuals, endowed with an entire infrastructure composed of public goods and services, which aim at the well-being of its inhabitants. When people effectively participate in decision-making interest in cities, they feel more responsible for the outcome of their decisions, providing a political maturity of the population. In both Brazil and Portugal, the Master Plan is the main instrument for planning and regulating cities and the urban environment. The difference between them may lie in the fact that Brazil is one step ahead with popular participation in urban planning and participatory budgeting, probably due to the political and socio-economic characteristics of the country, and the needs that this condition imposes on its inhabitants. Regardless of both Brazil and Portugal already make great efforts in this direction, and the question of community involvement in the decision-making process, urban planning, and participatory budgeting is already addressed and considered (although at different levels, stages, and legal formalization), there is still much to be done in this direction to ensure the effective participation of the population in the construction and evolution of cities