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Introduction and purpose: Hirschsprung's disease, also known as congenital aganglionic megacolon, is a rare congenital disorder that affects the large intestine. Due to the absence of ganglion cells, the affected segment of the colon becomes narrow and unable to relax. The disease is present from birth but may not always be immediately apparent. In this paper, we will attempt to present the current state of knowledge regarding the diagnosis and treatment of Hirschsprung's disease, based on the analysis of literature available on the PubMed platform. Description of the state of knowledge: Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR), also known as congenital aganglionosis of the colon, involves abnormal migration, proliferation, and differentiation of neural crest cells, leading to the absence of autonomic nerve ganglia within the colon. HSCR is associated with mutations in several genes, with RET, GDNF, EDNRB and SOX10 being identified as the main causes of the disease. Mutations in the RET gene are associated with the hereditary form of Hirschsprung's disease. Symptoms of HSCR appear in newborns and may include bilious vomiting, diarrhea associated with enterocolitis, failure to pass meconium within the first 24 hours of life, impaired peristalsis, jaundice, feeding difficulties, and progressive abdominal distension. Summary: Diagnosis is typically made based on clinical presentation, imaging studies, and biopsy. Treatment usually involves surgery to remove the affected segment of the colon and reconnect the healthy portions. Although postoperative complications are relatively common, long-term studies suggest that the majority of children with Hirschsprung's disease function well in society.

Introduction and purpose: Baclofen is a derivative of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It is a spasmolytic drug that reduces skeletal muscle tension and is used in spasticity. Despite its many positive functions, its use is associated with a risk of side effects. The aim of this work is to gain a better understanding of baclofen and to highlight the toxicity and dangers of its misuse. Material and methods: The study was retrospective in nature. It used an analysis of the records of 11648 intoxications in patients hospitalised from 01.04.2013 to 01.04.2023 in the Clinical Toxicology and Cardiology Department of the Stefan Cardinal Wyszyński Provincial Hospital in Lublin, from which a group of baclofen intoxicated patients (T55), consisting of 19 cases, was distinguished. Results: The study population consisted of 10 women (52.63%) and 9 men (47.37%), aged between 16 and 83 years. The largest group consisted of patients aged up to 30 years - 9 patients (47.37%). The majority of patients - 11 patients (59.89%) were in a severe condition. An overwhelming number reported intentional poisoning - 16 cases (84.21%), including five suicide attempts (31.25%). Patients took other drugs and medicines in addition to baclofen. The most common was ethanol - 8 people (42.11%), followed by NSAIDs - 5 people (26.32%). Conclusions: In order to prevent complications following the use of baclofen, it is very important to educate patients, their family members and the general public about the mechanism of action of the drug itself, its function on the body and the risks of taking it. Prophylactic measures and education on how to deal with poisoning situations are necessary, as they are entirely preventable with immediate diagnosis and treatment.

Introduction and purpose: Detergents are compounds that constitute the main component of cleaning products. Due to their varied chemical structure, they have different functions and a wide range of applications. The aim of this study is to draw attention to the problem of toxic effects of detergents on the basis of analysis of cases of detergent poisoning by patients of the Toxicology and Cardiology Ward of the Stefan Cardinal Wyszyński Provincial Hospital in Lublin. Material and methods: The study was retrospective in nature. It used an analysis of the medical records of 11707 intoxications in patients between 01.01.2013 and 31.12.2022, from which a group of individuals with a diagnosis of T55 according to the ICD 10 classification "Toxic effects of soaps and detergents" consisting of 36 cases was selected. Results: The study population consisted of 18 (50%) women and 18 (50%) men. The majority- 19 patients (52.78%) were exposed to the toxic effects of detergents accidentally. 10 patients (27.78%) were suicide attempts. Accompanying medical conditions were mostly psychiatric disorders, with alcohol dependence syndrome predominating - 9 cases (25%). The majority - 33 patients (91.67%) intoxified themselves with detergents in the form of liquids and solids by the oral route . Conclusions: Despite their usefulness in households and industry, detergents contribute to adverse health effects in situations of accidental exposure or intentional intake. In order to reduce the number of complications, preventive measures should be implemented - such as storing detergents in less accessible areas, in original boxes with retained labels, and increasing funding for psychological-psychiatric care in a crisis situation.

Introduction: Poisonings with non-beverage alcohols remain a significant problem in contemporary toxicology. Due to the large quantity and severe course of intoxications with methanol, the authors of this study focused primarily on poisonings with this substance. Methanol is widely used in industry. Its toxicity is attributed to its metabolites - formaldehyde and formic acid. Poisonings with methanol often lead to the patient's death due to a wide range of complications associated with progressive metabolic acidosis. Material and Methods: The study is of a retrospective nature. It involved the analysis of medical records of patients admitted to the department of toxicology in 2022 after the consumption of non-beverage alcohols, with a particular focus on methanol. Data on the number of individuals admitted due to non-beverage alcohol intoxication between 2018 and 2022 was also analyzed. Results: Over the last 5 years (2018-2022), 36 individuals were hospitalized in the Clinical Toxicological-Cardiological Department due to non-beverage alcohol poisoning, with 16 (44.4%) cases involving methanol. In the year 2022, the department admitted 10 individuals aged 18 to 68, and 5 (50%) of them consumed methanol. Among the hospitalized, 90% were male, and 60% came from rural areas. Deliberate intoxications accounted for 70% of the cases. Four hospitalizations (40%) resulted in patient death. All deaths were associated with methanol intoxication. Conclusions: Non-beverage alcohol is often used by people with alcohol dependence syndrome. Among non-beverage alcohols, patients most often reached for methanol. Its consumption is associated with a high mortality rate and should be taken very seriously and treated immediately.

Ao final da formação inicial docente, alguns estudantes já têm delineada a trajetória profissional a ser seguida. Uma das possibilidades que se apresenta aos futuros professores de Educação Física é a atuação na Educação Especial. Esse estudo tem por objetivo relatar a experiência de um professor de Educação Física atuante na Educação Especial, nas funções de professor e de gestor. Vislumbra-se propor uma reflexão acerca dos elementos que favoreceram a aquisição de competências profissionais no início da docência. O relato de experiência configura-se como narrativa, descrevendo experiência, lugar e tempo, com aporte teórico, legitimando ações e fenômenos científicos. As competências adquiridas na prática docente e na função de gestor configuram-se, através dos processos descritivo e reflexivo, como saberes oriundos da prática, podendo ser materializados. Ao final do estudo, verifica-se que a diversidade de ações possibilitou a aquisição das competências, consideradas em cada contexto de intervenção.

This review presents the book Judô: caminho das medalhas, written by PhD Professor Alexandre Velly Nunes, published in Brazilian Portuguese in 2013 by Kazuá. This work comes from the doctoral research of the author, who interviewed about 90 personages from the history of Brazilian judo in four years of studies. The objective was to present the origins of this sport in the country based on the oral history of the life of Brazilian athletes, who were medalists in World Championships and Olympic Games, and their sensei. I make a brief presentation of the author and summarize the contents of the book, followed by my comments and conclusion.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as preocupações de professores de Educação Física considerando o nível de ensino e o vínculo empregatício. Participaram do estudo 61 professores de Educação Física de Balneário Camboriú, SC. Na coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário sociodemográfico e a Escala de Preocupações de Professores. Os resultados indicaram que os professores eram muito preocupados com a tarefa e o impacto e observou-se associação significativa da dimensão consigo com o nível de ensino, enquanto que em relação ao vínculo empregatício dos professores investigados constatou-se associação significativa com a dimensão tarefa. Conclui-se que os diferentes níveis de atuação e o tipo de vínculo empregatício podem interferir nas inquietações associadas aos docentes.

Na década de 1910, foi publicada em Porto Alegre/RS a revista Kodak, um semanário ilustrado dedicado às artes e à literatura, em cujas páginas estariam ausentes as ‘cores políticas’. Tal determinação editorial acabou contrariada, pois foram numerosas as referências textuais e visuais à política na revista. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar as manifestações desta natureza no primeiro semestre da publicação, indagar os usos e funções que elas podem ter desempenhado e o papel que podem ter conferido à Kodak naquele contexto.

O objetivo central deste artigo é apresentar algumas das práticas que caracterizaram a exploração comercial das imagens ópticas em Porto Alegre, particularmente das vistas fixas de lanterna mágica, exibidas em espetáculos públicos de projeções realizados entre 1861 e 1908. A identificação dos usos e associações que dinamizaram aquela experiência em dois contextos distintos, anterior e posterior à introdução do cinema na cidade(1896), permite observar as continuidades e transformações nos modos de mostrar e de ver, e suas implicações na constituição da visualidade moderna.