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The use of online platforms by the European Commission, particularly during the Russia-Ukraine crisis in the context of the digital age, offers informative insights about current crisis communication. Between February 1 and October 26, 2022, this study analysed the Commission’s activities on the primary platforms, Facebook and Twitter. To carry out this analysis, the study used RStudio and the SentimentAnalysis package within R. The Blake & Mouton’s Grid was additionally employed as a reference point to extract the strategic dimensions. The data revealed distinct usage patterns by the Commission: Twitter acted as a channel for quick and immediate updates, making use of its real-time communication capabilities, while Facebook was used for more detailed conversations with a wider audience. Regarding sentiment, most of the Commission’s communications had a neutral or positive tone. Nevertheless, there were cases where certain critical issues prompted the Commission to take definite positions, providing insight into their strategic intent and priorities. To summarise, the European Commission’s online communication during the relevant period showed an informed and platform-specific methodology. Through comprehending and improving the platforms' functionalities and audience preferences, the Commission established a communication structure that can be utilised as a model for entities that intend to simplify their digital interaction procedures, particularly in the event of a crisis.

Dentro de las diversas corrientes artísticas que se incorporaron al modernismo sin excluirse mutuamente, destaca el simbolismo francés cuyo ingreso en la década de 1890 resultó crucial en la poesía hispanoamericana y en la de Rubén Darío. En vista de la importancia de Darío como mediador estético transatlántico de finales del siglo XIX, el presente artículo intenta estudiar lo que le aportó y no le aportó el simbolismo francés. El argumento de este estudio se centra en el punto de encuentro entre la poética de Darío y el maestro simbolista Stéphane Mallarmé. A través de una investigación en el archivo periodístico del escritor Rubén Darío, la autora desvela cómo los principios del simbolismo se tornaron constituyentes del concepto del arte del poeta. Se evidencia, además, por su lectura de la obra dariana, que Darío no se identificó con el tema de la “nada”, de acuerdo a la tradición simbolista, y se examina el contexto cultural hispanoamericano en el que se insertan dichas deslecturas. Este análisis contribuirá a elucidar claramente la peculiaridad de la poética hispanoamericana en el panorama de la literatura mundial. Abstract Among the various artistic currents that were incorporated into Modernismo without excluding each other, French Symbolism stands out, and its entry in the 1890s was crucial in Hispanic-American poetry and in Rubén Darío’s. In light of Darío’s importance as a transatlantic aesthetic mediator at the end of the nineteenth century, this article attempts to study what French Symbolism did and did not contribute to him. The argument of this study focuses on the meeting point between Darío’s poetics and the Symbolist master Stéphane Mallarmé. Through research in the journalistic archives of the writer Rubén Darío, the author shows how the principles of Symbolism became constituents of the poet’s concept of art. Through her reading of Darío’s work, she also demonstrates that Darío did not identify himself with the theme of “nothingness” according to the Symbolist tradition, and examines the Hispanic-American cultural context in which such misinterpretations are inserted. This analysis will contribute to the clarification of the specificity of Hispanic-American poetics in the panorama of world literature. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12795653

Introduction: The expanding digital era has transformed government communication, especially during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the digital communication strategies of the Romanian Government during the pandemic and its aftermath, emphasizing the importance of effective communication in times of crisis. Methodology: For this comprehensive analysis, quantitative and qualitative techniques were combined. Data were collected from Facebook using FanPageKarma.com and processed in RStudio. Key aspects were examined, including the categorization of communication phases, posting frequency, metrics of public interaction (comments and actions), and the analysis of the overall sentiment tone. Results: The findings reveal that during the COVID-19 crisis, the Romanian Government dedicated 42.3% of its 3,465 Facebook posts to the virus. This percentage significantly decreased to 1.46% after the crisis, indicating a thematic shift in government communication. Public engagement also decreased post-pandemic, with a shift towards global narratives, especially tension between Ukraine and Russia. The sentiment analysis shows an overwhelmingly positive language aimed at inspiring trust and hope. Conclusions: This study highlights that, following the COVID-19 crisis, the Romanian Government adapted its digital communication, experiencing lower public engagement but maintaining a positive tone. This underscores the importance of effective government communication during and after crises, a critical element for ensuring public trust and social cohesion. These findings offer valuable lessons for government communication management in times of uncertainty and emphasize the need for continuous adaptation in a constantly evolving digital world.

To assess and comprehend the communication strategy used by the European Central Bank (ECB) throughout the Covid-19 pandemic and war in Ukraine, this study considers the crisis communication tactics of the ECB. The study analyzes 11,781 tweets from the ECB's official Twitter account using sentiment analysis to look at how the Bank interacts with the public and how it uses adaptive communication strategies in these trying times. This research innovatively employs the AFINN and NRC sentiment analysis methods to evaluate the ECB's crisis communication. NRC's use of a comprehensive lexicon for emotional identification complements the pre-computed sentiment ratings of AFINN. The ECB's use of positive, clear communication built public trust and underlines sentiment analysis's utility in strategic crisis communication. The study's detailed investigation offers insights for improving crisis communication plans for better public engagement and economic stability.

This paper studies the online communication strategies of world leaders during the war in Ukraine from February 24, 2022, to January 23, 2023. To analyze the collected data, various qualitative and quantitative methods such as content and sentiment analysis were used. The findings indicate that the majority of world leaders communicate via Twitter, and their tweets are mainly positive in tone. The most active communication strategies involve using hashtags related to the issues of the war, retweeting messages from other leaders, and issuing statements about the conflict. The results suggest that the participating leaders position themselves as the voice of the nation and emphasize the importance of international solidarity in achieving peace. Furthermore, the study reveals that the leaders are highly engaged in bidirectional communication, with the majority of messages focused on people's safety and the need for a diplomatic solution. The findings of this study could help policymakers understand how online communication plays a role in international conflict resolution as well as how world leaders can effectively use online communication to engage with their public.

Dehesas are high value agroecosystems that benefit from the effect tree cover has on pastures. Such effect occurs when tree cover is incomplete and homogeneous. Tree cover may be characterized from field data or through visual interpretation of remote sensing data, both time-consuming tasks. An alternative is the extraction of tree cover from aerial imagery using automated methods, on spectral derivate products (i.e. NDVI) or LiDAR point clouds. This study focuses on assessing and comparing methods for tree cover estimation from high resolution orthophotos and airborne laser scanning (ALS). RGB image processing based on thresholding of the ‘Excess Green minus Excess Red’ index with the Otsu method produced acceptable results (80%), lower than that obtained by thresholding the digital canopy model obtained from the ALS data (87%) or when combining RGB and LiDAR data (87.5%). The RGB information was found to be useful for tree delineation, although very vulnerable to confusion with the grass or shrubs. The ALS based extraction suffered for less confusion as it differentiated between trees and the remaining vegetation using the height. These results show that analysis of historical orthophotographs may be successfully used to evaluate the effects of management changes while LiDAR data may provide a substantial increase in the accuracy for the latter period. Combining RGB and Lidar data did not result in significant improvements over using LIDAR data alone.

Antoine de Saint-Exupéry nous propose par l'intermédiaire de son œuvre un voyage initiatique dans le désert de l'Afrique. Ce voyage commence dans le roman « Courrier Sud», continue dans « Terre des Hommes » et finit dans le désert du Sahara au moment où le petit prince réussit à trouver une fontaine dont l'eau non seulement apaise la soif, mais crée une nouvelle perspective sur l'univers. Audelà du voyage initiatique, il y a encore beaucoup de significations intéressantes vers lesquelles renvoie le désert. Le personnage exupérien découvre le sentiment de dignité et de noblesse inspiré par l'étendue de sable et connaît les passions qui poussent les hommes à jouer toujours dans la pièce de théâtre qu'eux seuls connaissent. Il comprend la valeur de l'eau pour les hommes du désert qui cherchent toujours une oasis, en la considérant un don du ciel. L'accident de SaintExupéry dans le désert de Libye constitue une expérience en même temps douloureuse et enrichissante. Le miracle de l'apparition du Bédouin qui les a sauvés (lui et Prévot) est décrit dans une page mémorable qui constitue un hymne à l'eau, vue comme symbole de la vie.

Mediterranean pine forests in Spain experience wildland fire events with different frequencies, intensities, and severities. An estimation of the fire severity as accurate as possible is required by forest managers to decide which strategy is most appropriate to mitigate the effect of fire. The aim of this research is to estimate the post-fire severity, relating a pool of independent variables derived from the LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) points clouds delivered by the National Plan for Aerial Orthophotography (PNOA) to field data based on Composite Burn Index collected in four fires located in Aragón (Spain). Logistic regression models were developed and statistically tested and validated to map fire severity with up to 85.5% accuracy. The canopy relief ratio and the percentage of all returns above one meter height were the most significant variables. In addition, the obtained results are compared to different spectral indices derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper.

En 2006, une étude intéressante et inédite sur l'œuvre d'Antoine de Saint-Exupéry attirait l'attention des critiques et des lecteurs. Il s'agit de la thèse de doctorat de Laurent de Galembert - Le sacré et son expression chez Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. S'intéresser au sacré lorsqu'on analyse l'œuvre exupérienne, cela peut sembler bizarre, puisque Saint-Exupéry est généralement connu comme le pilote écrivain des années 1930 et 1940, situé habituellement à côté de Sartre et Camus – les représentants du courant existentialiste. Il est connu aussi grâce au retentissement mondial du conte Le Petit Prince.

Atteint d’un mal qu’il désigne plus loin comme la lèpre, Jean Bodel prend congé des arrageois et établit ainsi un genre poétique qui, au début du XIIIe siècle, représente la première manifestation en littérature française de la perspective ironique du poète envers lui-même. Les Congés de Bodel semblent se fonder sur un «jeu de la souffrance et de la honte, du ‘dire’ et de ‘se cacher’» et, par une variante du thème de la chantepleure, ils anticipent la poésie lyrique du XVe siècle. (...) La souffrance constitue ainsi le leurre d’un sens qui serait séditieux et qui dépasse pourtant la sphère du social ou de l’idéologique, car il se résout dans la maîtrise de la parole. L’étalage d’habileté poétique, art d’un discours où les significations s’effritent, séduit le lecteur d’aujourd’hui, tout comme le public d’alors, appelés tous les deux à chercher les multiples visages du poète.