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From 2016 to 2019, the backlash in Brazil against so-called gender ideology framed gender dissidence as a reason for the country’s perceived decline, playing a central role in the rise of Bolsonarismo, a movement increasingly identified as fascist. In this gender-hostile environment, I examine Brazil’s first trans men’s soccer team, the Meninos Bons de Bola (MBB), and its use of nudity as a response to the political shift rightward and to tell a story about the precarity of minoritized groups across the Americas. The team’s changing approach to trans representation exposes the period as a watershed in Brazilian politics. The MBB’s naked protest during this time of governmental change reveals resistance to the machinations of Brazilian fascism, including censorship, backlash, and shaming. By asserting that the MBB were never just about futebol, the team uses the national sport to enact trans politics and to claim belonging beyond the bounds of normative citizenship.

This essay reviews the following works:

This 8-page publication presents UF/IFAS recommendations for fertilization of crisphead lettuce on organic soils in Florida. Written by George Hochmuth, Ed Hanlon, Russell Nagata, George Snyder, Tom Schueneman, J. Mabry McCray, and German Sandoya, and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department, revised January 2023. SP153/WQ114: Fertilization Recommendations for Crisphead Lettuce Grown on Organic Soils in Florida (ufl.edu)

Review of Joshua Dubler and Vincent W. Lloyd, _Break Every Yoke: Religion, Justice, and the Abolition of Prisons

Undescended parathyroid adenoma is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism that happens < 1% of cases. If not suspected, it can lead to a negative bilateral parathyroid exploration and extensive iatrogenic trauma. We propose that with proper imaging the correct diagnosis can be established to simplify surgical management. We describe two cases of patients who underwent a targeted neck exploration due to an undescended parathyroid adenoma diagnosed with an appropriate preoperative imaging protocol. With an appropriate imaging protocol for primary hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid hormone aspirates, an undescended parathyroid adenoma can be primarily diagnosed to guide a focused parathyroidectomy.

La construcción y aplicación de buenas prácticas en la gestión de requisitos de software es importante para obtener productos de alta calidad. En la industria de software se aplican procesos de mejoramiento continuo de prácticas para educción, análisis, especificación y validación de requisitos. Se evidencia que, en el contexto industrial, se hace compleja la aplicación de prácticas que proponen métodos de software por la dificultad para identificar los componentes de la práctica. Es el caso de la práctica Gestión de Requisitos de RUP. La aplicación de esta práctica es compleja porque no se identifican claramente los componentes de la práctica y los mecanismos de aplicación, seguimiento y evaluación. En este artículo se aplica el Modelo para la Definición de Prácticas en Ingeniería de Software a la práctica Gestión de Requisitos de RUP. Este proceso que busca identificar y definir los elementos esenciales para facilitar la aplicación, seguimiento y evaluación de prácticas se denomina esencialización. De esta manera a partir de una práctica existente se obtiene una práctica bien formada y nombrada que facilita su aplicación, seguimiento y evaluación en contextos reales. Una práctica esencializada facilita a los practicantes entender, aplicar y evaluar la práctica ya que define una estructura adecuada con elementos bien definidos. También aporta en el seguimiento a la salud y el progreso del esfuerzo de Ingeniería de Software mediante el uso del núcleo del estándar Essence.

This 4-page major revision, a publication of the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences, highlights the current status of Histosols within the Everglades Agricultural Area in southern Florida. Over the last century, soils within the region have gradually been lost via oxidation, a process commonly referred to as soil subsidence. The rate of subsidence is gradually declining, due to factors such as increased mineral content in soil, humification, and water management (maintenance of higher water tables). Best Management Practices and crop rotation help slow down the rate of oxidation and promote soil sustainability within the region. Written by Jehangir H. Bhadha, Alan L. Wright, and George H. Snyder. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss523

This article presents the story of Youth Hub, a grassroots, neighborhood-based initiative in Boston, Massachusetts, highlighting its use of participatory action research (PAR) to amplify youth voice, cultivate leadership, and promote change. The article includes an explanation of the need from which Youth Hub emerged; a discussion of Youth Hub’s use of PAR, including benefits and challenges of the approach; a summary of key research findings; an examination of PAR’s usefulness for knowledge creation, including benefits and challenges; and an analysis of youth leadership and ownership in Youth Hub’s model, also including benefits and challenges. The article concludes with suggestions for how Youth Hub’s approach can be useful for amplifying youth voice and building youth leadership more broadly.

Objetivo: analizar las capacidades de investigación sobre determinantes sociales y determinación social de los procesos salud-enfermedad (dss) en Brasil, Colombia y México con base en los sistemas nacionales de ciencia, tecnología e innovación (sncti) y la producción científica sobre dss (2005- 2012) de cada país. Metodología: se realiza un estudio exploratorio a partir de revisión de literatura, consulta de plataformas nacionales de cada sncti, entrevistas y foros de consulta, contemplando las siguientes categorías de estudio para de analizar las capacidades de: 1. Producción científica, formación de investigadores y políticas relativas a capacidades de investigación; 2. Redes de colaboración; 3. Infraestructura para la investigación y 4. Producción y apropiación social del conocimiento. Resultados y discusión: La investigación sobre dss se divulga principalmente en revistas científicas de circulación nacional, en Brasil y Colombia, mientras que en México se publica principalmente en revistas extranjeras. Los tres países cuentan con sncti consolidados, sin embargo, son escasos los montos de financiamiento para investigación sobre dss. Conclusiones: es necesario articular acciones de fortalecimiento de capacidades de investigación, fortaleciendo redes y posicionando los dss en agendas estratégicas.

Less than a century after Plato’s death, the Academy’s scholarch Arcesilaus of Pitane inaugurates a peculiar oral phase of Academic philosophy, deciding not to write philosophical works or openly teach his own doctrines. Scholars often attribute a radical change of direction to the school under his headship, taking early Stoic epistemology to be the primary target of the New Academy’s attack on Stoic philosophy. This paper defends a rival view of Arcesilaus’ Academic revolution. Shifting the focus of that attack from epistemology to ethics, the paper illuminates the continuity in development from Polemo to Arcesilaus and the evidence corroborating this continuity.

This special issue advances the discussion of redesigning assessment and accountability that began in the August 2014 Education Policy Analysis Archives article, “Accountability for college and career readiness: Developing a new paradigm” by Linda Darling-Hammond, Gene Wilhoit and Linda Pittenger. This issue focuses on the potential for multiple measures approaches to accountability and performance assessment to support more meaningful learning as part of a redesigned system of support and accountability. We bring together two reviews of state policy with commentaries that describe district, network, state, and university efforts to integrate multiple measures and performance assessment in systems of accountability. This issue helps to illustrate how educators at all levels of the system—schools, districts, networks, and state education agencies—are taking action to reimagine a more supportive and equitable educational system.

This paper reviews state strategies for incorporating performance assessment in policy and practice. Specifically, the paper reviews the use of performance assessment in 12 states in the Innovation Lab Network, a group committed to developing systems of assessment that provide meaningful measures of college and career readiness. This review suggests that states relied on four central approaches for integrating performance assessment in state and local systems of assessment: 1) classroom purposes, 2) graduation requirement, 3) school accountability purposes, or 4) federal accountability. We review these approaches and the benefits and challenges associated with each strategy.

This article reviews the concept of e-learning and an overview of major trends in critical technological literacy practices that concern as a framework for analysis of what makes schools and universities with communication, culture, youth scope and innovative educational activity, and what is its projection in contemporary society. It is based on the current New Literacy Studies (NLS) and the visual turn. They are: change of texts and practices, technological literacy practices in formal and informal education, new cultural forms and innovation and change technologically mediated, and how they enter in social and university educational practices.

Resumen: El proyecto fotográfico El último verano (2012) del colectivo NOPHOTO, ofrece un conjunto de percepciones fragmentadas, y a veces contradic-torias, sobre una cotidianidad estructurada por la crisis económica. Partiendo de la noción del impasse neoliberal de Lauren Berlant, este análisis aborda las formas en que la crisis resulta perceptible en las fotos, primero en el apego afectivo del sujeto hacia sus pérdidas anticipadas, y después en las tácticas de supervivencia desarrolladas en tiempos de crisis. El hecho de hacer un balance del presente en el impasse, parece estar inmerso en estas fotografías con un fuerte sentido de temporalidad en el que el cambio y la pérdida desestabilizan el presente, evocando senti-mientos de retorno, nostalgia, proyección futura, fantasía escapista, ansiedades sobre las perspectivas de riesgo, etc. Y en las fotografías, el carácter compuesto del proyecto señala a los espectadores otras formas de mirar en tiempos de crisis, desde perspectivas plurales, que en su conjunto ensamblan una circunstancia colectiva y compartida de la vida cotidiana en tiempos de austeridad Palabras clave: fotografía documental, crisis financiera, neoliberalismo, temporalidad, afecto, subjetividad. Abstract: NOPHOTO’s collective photography project El último verano provides a fragmented, contradictory document to the deteriorating conditions of everyday life in times of crisis. In it, nine photographers turn their lenses toward portraits of downward mobility, precarity, and the growing phenomenon of emigration, as well as summer pleasures and moments of escape. Drawing from Lauren Berlant’s writings on the impasse in neoliberalism, I read how la crisis is sensed first in these photos in the subject’s affective attachments to perceptible losses and then in strategies for survival developed amid an ongoing crisis. Taking stock of the present at an impasse, I argue, is immersed in a strong sense of temporality for the present ungrounded by change—of nostalgia and return, of future projection, of escapist fantasy, of present anxieties for risk—and in the photographs, indexes for viewers other narratives on the crisis, in plural ways, that piece together a collective, shared circumstance in times of austerity. Key Words: documentary photography, financial, crisis, neoliberalism, temporality, affect, subjectivity.

Objective. To examine the research on social determinants of health (SDH) produced in Mexico during the period 2005-2012, based on the characterization of the national health research system and the scientific production on this topic. Materials and methods. Two-stage analyses: Review of Mexican documents and official sources on health research and systematic bibliographic review of the literature on SDH. Results. Although SDH were mentioned in the Specific Action Plan for Health Research 2007-2012, they are not implemented in strategies and goals, as the emphasis is put mostly in infrastructure and administrative aspects of research. In the period studied, 145 articles were published on SDH topics such as health conditions, health systems and nutrition and obesity. Conclusions. In spite of the availability of research on SDH in Mexico, the operationalization of such findings into health policies has not been possible. The current Sectorial Program on Health 2013-2018 represents a window of opportunity to position research findings that promote health equity policies

Objetivo. Caracterizar a los hogares de la Mixteca baja en términos socioeconómicos y demográficos y analizar las diferencias entre miembros de hogares de migrantes (HogMig) y no migrantes (HogNoMig) a Estados Unidos en torno a su afiliación y utilización de servicios de salud. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal y descriptivo en el que se realizaron encuestas a jefes de familia de una muestra representativa de 702 hogares de la Mixteca baja con (HogMig) y sin miembros migrantes (HogNoMig) a EU. Resultados. Los integrantes de los HogMig tenían más recursos personales y económicos que los HogNoMig; además recibían remesas regularmente. La mayoría de los miembros de ambos tipos de hogares no recibía beneficios del Programa Oportunidades, ni contaba con afiliación al Seguro Popular, IMSS o ISSSTE. Generalmente utilizaban el centro de salud local, aunque frecuentemente preferían pagar médicos privados. La minoría derechohabiente (IMSS/ ISSSTE) reportó una muy baja utilización de esos servicios.Objective. To describe the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of households in the Mixteca Baja and analyze differences in affiliation with health care programs and utilization, among members of households with migrants (HogMig) and without migrants (HogNoMig) to the United States. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional, descriptive survey was used with heads of households in a representative sample from the Mixteca Baja of 702 homes with and without migrants to the US. Results. Members of HogMig had more personal and economic resources than those of HogNoMig; they also regularly received remittances. The majority of members of both HogMig and HogNoMig did not receive benefits from the Oportunidades program or health coverage through Seguro Popular, IMSS or ISSSTE. In general, while they used the local health clinic, they often preferred to pay for private practitioners. A small proportion of those covered by IMSS or ISSSTE reported very low utilization of the health services offered by those institutions.

La historia contemporánea neerlandesa sigue siendo un tema poco investigado en los Estados Unidos. Aunque los científicos sociales americanos han apreciado por mucho tiempo el valor de los estudios de neerlandeses, historiadores norteamericanos han tardado en desarrollar la historiografía contemporánea neerlandesa, debido en parte a la escasez de fuentes utiles en las colecciones públicas. Este artículo está destinado a servir como una introducción a los documentos del Servicio de Información de los Países Bajos (NIS, en neerlandés, la Regerings Voorlichtingsdienst), que ahora están abiertas al estudio, y una invitación a los académicos para incluir los Países Bajos en sus programas de investigación. Administrada por la Holland Historical Trust y ubicada en el Holland Museum of Holland, Michigan, este depósito de materiales contemporáneos en lengua neerlandesa es único en América del Norte. La colección NIS en el Museo de Holanda es un excelente punto de partida para estudiar la contemporaneidad de los Países Bajos. Una serie de acontecimientos contemporáneos se han desarrollado en Holanda, y su estudio podría enseñar a los lectores la versión neerlandesa de estos eventos._____________ABSTRACT:Contemporary Dutch history remains an under-researched topic in the United States. Though American social scientists have long appreciated the value of Dutch studies, American historians have been slow to develop contemporary Dutch historiography due in part to a dearth of comprehensive sources in public collections. This article is meant to serve as an introduction to the papers of the Netherlands Information Service (NIS; in Dutch, the Regerings Voorlichtingsdienst), which are now open for study, and an invitation to scholars to include the contemporary Netherlands in their research agendas. Held by the Holland Historical Trust and housed in the Holland Museum of Holland, Michigan, this repository of contemporary Dutch materials is unique in North America. The NIS collection at the Holland Museum is an excellent starting point from which to more fully examine the contemporary Netherlands. A host of contemporary developments have played themselves out in Holland, the study of which would introduce readers to the Dutch version of these events.

Illegality does not necessarily breed violence. The relationship between illicit markets and violence depends on institutions of protection. When state-sponsored protection rackets form, illicit markets can be peaceful. Conversely, the breakdown of state-sponsored protection rackets, which may result from well-meaning policy reforms intended to reduce corruption and improve law enforcement, can lead to violence. The cases of drug trafficking in contemporary Mexico and Colombia show how a focus on the emergence and breakdown of state-sponsored protection rackets helps explain variation in levels of violence both within and across illicit markets.

The purpose of this contribution is to review the peer reviewed literature from the last 20 years regarding the role of Mexican women in the family, and to describe the psychosocial and health challenges they face. We analyze the current problems and recent improvements in three areas: reproductive health, nutrition, and mental health, and we discuss how the role of caregiver may influence or be influenced by these health issues. We emphasize the cultural context, women's role as caregivers, the challenges they face, and the strength and resilience these women exhibit. We conclude that it is imperative that we modify the way in which Mexican women's needs are assessed, interpreted, and confronted, along with a definite need for concrete proposals that take into account both women's challenges and strengths, and the cultural context and national reality.El propósito de esta contribución fue revisar la literatura publicada en los últimos 20 años con respecto al papel que tienen las mujeres mexicanas en el ámbito familiar y describir los retos psicosociales y de salud que cotidianamente enfrentan. Se analizan los problemas actuales y las mejoras que han ocurrido en tres áreas: salud reproductiva, nutrición y salud mental; se discute cómo el papel de cuidadora de otros influye o es influido por estos temas de salud. Se enfatiza el entorno cultural, su rol como cuidadoras, los retos que enfrentan y la fortaleza y resistencia que demuestran. Se concluye que es imperativo modificar la manera en que las necesidades de la mujer mexicana están siendo evaluadas, interpretadas y confrontadas, junto con una necesidad impostergable de concretar propuestas que tomen en cuenta retos y fortalezas, así como el contexto cultural y la realidad nacional.

OBJETIVO: Identificar los factores sociodemográficos, de salud y apoyo social relacionados con las lesiones accidentales en adultos mayores residentes de colonias urbanas marginales de las ciudades de Cuernavaca, Chilpancingo, Guadalajara y Culiacán. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: En 2004-2005 se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal; mediante muestra no probabilística, se entrevistó a 799 adultos mayores; se emplearon pruebas no paramétricas y un modelo multivariado de regresión logística. RESULTADOS: Del total de entrevistas, 37% notificaron lesiones y la causa principal fueron las caídas (54%). El hogar fue el sitio con mayor número de accidentes (52%). Los factores de riesgo asociados fueron edad avanzada, trabajar, mayor número de enfermedades, mayor consumo de medicamentos, remedios y bebidas alcohólicas, percepción de "mala salud", apoyo familiar inadecuado y ser cuidador de otros. CONCLUSIONES: La multicausalidad obliga, por una parte, a que toda la sociedad participe y, por la otra, a la intervención del área de la salud para prevenir y atender el problema.OBJECTIVE: To identify factors (sociodemographic, health, and social support) associated with the presence of accidental injuries in older adults living in deprived urban neighborhoods in four Mexican municipalities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional survey carried out in 2004-2005, with a non-probabilistic, intentional sample of 799 male and female elderly living in deprived urban areas in four Mexican municipalities. For the statistical analysis, non-parametric tests and multivariate logistic regression models were used. RESULTS: More than a third (37%) of the sample reported injuries; with falls being the main cause. Home was the venue where most accidents took place (52%). Risk factors for accidental injuries were: advanced age, working, greater number of illnesses, consumption of more medicines and remedies, self-perception of "poor" health , consumption of alcoholic beverages, inadequate family support and being a caretaker of others. CONCLUSIONS: The multi-causality of accidental injuries in older adults demands the participation of all sectors of society, and particularly public health interventions.

This special issue furthers the conversation begun in the August 2014 of edition of Education Policy Analysis Archives in the article Accountability for College and Career Readiness: Developing a New Paradigm by Linda Darling-Hammond, Gene Wilhoit, and Linda Pittenger. That paper posits that as schools across the country take on the challenge of preparing all children for success in college, career, and life, states must in turn move toward creating more aligned systems of assessment and accountability. The authors recommend, “an accountability approach that focuses on meaningful learning, enabled by professionally skilled and committed educators, and supported by adequate and appropriate resources, so that all students regardless of background are prepared for both college and career when they graduate from high school” (p. 1). In this, the third of three focused volumes of EPAA, we hope to further that discussion and debate by focusing, one issue at a time, on each of the three elements of a truly responsible accountability system: 1) meaningful learning, 2) professional capacity and accountability, and 3) equitable and wisely used resources.

This special issue furthers the conversation begun in the August 2014 of edition of Education Policy Analysis Archives in the article Accountability for College and Career Readiness: Developing a New Paradigm by Linda Darling-Hammond, Gene Wilhoit, and Linda Pittenger. That paper posits that as schools across the country take on the challenge of preparing all children for success in college, career, and life, states must in turn move toward creating more aligned systems of assessment and accountability. The authors recommend, “an accountability approach that focuses on meaningful learning, enabled by professionally skilled and committed educators, and supported by adequate and appropriate resources, so that all students regardless of background are prepared for both college and career when they graduate from high school” (p. 1). In this, the second of three focused volumes of EPAA, we hope to further that discussion and debate by focusing, one issue at a time, on each of the three elements of a truly responsible accountability system: 1) meaningful learning, 2) professional capacity and accountability, and 3) equitable and wisely used resources.

This special issue furthers the conversation begun in the August 2014 of edition of Education Policy Analysis Archives in the article Accountability for College and Career Readiness: Developing a New Paradigm by Linda Darling-Hammond, Gene Wilhoit and Linda Pittenger. That paper posits that as schools across the country take on the challenge of preparing all children for success in college, career, and life, states must in turn move toward creating more aligned systems of assessment and accountability. The authors recommend “an accountability approach that focuses on meaningful learning, enabled by professionally skilled and committed educators, and supported by adequate and appropriate resources, so that all students regardless of background are prepared for both college and career when they graduate from high school” (p. 1). This issue focuses particularly upon accountability for meaningful learning with subsequent issues focusing on professional accountability and resource accountability.

This article builds on Darling-Hammond, Wilhoit, and Pittenger’s (2014) new paradigm on Accountability for College and Career Readiness by focusing on one of its three pillars—professional accountability. The article begins by offering a conceptual framework for professional accountability for improvement. Next, it highlights slices of four organizations whose improvements efforts serve as a model for professional accountability. Then the article provides an overview of what a complete system of professional accountability would require. The article ends with a narrative of a teacher’s career in an imagined future where school, district, state, and federal contexts are designed and provide resources for a cohesive constellation of policies, programs, and practices that increase learning for children, adults and the entire system.

Discurso de apertura del III Congreso Nacional de Ciencia Política de la Asociación Colombiana de Ciencia Política (ACCPOL).

OBJETIVO: Analizar los factores sociales asociados al estado de salud de hombres mayores de 60 años que viven en contextos de pobreza en áreas rurales de México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: De febrero a octubre de 2002 se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal, descriptivo, con una muestra intencional de 392 adultos mayores residentes de zonas rurales de los estados de Guerrero, Morelos y Jalisco, utilizando un cuestionario especialmente diseñado y piloteado con anterioridad. Las variables de estudio incluyeron características sociodemográficas, bienestar generalizado, problemas de salud, consumo de algunos alimentos y algunos indicadores de salud mental, fuerza personal y apoyo social. Utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS v. II.I se llevaron a cabo pruebas de Ji cuadrada de Pearson para variables categóricas; para analizar el consumo diferencial de alimentos se hicieron pruebas de ANOVA de una vía. RESULTADOS: Los ancianos de este estudio eran casados o viudos y tenían un promedio de seis hijos. Los ancianos de Morelos informaron haber padecido un mayor número de enfermedades y haber tenido un consumo más alto de bebidas alcohólicas, en comparación con los ancianos de los otros dos estados. De la muestra total, 60% notificaron el uso tanto de remedios caseros como de medicamentos para aliviar sus malestares de salud. Más de la mitad no recibía apoyo familiar adecuado. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que el proceso de envejecimiento entre los hombres participantes es percibido como una carga, fundamentalmente debido al contexto de pobreza en que viven. La falta de ingresos suficientes y acceso a servicios de salud a través de planes de pensión y jubilación adecuados para los ancianos que viven en pobreza, es un problema que requiere de atención inmediata.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the social factors associated with the health status of elderly men, 60 years and older, who live in poverty in the rural areas of Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted between February and October 2002, in a convenience sample of 392 elderly men residing in rural areas of the states of Guerrero, Morelos and Jalisco states. A validated questionnaire was applied to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, general wellbeing, health problems, food consumption, and some indicators of mental health, personal strength and social support. Data analysis was performed with the SPSS v. II.1 software, to obtain chi-squared tests; food intake measures were analized with one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: Study subjects were married or were widowers and had six children on average. A higher proportion of the elderly men of Morelos state reported to have suffered more illnesses and a higher consumption of alcohol when compared to the other two state groups. Sixty percent of the men in the study used both home remedies and medication for their health problems. More than one half of them did not receive adequate social support from their families. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the process of ageing among rural elderly men is perceived as a burden, mainly because of the context of poverty in which they live. The lack of appropriate income and access to health services through adequate pension and retirement plans for the elderly poor is a problem that requires immediate attention.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors related to cases of low birth weight among a sample of Mexican women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present analysis utilizes data from a post partum survey of 565 women implemented in eight different social security hospitals in western Mexico during 2001. Women giving birth to low weight infants (2.5 kgs) were oversampled and make up half of the sample. RESULTS: A series of logistic regression equations are presented that estimate the risk of low birth weight. Study findings indicate that, although behavioral factors appear to be highly significant in predicting the odds of low birth weight, socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors were found to be important in determining utilization of prenatal care. CONCLUSIONS: The key role of behavioral characteristics in determining low birth weight risk and the role of socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors in determining prenatal care usage highlights the need to improve prenatal care utilization by disadvantaged populations.OBJETIVO: Objetivo. Identificar los factores relacionados con el bajo peso al nacer en mujeres mexicanas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizan datos de una encuesta recientemente aplicada en 2001 a 565 mujeres en condición de posparto, en ocho hospitales de la Secretaría de Salud, en el Occidente de la República Mexicana, que permite una evaluación detallada de los factores que contribuyen al riesgo de bajo peso. La mitad de las mujeres había dado a luz a recién nacidos de bajo peso (menos de 2.5 kgs) y el resto de peso normal. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una serie de regresiones logísticas que estiman el riesgo de bajo peso al nacer. RESULTADOS: Los resultados indican que mientras los factores de comportamiento están asociados significativamente al bajo peso al nacer, los factores sociodemográficos y socioeconómicos están más relacionados con la utilización de servicios de atención prenatal. CONCLUSIONES: El papel clave de las características de comportamiento en la determinación del riesgo del bajo peso y el papel de los factores sociodemográficos y socioeconómicos en la determinación de atención prenatal, enfatizan la necesidad de incrementar la utilización de servicios de atención prenatal por parte de los sectores más desfavorecidos de la población.

OBJETIVO: Identificar conductas de utilización de servicios para resolver problemas de salud mental en los pobladores de localidades rurales de México; construir un modelo sobre los caminos de la atención para la salud mental que siguen los pobladores rurales, y proponer un modelo de integración para mejorar la calidad y el acceso a estos servicios. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: En 1997 se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad con 21 pobladores adultos (nueve hombres y 12 mujeres), y siete prestadores de servicios de una comunidad rural del estado de Jalisco, México. El rango de edad de las mujeres fue de 23 a 44 años, 10 casadas y dos solteras. Los hombres tenían entre los 30 y 74 años de edad, ocho casados y un viudo. Los prestadores de servicios fueron un sacerdote, un médico general, un encargado de farmacia, dos enfermeras y dos sanadores tradicionales (un sobador y un curandero). RESULTADOS: El primer intento que hace una persona para remediar un síntoma es acudir a los autocuidados. Cuando éstos no son suficientes para aliviarlo, las personas avanzan al segundo ámbito del camino: buscar ayuda de la red social, cuyos miembros, además de brindar información referente a remedios y cuidados, ofrecen su apoyo emocional e instrumental. Si después de consultar a la red el síntoma no ha desaparecido, el individuo busca la ayuda de otras fuentes externas, concretamente la de los miembros del sistema etnomédico local. La gente en esas localidades busca ayuda del médico únicamente cuando el síntoma persiste o cuando ha sido referido en repetidas ocasiones por algún miembro del sistema etnomédico local o de su red social. La búsqueda de un especialista de la salud mental (psiquiatra o psicólogo) es muy improbable entre los pobladores rurales debido a la dificultad de acceso geográfico a estos servicios por el costo que implica hacer uso de éstos y por la distancia cultural existente entre el prestador de servicios y el paciente. CONCLUSIONES: Para llevar a cabo con éxito programas de intervención culturalmente sensibles en el medio rural se requiere contar con información detallada, derivada de la investigación y de la participación activa de todos los recursos humanos e institucionales disponibles, desde profesionales e investigadores auténticamente multidisciplinarios, hasta educadores, líderes sociales, religiosos, políticos, miembros de la comunidad e instituciones de esas localidades. El modelo propuesto de integración de recursos personales y comunitarios para la atención de la salud contempla la creación de programas de sensibilización, información y capacitación para los pobladores de la comunidad y los prestadores de servicios; el sistema etnomédico y el sistema formal de salud se proponen como indispensables.

OBJETIVO: Identificar conductas de utilización de servicios para resolver problemas de salud mental en los pobladores de localidades rurales de México; construir un modelo sobre los caminos de la atención para la salud mental que siguen los pobladores rurales, y proponer un modelo de integración para mejorar la calidad y el acceso a estos servicios. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: En 1997 se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad con 21 pobladores adultos (nueve hombres y 12 mujeres), y siete prestadores de servicios de una comunidad rural del estado de Jalisco, México. El rango de edad de las mujeres fue de 23 a 44 años, 10 casadas y dos solteras. Los hombres tenían entre los 30 y 74 años de edad, ocho casados y un viudo. Los prestadores de servicios fueron un sacerdote, un médico general, un encargado de farmacia, dos enfermeras y dos sanadores tradicionales (un sobador y un curandero). RESULTADOS: El primer intento que hace una persona para remediar un síntoma es acudir a los autocuidados. Cuando éstos no son suficientes para aliviarlo, las personas avanzan al segundo ámbito del camino: buscar ayuda de la red social, cuyos miembros, además de brindar información referente a remedios y cuidados, ofrecen su apoyo emocional e instrumental. Si después de consultar a la red el síntoma no ha desaparecido, el individuo busca la ayuda de otras fuentes externas, concretamente la de los miembros del sistema etnomédico local. La gente en esas localidades busca ayuda del médico únicamente cuando el síntoma persiste o cuando ha sido referido en repetidas ocasiones por algún miembro del sistema etnomédico local o de su red social. La búsqueda de un especialista de la salud mental (psiquiatra o psicólogo) es muy improbable entre los pobladores rurales debido a la dificultad de acceso geográfico a estos servicios por el costo que implica hacer uso de éstos y por la distancia cultural existente entre el prestador de servicios y el paciente. CONCLUSIONES: Para llevar a cabo con éxito programas de intervención culturalmente sensibles en el medio rural se requiere contar con información detallada, derivada de la investigación y de la participación activa de todos los recursos humanos e institucionales disponibles, desde profesionales e investigadores auténticamente multidisciplinarios, hasta educadores, líderes sociales, religiosos, políticos, miembros de la comunidad e instituciones de esas localidades. El modelo propuesto de integración de recursos personales y comunitarios para la atención de la salud contempla la creación de programas de sensibilización, información y capacitación para los pobladores de la comunidad y los prestadores de servicios; el sistema etnomédico y el sistema formal de salud se proponen como indispensables.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this project was to identify behaviors of health service utilization to solve mental health-related problems among rural inhabitants of Mexico. A model of pathways to mental health services was built. Based on this model, an integration- intervention model is proposed to help improve access to mental health services and their quality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 1997, in-depth interviews were conducted among 21 adults (9 men and 12 women) and seven healthcare providers, in a rural community in Jalisco, Mexico. Women's age ranged from 23 to 44 years; ten were married and two single. Men were between 30 and 74 years old; eight were married and one was a widower. Healthcare providers in the same community were: a priest, a general physician, a pharmacy clerk, two nurses, and two traditional healers. RESULTS: The pathways models suggest that the first attempt a person does to solve a symptom is self-care. When such strategies are not sufficient to relief the symptom, the person turns to the members of his/her social network for help, who in addition to providing information about remedies, offer their emotional and instrumental support. If after consulting the social network, the symptom is not relieved, the individual seeks help from other external resources, such as the members of the ethno-medical local system. Inhabitants of rural communities tend to seek help from physicians, only when the symptom persists and the suffering associated with it seems to be out of the individual's control, or if members of the social network or the ethno-medical local system refer the patient to the physician. Seeking help from a specialist in mental health (psychiatrist or psychologist) is quite improbable among the rural inhabitants of Mexico, mostly due to difficulties in accessing these services, such as geographical location, distance, transportation, cost, and cultural distance between the health providers and the patient. CONCLUSIONS: In order to conduct successful intervention programs that are culturally sensitive for rural inhabitants, it is necessary first, to have detailed information derived from research and second, the active participation of all human and institutional resources, from professionals and truly multi-disciplinary researchers, to educators, social, religious, political leaders, and members of the communities and local institutions. The proposed model of integration of personal and community resources for healthcare requires establishing programs that sensitize, inform, and train community members, as well as members the ethno-medical system and the formal heath system.

SL311, a 3-page illustrated fact sheet by Alan L. Wright and George H. Snyder, describes the soils in the agricultural region in Florida south of Lake Okeechobee growing primarily sugarcane and winter vegetables, and addresses how the soils are changing with time. Includes additional sources of information. Published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, November 2009. SL 311/SS523: Everglades Agricultural Area Soil Subsidence and Sustainability (ufl.edu)

OBJETIVO: Identificar los factores asociados al malestar emocional en una muestra nacional de usuarias de servicios de salud del sector público: Secretaría de Salud (SSA), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se utilizó la base de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Violencia contra las Mujeres en México, donde se aplicaron 26 042 encuestas a usuarias de los servicios de salud de la SSA. Se utilizó la Escala de Salud Personal (ESP) para medir malestar emocional,; también se usó una escala de 19 reactivos que explora tipos de violencia y severidad de la misma. Mediante un modelo de regresión logística binaria se determinó la relación entre la presencia de malestar y la violencia de género, condiciones socioeconómicas y otras variables demográficas. RESULTADOS: Entre los más relevantes está la identificación de la prevalencia de malestar emocional (15.3%) entre las mujeres que acuden a solicitar servicios de salud al sector público, y la relación de este malestar emocional generalizado con la experiencia de diferentes tipos de violencia de género. Los resultados sugieren que los factores asociados con el malestar emocional de la mujeres que recurren a los servicios de salud fueron: la edad (26 años o >); la actividad (jornalera o peona), y las horas laborales (71 a la semana o >);el consumo de alcohol (mayor consumo); el maltrato en la infancia (frecuencia y diversos tipos de maltrato); la severidad de la violencia de pareja (violencia severa), el estrato socioeconómico (muy bajo) y el tipo de localidad de residencia (localidades urbanas). CONCLUSIONES: El predictor más importante del malestar emocional entre las usuarias del sector salud fue sufrir la violencia de pareja, sobre todo cuando ésta es severa, seguida de la violencia en la niñez. Así entonces, se propone utilizar herramientas de tamizaje en los servicios de salud, tanto de malestar emocional como de violencia intrafamiliar. Además, se propone diseñar y poner en marcha programas de atención y referencia de casos de malestar emocional femenino y de violencia intrafamiliar.OBJECTIVE: To identify and describe the factors associated with emotional distress in a national sample of women users of public health services in Mexico, such a Secretaria de Salud (SSA), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This research study was conducted using the database of the National Survey of Violence against Women that consisted of the responses of a total of 26 042 female users of health care services provided by the Mexican government health agencies. The Personal Health Scale (ESP per its initials in Spanish) was used to assess emotional distress. To measure violence a 19-item scale which explores different types of violence as well as severity was used. The relationship between emotional distress and gender violence was determined through a binary logistic regression model, as were economic status and demographic variables. RESULTS: One of the most important findings of this study is the high prevalence of emotional distress (15.3%) among women seeking health care services from the public sector and the relationship of such emotional distress with the experience of marital physical, psychological, and sexual violence. Factors associated with emotional distress among female users of health care services were age (26 and older); activity (laborer); working hours (71 hours a week or more); alcohol intake (greater intake); abuse during childhood (frequency and types of abuse); severity of marital violence (severe violence); socioeconomic status (very low SES); and type of dwelling (urban). CONCLUSIONS: The principal predictor of emotional distress was intimate partner abuse, especially in severe expression. The next predictor was violence in childhood. Taking into consideration these predictors it is recommended to use screening instruments to identify emotional distress and gender violence in health setting. It is important to design and implement attention and reference programs in public health services for women suffering from emotional distress and gender violence.

OBJETIVO: Construir y validar, en el país, una escala para medir violencia hacia las mujeres por parte de la pareja masculina. Asimismo, construir un índice de severidad que permita establecer una dimensión del daño emocional y físico de las acciones violentas perpetradas en contra de las mujeres. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: La muestra consistió de 26 042 mujeres de 15 años y más. Se incluyeron las respuestas de las mujeres que contestaron a toda la escala de violencia del cuestionario de la Encuesta Nacional sobre Violencia contra las Mujeres 2003 (ENVIM 2003). Este cuestionario, aplicado a usuarias de servicios de salud, estuvo integrado por 17 secciones, de las cuales una fue escala de violencia de 27 reactivos. El objetivo era medir distintos grados de violencia en sus diferentes modalidades: violencia física, emocional, sexual y económica. Se construyó un índice de severidad a partir de dos procedimientos: Procedimiento 1: análisis de confiabilidad, validez y factorial a partir de las respuestas de las mujeres a la escala de violencia y Procedimiento 2: realización de un jueceo para asignar pesos diferenciales a cada reactivo de la escala. RESULTADOS: Los resultados del Procedimiento 1(confiabilidad y validez), usando todos los reactivos, arrojaron un Alpha de Cronbach cuyos resultados indican una consistencia interna muy alta de 0.99. Por otro lado, el análisis factorial con rotación Varimax arrojó una solución de cuatro factores con cargas factoriales de cada reactivo mayores a 0.40, que se identificaron como: Factor 1 Violencia psicológica; Factor II Violencia física; Factor III Violencia física severa; Factor IV Violencia sexual. La combinación de los cuatro factores explicó 62.2% del total de la varianza. Procedimiento 2: a través de un jueceo se obtuvo una tabla de pesos asignados a cada acción evaluada. De los 27 reactivos iniciales, se eliminaron ocho como resultado del análisis factorial y otros dos correspondientes a violencia económica, quedando un total de 19 reactivos a los que se les aplicaron los pesos obtenidos en el jueceo. El puntaje mínimo fue 0 y el máximo fue de 354. A través de la clasificación propuesta, se calcularon las siguientes prevalencias: 21% sufrió, en los últimos 12 meses, algún tipo de violencia por parte de su pareja actual. La violencia por tipos se distribuyó de la siguiente manera: psicológica 18.5%; física 10.1%; física severa 6.7%; y sexual 7%. CONCLUSIÓN: La escala de violencia desarrollada demostró ser un instrumento útil y confiable para medir la violencia masculina ejercida en las relaciones de pareja. Así entonces, se sugiere ampliar su uso en otras mediciones nacionales y locales para permitir la comparación posterior de los resultados.OBJECTIVE: To construct and validate a scale to assess violence by the male partner against women. An index of severity of the emotional and physical damage was also designed to assess the intensity of the violent actions against women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of a total of 26 042 women who participated as respondents in the National Survey on Violence against Women (ENVIM per its abbreviation in Spanish) conducted in Mexico during 2003. Respondents were all users of health services provided by the Mexican government. The questionnaire was organized into 17 sections, one of which was a 27-item scale to assess partner violence. The purpose of this scale was to measure the type (physical, emotional, sexual and financial) and degree of violence based on severity. A severity index was constructed based on two procedures: 1) the validity, reliability, and factor analyses of the scale and 2) the assessment of severity by expert judges who assigned a value to each item of the scale. RESULTS: The validity and reliability results indicated this scale has adequate internal validity (Cronbach's Alpha=0.99). The factor analysis with Varimax rotation yielded a four-factor solution. The factors were: 1) Psychological violence; 2) Physical violence; 3) Severe physical violence; and 4) Sexual violence. The combination of the four factors accounted for 62.2% of the variance in the scale. Using the ratings from the judges a table of values for each of the violent actions described was obtained. The scores assigned by the judges ranged from 0 to 354. Results revealed a prevalence of 21% partner violence in the last twelve months. The prevalence of psychological violence was 18.5%; of physical violence 10.1%; severe physical violence 6.7% and sexual violence 7.0%. CONCLUSION: The scale of violence described in this article is a very useful and reliable instrument to assess marital violence against women. It is suggested that this instrument be used in other settings to compare results with different samples.

Since sugarcane is the principal crop in the rice-sugarcane rotation, researchers at the University of Florida's Everglades Research and Education Center (EREC) conducted experiments to determine the effect of rice production upon the sugarcane plant crop that followed the rice crop. This document summarizes two experiments. The first analysis was based on each producer's records (Alvarez and Snyder, 1984). The second was an experiment in commercial fields (Snyder, et al., 1986). This is EDIS document FE474, a publication of the Department of Food and Resource Economics, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, UF/IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Published May 2004. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe474

The purpose of this document is to summarize previous economic information on silicon applications to rice and sugarcane in the EAA and to make this information available through EDIS. These summaries will be provided for monocultures of rice and sugarcane and for rice-sugarcane rotation production. Growers overwhelmingly use silicon applications for rice-sugarcane rotations in Florida. This is EDIS document FE475, a publication of the Department of Food and Resource Economics, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, UF/IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Published May 2004. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe475

Celery, sweet corn, endive, escarole, romaine lettuce, and radish are important crops on organic soils in Florida. This bulletin summarizes fertilization research results with these crops from the 1940s to the present. New interpretations of these compiled works were used to produce updated UF/IFAS Extension recommendations for fertilization of these six vegetable crops. The recommendations presented in this publication supersede those found in Bulletin 876 (Sanchez, 1990), Bulletin 757 (Guzman et al., 1973), Circular 806 (Hochmuth and Hanlon, 1989), and fertilization recommendations in all crop production guides printed previous to this circular.

Since the gender demographics across majors have dramatically changed over the last few decades, a re-examination of the relationship between gender, undergraduate major selection, and compensation levels once in the workforce is important. This article will focus on how the salaries of college graduates have changed over the last decade. The analyses will explore the extent to which undergraduate major selection contributes to any male-female salary gap. A comparison of regression models for 1993 and 2001 describes the extent to which the selection of major remains a significant factor among those individuals who have entered the workforce.

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