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Con la globalización y los intercambios, los países llamados emergentes ven a las empresas multiplicarse, así como a la tasa de empleo. Así como la antropotecnología mostrado durante los años 80 y 90 los fracasos de varias transferencias de tecnología de los países del “norte” hacia los países del “sur”, ¿Qué se puede decir hoy en día de dichos movimientos ? ¿Los procesos que acompañan el traslado de empresas y fabricas se asemejan a aquellos de las transferencias de tecnologías o se trata de procesos nuevos ? Estas evoluciones tienen consecuencias directas ya sea en la estructura como en la organización de las empresas a diferentes niveles de desarrollo y que van desde la gestión y administración hasta la ejecución. Por un lado, existe el éxito de lograr un ajuste del mundo financiero, del marketing y de la gestión, según los criterios de los países del primer mundo y, por otro lado, el mundo de la producción y de la ejecución que sigue soportando situaciones de contraste en términos de fiabilidad técnica y organizacional y de las condiciones laborales que se deterioran presentando riesgos importantes para la salud y la seguridad, puestos precarios y pocas oportunidades de desarrollo de las competencias de las personas. Uno de los principales desafíos del desarrollo sustentable es entonces actuar sobre los desequilibrios de ambas esferas que co-existen, y que dividen a la empresa en dos dimensiones distintas y distantes. Durante a globalização da economia e das trocas comerciais, os denominados “países emergentes” assistiram a uma multiplicação das empresas e a um aumento das taxas de empregabilidade. A antropotecnologia demonstrou já os falhanços de muitas transferências de tecnologia de países do “Norte” para países do “Sul”, durante as décadas de 80 e 90 do Sec. XX. O que é feito destes movimentos hoje em dia ? Serão as deslocalizações acompanhadas de novos desafios e processos como esses de transferência de tecnologia ? Essas evoluções tiveram um impacto directo na estrutura e na organização das empresas, produzindo níveis de desenvolvimento diferentes no que respeita ao espectro da gestão quando comparado com os domínios da organização e da execução. O “sucesso” do nivelamento nos mundos financeiro, do marketing e da gestão, de acordo com os critérios em vigor nos países desenvolvidos, contrasta com o mundo da produção e da execução, que continua a conhecer situações fortemente contrastantes em termos de fiabilidade técnica e organizacional e de condições de trabalho deterioradas, comportando riscos importantes para a saúde, a segurança, a precariedade do emprego e o desenvolvimento de competências. Agir sobre os desequilíbrios entre essas duas esferas que coexistem sem trabalharem juntas e que “clivam” a empresa em duas partes distintas e distantes constitui, para nós, um dos maiores desafios para o desenvolvimento durável dos sistemas de trabalho. Avec la globalisation de l’économie et des échanges, les pays dits “ émergents » voient les entreprises se multiplier tout comme le taux d’emploi. Si l’anthropotechnologie avait montré durant les années 80 et 90 les échecs de nombreux transferts de technologie de pays du “ Nord » vers les pays du “ Sud » ; qu’en est-il aujourd’hui de ces mouvements ? Et les délocalisations s’accompagnent-elles des mêmes enjeux et processus que ceux des transferts de technologies ? Ces évolutions ont impacté directement la structure et l’organisation des entreprises avec des niveaux de développement différents de la sphère de la gestion et du management et celles de l’organisation et de l’exécution. D’un coté la “ réussite » de la mise à niveau du monde de la finance, du marketing et de la gestion, selon les critères en vigueur dans les pays développés ; et de l’autre coté, le monde de la production et de l’exécution qui continue à connaître des situations fortement contrastées en terme de fiabilité technique et organisationnelle ainsi que des conditions de travail détériorées avec des risques importants pour la santé, la sécurité, la précarité de l’emploi et le développement des compétences. Agir sur les déséquilibres entre ces deux sphères qui coexistent sans pour autant travailler ensemble, “ clivant » l’entreprise en deux parties distinctes et distantes, constitue pour nous l’un des enjeux majeurs du développement durable des systèmes de travail. During the globalization of economy and of the exchanges, the so-called “emergent” countries see enterprises and job rate increasing. Anthropotechnology studies have shown failures of many technology transfers from countries of the “North” towards countries of the “South” during the 80’s and the 90’s. What is the state of these movements nowadays ? Moreover, do the relocations bring new stakes and processes like these technology transfers ? These evolutions impacted directly on the enterprises’ structure and organization, producing different development levels in what concerns the management scope when compared with the organization and execution domains. The “success” of the upgrade on the finance world, the marketing and the management, according to current criteria in developed countries, contrasts with the world of the production and the execution that keeps facing quite contrasting situations in terms of technical and organizational reliability and precarious working conditions with important risks for health, safety, job precariousness and expertise development. To act on the imbalances between these two spheres that coexist without working together and that “split” the companies in two distinct and distant parts, constitutes therefore one of the major stakes of the sustainable development of work systems.

Background: The wave of terrorist attacks over the past years in Europe and other regions may cause problems such as anxiety and depressive symptoms. Some studies suggest that perceived threat might also trigger physical health problems. Objective: To investigate the association between feeling threatened and subjective health during the week following a terrorist attack. Method: Online survey with a self-selected sample in the Belgian population one week after the terrorist attacks in 2016. Participants were invited through the Belgian media to fill in a questionnaire in Dutch, French or English on a website. The main outcomes were the association between 'feeling threatened' and subjective health problems. Perceived threat was measured with the question 'During the week after the attacks … Did you feel threatened?' Subjective health was measured by using standardized scales (ACSA, PHQ-4, PHQ-15). Results: A total of 2620 respondents completed the questionnaire, of whom 69.8% were female, 27.7% lived and 43.1% worked in Brussels. Gender, age, place of living and working, media exposure, religiousness and religious affiliation were associated significantly with higher perceived threat. A total of 21% of the respondents felt much or very much threatened during the week after the attacks. They reported significantly higher levels of mental and physical health problems. The most frequently reported problems were anxiety and depressive symptoms. The health problems that differentiated most markedly between those with low and high levels of perceived threat were fainting spells, chest pain and shortness of breath. Conclusion: In a self-selected sample of respondents, 'feeling threatened' was strongly associated with lower level of wellbeing and higher levels of mental and physical health problems. The most prevalent health problems were mental health problems but the most pronounced differences between people with low versus high levels of perceived threat were physical health problems.

International audience

International audience