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The Dada Movement: Origins, Literary History; The Pioneer of Surrealism. The Mysterious Figure of Romanian poetry, Tristan Tzara. Globally, the Dada movement can be considered a precursor of the crisis of European consciousness insofar as, coming as a reaction against the First World War, it rejects systems, ideologies, frontiers and rational categories. REZUMAT. Mișcarea dadaistă: începuturi, istorie literară; precursoarea suprarealismului. Personajul misterios al poeziei românești, Tristan Tzara. Luatӑ în integralitate, mișcarea Dada poate fi consideratӑ drept sindrom precursor al crizei conștiinţei europene în mӑsura în care, apărând ca reacție împotriva primului război mondial, ea refuzӑ sistemele, ideologiile, frontierele și categoriile raţionale. Cuvinte cheie: dadaism, suprarealism, artӑ, sculpturӑ, crizӑ, primul rӑzboi mondial, tabula rasa, umor negru.

The paper approaches the problem of the development mechanism of international migration at community level.Some empirical observations cumulated during several researches,at origin and destination area, regarding Romanian migration to Spain constitute the starting points. Appealing to the distinction introduced by Mark Granovetter in 1976 between weak and strongties, we find that, if initially migration develops almost exclusively based on social relations that could be assimilated to strong ties,there is a moment in the process of development when the departures on the base of weak ties, with important consequences on the migrant’s situation at destination, increase.The paper tries to clarify, preponderantly invoking theoretical arguments,in what measure the departures based on weak ties between migrant and non migrant are normal in the process of international migration development at community level. The study concludes that, because of cumulative effects, migration evolution to a phase when the departure is possible based on weak ties is explainable.Two mechanisms mainly contribute to this result: enhancement of incentives to migrate (because of quantitative and qualitative information increase; visibility of migration effects in the origin area;changes of relative deprivation at community level) and migration costs and risk lowering, with the consequence of reduction of effective support that a non-migrant needs from one migrant in order to migrate.

Utopias are perfect places but the term itself says that they are nowhere to be found, making them practically impossible. Dystopias, even if they are written as a warning of how things can get worse, seem much more probable. All utopian societies are systems of plenty where everyone has enough and no one lacks the basic necessities. Yet resources do not come out of nowhere. A political system may be needed in a utopia but it is not the sole condition. A barren environment would make perfection impossible. A devastated land, then, can lead to a dystopia. Our way of life is connected to the environment around us. A drastic change there would alter human behavior significantly. If utopia is the dream situation, the dystopia is obviously the nightmare. The late 20th century had a feeling of “the end”, a lot of finalities were imagined, including “the end of history”. However, once those notions were left behind, even dystopias started to imagine events happening in a post-apocalyptic situation. One such dystopia is The Road, a novel about the struggles of a father and a son trying to survive after an unnamed cataclysm. The father’s desire to take his child toward the sea, where he thinks it might be safe, also implies a journey through the devastated land. In their travel they will witness the devastation of nature and the changes that brings to human behavior, a change that was unwanted and, for the son, an inheritance the father was unwilling to pass on.

En este trabajo abordamos la revisión del subgénero Iberobathynella (Iberobathynella) Camacho & Serban, 1998, compuesto por cinco especies endémicas de la Península Ibérica y que pertenecen a la tribu Iberobathynellini Camacho & Serban, 1998. Se presenta una descripción completa de la especie Iberobathynella (Iberobathynella) paragracilipes Camacho & Serban, 1998 de la cual sólo se dispone hasta la fecha de una diagnosis preliminar. Se realiza un análisis de la variación poblacional de la misma. Se muestra la posición filogenética de este subgénero, el más primitivo, dentro de la tribu que consta de 4 géneros y 5 subgéneros, y se concluye que las especies I. gracilipes (Braga, 1960) e I. paragracilipes parecen ser más plesiomorfas que el grupo formado por las otras tres especies del subgénero, I. (I.) lusitanica (Braga, 1949), I. (I.) valbonensis (Galhano, 1970) e I. (I.) barcelensis (Noodt & Galhano, 1969). Con la distribución actual del género en la Península Ibérica, las implicaciones paleogeográficas de la misma y las relaciones filogenéticas se deduce que la especiación del grupo pudo tener lugar a finales del Cretácico (65 Ma).