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For years, sustainability has been one of the major challenges of tourism policy. In this context, the 2030 Agenda can become an important tool for working towards sustainability in the tourism sector, as it is a comprehensive and cross-cutting agenda, that includes the economic, social and environmental spheres from an indivisible perspective. This article aims to analyze the integration of the 2030 Agenda into Spanish tourism policy. To do so, qualitative methodology is used, through the technique of content analysis of the guiding documents of this sectoral policy in Spain. Three dimensions of analysis are addressed: problems, values and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The results show that, although Spanish tourism policy incorporates some key issues of the 2030 Agenda, it has a greater focus on the economic and environmental dimensions, while the social dimension is incorporated in a more limited way. These findings show that tourism policy has its own interests and logics from which it approaches each of the dimensions of sustainability.

In the article examines the cooperation between the European Union and Brazil in the fields of healthcare and environmen-tal protection, which represents a key aspect of their interac-tion, encompassing areas with a significant impact on socie-ty's well-being and the preservation of natural resources and ecosystems on the planet. This article explores the opportuni-ties and challenges of cooperation between the EU and Brazil in healthcare and environmental protection, with a focus on their shared strategic priorities. The author highlights an im-portant factor: the new government of Brazil, led by L. da Sil-va, raises the issue of the alignment of Brazil's policy with EU priorities and its commitment to post-pandemic development and sustainable green growth. The article covers both existing programs and initiatives and potential prospects for Brazilian-European cooperation, emphasizing how such collaboration can contribute to European support for ensuring a sustainable future for Brazil as a representative of the Global South. It is argued that for successful cooperation, the parties must focus on finding compromises and incentives to combat deforesta-tion, promote environmental security, and achieve post-pandemic sustainable development. The author underscores the need to deepen cooperation between Brazil and the EU through the use of multilateral platforms, including the revival of regular "EU-Brazil" summits to develop a common agenda and enhance mutual understanding.

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2024 9(1), 229-245 | European Forum Insight of 02 July 2024 | (Table of Contents) I. Introduction. - II. EU approach to International Investment Law. - ii.1. EU competence over Foreign Direct Investment. - ii.2. Integration of sustainable development into investment agreements. - III. EU-Angola SIFA. - iii.1. History of the agreement. - iii.2. Substantive provisions of the EU-Angola SIFA. - IV. Is the EU-Angola SIFA a step forward towards the promotion of sustainable investments? - iv.1. Differences with other IIAs. - iv.2. An effective way to implement SGDs? - V. Conclusion. | (Abstract) In 2019 the EU Commission launched the ambitious so-called European Green Deal, a set of proposals aimed to revise and update EU legislation and to put in place new initiatives with the goal to ensure that EU policies are in line with climate and SDGs goals. To reach the targets set out by the EU institutions, a crucial role is attributed to private investments, which can mobilize the necessary capital to make feasible the green transition. In this regard, trade agreements are an important driver for sustainable growth both in the EU and in partner countries insofar as they promote private investments in strategic sectors while at the same time they contribute to sustainable development. While the EU Commission has already started to insert trade and sustainable development (TSD) chapters in its trade agreements, another possible path has been identified in the conclusion of new-generation bilateral investment agreements. This Insight examines the recently adopted EU-Angola Sustainable Investment Facilitation Agreement (EU-Angola SIFA) as the first of this new generation of investment agreements. Specifically, this Insight points out that, while the agreement is not yet in force and it will take several years to gauge whether it successfully serves as a stimulus to attract sustainable investments, it can already be considered a further attempt to balance the necessity to attract private capitals indispensable for the green transition with the preservation of States’ regulatory powers.

The objective of this research article is to analyze the level of sustainable development in urban areas of Latin America. To this end, a systematic review was carried out based on the PRISMA method, limiting the search from January 2018 to July 2023, using the Scopus and Scielo databases and the Google Scholar search engine, to systematize and analyze the articles. on sustainable development. In this way, 15 articles from different authors, languages , and countries were analyzed. As a result, it was specified that Latin American countries show three levels of sustainable development: advanced, intermediate, and low, the latter being the most predominant in the region with 46.67%, among the articles analyzed. Additionally, it could be seen that the situation constantly changes based on the approach and dimension addressed. As a conclusion to the study, it is pointed out that, although there are advances in areas such as university education and renewable energies, there are different challenges in water management and waste control, technological innovation, and sustainability in the extractive industry.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to describe the development of a Health Information and Communication Technology for the health care of long-haul truck drivers and their families. Methods: this is a description of the development of an Information and Communication Technology, developed from March to September 2023, following the systematization of the experience in five steps: 1) starting point, 2) initial questions, 3) recovery of the lived process, 4) background reflection, and 5) arrival points. Results: the technology called “Work-Family Balance,” electronically available, presents resources for the health care of long-haul truck drivers. It is anchored in studies on the health of long-haul truck drivers, notes from the International Labor Organization, the Strategic Action Plan for Confronting Chronic Diseases and Non-Communicable Diseases in Brazil, 2021-2030, and the Declaration by the International Association of Family Nursing. Final Considerations: the theoretical improvement of nursing can potentially improve the health care of long-haul truck drivers, prevent Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, and promote work-life balance to achieve the goals of Agenda 2030.

This study focuses on the environmental issue in Portugal after the 25th of April, analysing the problem from three main perspectives: the contextual diachronic perspective of the critical Anthropocene construction; the relevance of the environmental issue at national and international level and environmental policies in the Portuguese legislative framework, involving questions relating to the normativity of environmental law, legislative discourse and the semantic value of the expressions “environmental quality”, “nature conservation”, “self- sustaining development”, “sustainable development”, “environmental education”, “natural environment”, and “human environment” as concepts associated with the evolution of environmental policies in post-April 25th Portugal. The question is that the Portuguese legal framework use of these concepts may contain an ambivalent valuation, oscillating between conservationist or environmentalist goals and developmentalist aims. The qualitative research methodology is mixed, using the exploratory and the comparative method according to the principles of concordance and difference in analysing legislative discourse.

RESUMEN - Introducción/objetivo: en el contexto actual, la economía verde ha ganado en importancia como campo de estudio y línea de investigación multidisciplinaria. Por ello, se precisó alcanzar un entendimiento profundo de sus tendencias bibliométricas, las principales líneas y los retos fundamentales que enfrenta en la matriz del desarrollo sostenible. Con el fin de explorar la literatura de impacto, el estudio se condujo en la base de datos Scopus (2022-2024). Metodología: se realizó un estudio mixto de revisión en dos fases con estructura embebida (Cuan-cual), la primera con diseño bibliométrico y la segunda con enfoque hermenéutico. Se analizaron un total de 822 estudios en la primera fase y 23 en la segunda. Resultados: los hallazgos confirman el crecimiento del campo, así como el incremento de su relevancia, y a la vez permitieron elaborar los ejes de tensión que dan forma a la intersección entre sostenibilidad y economía verde. Conclusiones: se presenta una síntesis de los desafíos y potencialidades, así como se ofrecen ideas para entender el estado de la economía verde como campo y la realización de estudios futuros. ABSTRACT - Introduction/Objective: In today’s context, the green economy has emerged as a pivotal multidisciplinary field of study and research. This study aims to delve deeply into its bibliometric trends, primary research themes, and critical challenges within the framework of sustainable development. The objective was to explore influential literature, conducted through analysis of the Scopus database spanning from 2022 to 2024. Methodology: This study employed a two-phase mixed-method review with an embedded design (quan-qual). The first phase utilized bibliometric analysis, while the second phase adopted a hermeneutic approach. A total of 822 studies were analyzed in the initial phase, followed by an in-depth examination of 23 studies in the second phase. Results: The findings underscore the burgeoning growth and increasing relevance of the green economy. Moreover, they outline the key thematic tensions that define the intersection between sustainability and the principles of the green economy. Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive synthesis of the challenges and potentials inherent in the green economy as a field of study. It also offers insights into future research directions to further elucidate its current state and trajectory.

From 2018 to 2021, the global landscape was significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Indonesia, which faced the highest number of COVID-19 cases in Asia, demonstrated remarkable resilience in maintaining the Sustainable Development Goal 8 (SDG 8) trajectory amidst these challenging times. This study aims to scrutinise Indonesia's sustained commitment to sustainable development during the global economic downturn. Using a qualitative methodology and a comprehensive literature review, this study uses the Voluntary National Review (VNR) reports as its primary source. It assesses the achievement of SDG 8 based on the process step indicators established by Allen et al. (2017). Despite experiencing a recession for four consecutive quarters, the study finds that Indonesia has successfully met all the established indicators, although there are challenges and areas that require further attention.

In an anthropocynical epoch of severe environmental crisis, geoscientists have unique skills to drive the transition to sustainability. Therefore, the geological literacy of society is essential to seek solutions to major challenges. However, the formal education of geology differs considerably from the desirable. Fortunately, there are out of school organizations in charge of geology outreach. In this work, an analysis and redesign of the teaching material offered by the GeoEskolak program of the Geopark of the Basque Coast is carried out. This material is aimed to 4th grade secondary education students who visit the Flysch of Zumaia. The new "Teacher's Manual" has been developed following the strategy defined by the DBS methodology for the design of a sequence and is adapted to the LOMLOE curriculum and the Sustainable Development Goals.

Objective. The rational use of medicines offers a cost-saving strategy to maximize therapeutic outcomes for developing and developed countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rational use of medicines for selected noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) at three pharmacies at public hospitals in Jamaica using the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) prescribing indicators. Methods. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, prescriptions for adult outpatients containing at least one medicine for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma that were filled between January and July 2019 were reviewed using WHO’s prescribing indicators for the rational use of medicines. Data were analyzed and expressed as descriptive and inferential statistics. For all analyses conducted, significance was determined at P < 0.05. Results. A total of 1 500 prescriptions covering 5 979 medicines were reviewed; prescriptions were mostly written for female patients aged 42–60 years. Polypharmacy was observed in 35.6% (534) of prescriptions, and there was an average of 4 medicines per prescription, with a maximum of 17. Most of the prescriptions at each site were filled, with the main reason for not dispensing a medicine being that it was out of stock. Generic prescribing was high for all sites, accounting for more than 95% (5 722) of prescribed medicines. There was full compliance with prescribing according to the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines at two of the sites, but it was just off the target at Site 1, by 1.4%. Conclusions. The WHO guidelines for the rational use of medicines were followed with respect to the proportion of medicines prescribed from the WHO Model List and the proportion of antibiotics prescribed. The number of medicines per prescription and the proportion of medicines prescribed by generic name did not meet the WHO criteria. However, prescribing was aligned with treatment guidelines for the selected NCDs.

China’s traditional agricultural ecological philosophy, rooted in principles like intensive planting and diversified management, has historically minimized the ecological impact of agriculture. This study explores their application in rural sustainable development, providing theoretical insights and policy recommendations to balance economic growth and environmental conservation. The excellent ecological tradition of intensive planting, the combination of utilization and cultivation, and the diversified management passed down for thousands of years have played a very good role in alleviating the damage of agricultural farming to the ecological environment. Applying these concepts to the sustainable development of rural areas can balance rural economic development and environmental protection, regulate land use, maintain ecological balance and, finally, achieve harmonious coexistence. By analyzing China’s traditional agricultural ecological philosophy, this study identifies valuable ideological resources and provides methodological guidance for promoting sustainable rural development. It proposes strategies to balance economic growth with environmental protection, thereby ensuring the long-term ecological balance and harmonious coexistence in rural areas.

This study aims to analyze the initiatives taken during the Cooperation Day («C Day»), of Brazilian cooperatives and their contributions to the fulfillment of the 2030 Agenda. To this end, actions developed by Brazilian cooperatives in reference to the C Day related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), made available by the National Cooperative Learning Service (SESCOOP), were analyzed. Activities performed during the 2017 to 2020 period were analyzed. Results show the contributions of Brazilian cooperatives to the fulfillment of the SDGs. under analysis increased over time, although it is possible to observe disparities in the execution of the program in regional terms, in terms of the branches of activities involved, the impacted SDGs, and the dimensions met (economic, social, environmental or institutional). Recibido: 29 agosto 2023 Aceptado: 26 junio 2024

Labor law is traditionally viewed as a crucial mechanism for advancing gender equality in the workplace by providing a framework to eliminate sex-based discrimination and enhance women’s participation in the workforce. As nations strive to achieve the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the significance of such laws is amplified, with gender equality not only a key indicator but also an enabler for other SDGs. This study demonstrates that, despite recent reforms in Vietnam's labour law reducing barriers to female employment, pervasive gender inequality persists, fuelled by enduring employment stereotypes that often depict women as victims. To develop a sustainable workforce, Vietnam's labor laws and policies should implement strategies to dismantle these stereotypes. This research suggests transitioning from the traditional approach of female protection to involving men in domestic roles. A strategy targeting men is expected to promote gender equality in the Vietnamese workforce by altering employer perceptions of female employees' maternal roles. From the perspective of masculinity theory, the potential of paternity bonuses is significant; they can enhance women’s career opportunities by alleviating domestic burdens and broadening acceptable roles for men.

The objective of this research is to analyse the main barriers to implementing models related to the circular economy and reverse logistics in the framework of corporate social responsibility in Ecuador. The study has used a qualitative approach, using a non-probabilistic sample of seven companies, interviewing experts in the fields of production and operations management, as well as reverse logistics and the circular economy. The results, provided by Atlas.ti software, identify that the most common obstacles to putting reverse logistics and circular economy models into practice are the lack of stakeholder commitment, information on business sustainability and private and government investment, and the negative impact on the cost-benefit ratio of Latin American companies based on their business culture.

ABSTRACT Objective: To unveil the meanings that nursing professionals attribute to practices related to waste management in health services, within the hospital context. Method: Qualitative research, whose theoretical and methodological references were, respectively, Complexity Theory and Grounded Theory. A total of 30 nursing professionals from a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro participated in the study, between January and August 2022. A semi-structured interview was used for data collection. Results: The professionals indicate the need for better knowledge about waste management in healthcare services, while revealing their understanding on the importance of this process and of themselves as important elements in impacting the environment and health. Conclusion: The complexity of the meanings attributed to healthcare waste management practices indicates the dialogue between the fragility of nursing professionals’ knowledge and their expanded perceptions about the impacts they can have on this reality.

The research aimed to analyze the contribution of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to the competitiveness of supermarkets in Florencia, Caquetá in southern Colombia. In a sample of six supermarkets, a self-assessment survey of CSR and competitiveness variables was carried out for 2021 to 2022, consisting of six dimensions: values and ethical principles, responsible marketing, economy and finance, social commitment, quality of working life, and environment. The tool makes it possible to measure the commitment of the organization's CSR activities to competitiveness. The environment is the dimension with the lowest score and contribution to competitiveness in the dimensions evaluated in the supermarkets (2.0 on a scale of 0.0 - 3.0). According to the correlation analysis, there is a relationship between CSR and competitive position. Awareness-raising and training actions aimed at stakeholders are proposed.

Objective. To analyze temporal trends and inequalities in neonatal mortality between 2000 and 2020, and to set neonatal mortality targets for 2025 and 2030 in the Americas. Methods. A descriptive ecological study was conducted using 33 countries of the Americas as units of analysis. Both the percentage change and average annual percentage change in neonatal mortality rates were estimated. Measurements of absolute and relative inequality based on adjusted regression models were used to assess cross-country social inequalities in neonatal mortality. Targets to reduce neonatal mortality and cross-country inequalities were set for 2025 and 2030. Results. The estimated regional neonatal mortality rate was 12.0 per 1 000 live births in 20002004 and 7.4 per 1 000 live births in 2020, representing a percentage change of 38.3% and an average annual percentage change of 2.7%. National average annual percentage changes in neonatal mortality rates between 20002004 and 2020 ranged from 5.5 to 1.9 and were mostly negative. The estimated excess neonatal mortalityin the 20% most socially disadvantaged countries, compared with the 20% least socially disadvantaged countries, was 17.1 and 9.8 deaths per 1 000 live births in 20002004 and 2020, respectively. Based on an extrapolation of recent trends, the regional neonatal mortality rate is projected to reach 7.0 and 6.6 neonatal deaths per 1 000 live births by 2025 and 2030, respectively. Conclusions. National and regional health authorities need to strengthen their efforts to reduce persistent social inequalities in neonatal mortality both within and between countries.

We are facing a time of multidimensional crisis that demands new policy responses that place sustainable development at the centre. The 2030 Agenda was born in 2015 as a framework for collective action in response to the challenge of the multidimensional crisis, with the aim of serving as a guide for all countries to move towards sustainable development. This article addresses this challenge by studying the implementation of the 2030 Agenda in Uruguay between 2015 and 2020. It analyses the deployment of this agenda with reference to six critical areas for the success of the 2030 Agenda: the visions and narratives of the agenda, the institutional framework, the strategic vision, coordination and coherence between actors, the role of civil society and the specific instruments for its implementation. The article focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of this process, highlighting the excessive focus on the dynamics of technocratisation and accountability that can undermine efforts for achieving sustainable development.

The attitudes and behaviors of people toward nature have evolved throughout modern history. For a long time, the dominant paradigm was that of human beings as technocrats, leaders, and administrators of nature (anthropocentric paradigm). The discussion then begins about a new ecological paradigm, in which nature ceases to have only an instrumental value and obtains an intrinsic value (ecocentric paradigm). In recent years, scholars have postulated a reconciliation of both extremes with the creation of the concept of sustainable development. The objective of this qualitative research is to explore the extent to which this reconciliation is discernible in Spanish-speaking digital rhetoric by analyzing scientific articles, web pages, images, videos, and tweets. This study provides a starting point to monitor this type of controversy inside digital conversations and the importance of the topics, actors, and references related to this and other relevant trends. The results demonstrate that the dominant paradigm in digital content, that is, related to the theme of sustainability, is the ecocentric paradigm. The study concludes that this apparent reconciliation toward the ecocentric could be more of a product of a systematic greenwashing than that of a true sustainable practice.

The research question is whether Marine Spatial Planning is a tool, a methodology, a political process, or a combination of the three. Thus, this paper provides an understanding of Marine Spatial Planning: its origins, historical analysis, development, implications, and agendas, both globally and in Brazil. Concepts like politics, economics, law, the environment, geography, and strategy employed in ocean studies, which are always changing and being talked about in terms of how they work together and clash, are used as theoretical references. The research methodology employs an extensive bibliographical review of primary and secondary sources while prioritizing qualitative analytic methods. Conclusions are drawn about the international maritime community's understanding of Marine Spatial Planning, specifically its role in enhancing ocean governance and restructuring state marine territories, as well as the intricate connections between these aspects. In Brazil, despite the relative priority of political power in the last decade, given Brazil's international commitments, Marine Spatial Planning is still in its early stages, with not much expressed in effective domestic actions.

In summary, this article emphasizes the importance of education for sustainable development in higher education practices. By addressing the challenges and proposing strategies to integrate sustainable development into all disciplines, higher education institutions can take the lead in promoting sustainability and preparing students for a sustainable future.

Today, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the main framework of reference when addressing sustainability and human development. Unfortunately, there are several aspects and issues that the SDGs have ignored or underestimated and can become serious obstacles to their success. Among them, the ethical, cultural, and spiritual dimensions of human life seem to have faded into oblivion. Without these dimensions, the SDGs may become a kind of well-intended but blind problem-solving strategy that ignores the reasons of the crisis it wants to redress. This absence is apparent when the vocabulary used by the SDGs comes under scrutiny and is still more evident when it is compared with the language used in other well-known international declarations on the same subject. Bringing this shortcoming to light opens the possibility for the SDGs to review the strategies with which they could be more effective when pursuing their purposes in the coming years.