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Abstract A peach breeding program started in 1963, at the Experiment Station of Pelotas, nowadays Embrapa Clima Temperado, whose primary aim was developing cultivars adapted to mild winter conditions. Its first priority was to obtain cultivars of canning type fruits, and over the years, the fresh market cultivars acquired equal importance. This article analyzes the data of 84 fresh market cultivars, obtained in Pelotas, from 1964 to 2017, focusing on the following parameters: time of ripening, fruit development period, average fruit mass, number of fruits per tree, productivity per plant and total soluble solids. First, the data were tabulated, divided into two periods (1964-1984 and 1985-2017), and the descriptive statistical analysis was performed, followed by an analysis via mixed models and estimates of genetic progress via meta-analysis. The main results revealed a reduced fruit development period of the fresh market peaches belonging to that program. It was also observed a significant spread of the time of ripening (end of September or beginning of October until January), with a slight tendency for earliness. Genetic gain was observed for yield corresponding to 1.17 and 2.25% per year, for 1964-1984 and 1985-2017, respectively.

Background: In terms of breeding perennial plants, the Embrapa's blackberry breeding program is relatively recent. It started between the end of the 1970s and beginning of the 1980s with a very limited number of cultivars plus a fairly good number of seeds from hybridizations made at the University of Arkansas, USA. Objective: this paper aim to present, in a summarized way, the current stage and recent achievements regarding the top priorities of the breeding program Methodology: Controlled hybridizations is the main method used and adaptation to mild winters conditions besides a higher ratio (sugar/acid contents) are among the main objectives. Results: Other objectives include high productivity, large size and firm fruits, good post-harvest conservation, erect, thornless canes and harvest period at different time of ‘Tupy,’ the most important one, in Brazil. Implications: It is believed that in the coming years, the Brazilian market will learn to like fresh blackberry, mainly considering the release of ‘BRS Cainguá’ and others that hopefully will follow. Conclusion: The present status of the program and achievements related to the main goals are discussed. Advanced selections with potential to become a future cultivar are briefly described, emphasizing next probable releases.

ABSTRACT: Strawberry guava (Psidium cattleyanumm Sabine) is a species native to southern Brazil which exhibits significant potential for economic exploitation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth response of strawberry guava subjected to liming and phosphate fertilizer in pre-planting. The treatments consisted of four lime levels: 0; 33.3; 66.6 and 100 % of the dose needed to increase the pH in water to 6.0, and four phosphorus (P) doses: 0; 83.3; 166.6 and 250 kg ha–1 of P2O5. Plant growth parameters were evaluated for three years. In the years 2018 and 2019, the mineral composition of leaves, photosynthethic pigment indices and mycorrhizal colonization on strawberry guava roots were measured. Liming and phosphate fertilizer altered neither plant growth nor the photosynthetic pigment indices and there was no interaction between the factors studied and the remaining variables evaluated. However, liming promoted increases in the Ca and Mg shoot content, and the phosphate fertilizer increased the levels of shoot P in the third year of growth. Mycorrhizal colonization was stronger when the P soil levels were low, which could explain the absence of response to phosphate fertilization on plant growth for the first three years after planting.

Genetic breeding work requires continuity as well as a significant amount of time, work and resources (human, genetic and financial). Despite this, the development of new cultivars has become a fairly good business in the United States and in several European countries. Thus, most large American and European nurseries have their own breeding program. On the other hand, public institutions in several countries are experiencing a strong tendency to obtain and maintain germplasm, genetic studies and breeding techniques. Certainly, joint efforts, such as those mainly by the RosBreed group in the United States and Fruit Breedomics in Europe, are of great importance, as they provide important tools for classical breeders, mainly regarding to molecular markers. The most used method in cultivar development is still the controlled hybridization, followed by phenotypic selection and clonal propagation. Among the priority objectives of most peach breeding programs are: adaptation to climate change (low chilling genotypes; tolerant to high or very low temperatures); productivity; fruit appearance (without pronounced tip or bulge; attractive color, and large size), and fruit quality (sweeter flavor, and flesh firmness); stone adherence (free or semi-freestone for fresh consumption); fruit firmness and conservation (resistance to handling and transportation, low ethylene production) and disease resistance.

Abstract Even though the peach tree was introduced in Brazil during the XVI century, it was only on the 1940’s that the first peach breeding program started in the country. Later on, other programs started being, until now, the largest ones, and the programs that gave more significant contributions to the peach crop development those from the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas and from Embrapa Temperate Agriculture. Presently, peach is cultivated not only in the colder areas of the South but also in the subtropics and high altitude areas of the tropics, due to dozens of cultivars released by these breeding programs. Peaches are sold entirely in the domestic market and in the largest consumers market, State of São Paulo, the preference is for white sweet flesh and low acid peaches with attractive appearance. The ‘BRS Serenata’ cultivar was released to fulfill a gap of white flesh peach between the seasons of ‘BRS Kampai’ and ‘BRS Fascínio’.

Abstract Brazil presents a great variety of native fruits, which have aroused commercial interest, such as the strawberry guava. In this sense, many researches have looked for alternatives that allow postharvest availability of fruits, considering that perishability is a limiting factor for its commercialization. The freezing process is an important alternative in the sense of making these fruits available for longer on the market. The use of L-ascorbic acid is a potent protective agent in the stability of bioactive compounds in fruit pulps. The objective of this study was to evaluate potentially bioactive compounds present in red and yellow strawberry guava pulps added with L-ascorbic acid (1% m / m) and verify its effect on retention of these compounds and in its antioxidant activity during the frozen storage (-20 ± 2ºC). In the pulps were analyzed: antioxidant activity by the capture of the DPPH° and ABTS° radicals, phenols, anthocyanins and total carotenoids. L-ascorbic acid positively influences the retention of bioactive compounds (total phenols, total anthocyanins and total carotenoids) in red and yellow strawberry guava pulps during 120 days of frozen storage (-20 ± 2 ºC).

Foram utilizados marcadores AFLP para a avaliação de populações de plantas de pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora) oriundas de autopolinização e de polinização livre, com o objetivo de verificar a variabilidade existente entre e dentro dessas populações, visando a fornecer mais informações que ajudem no entendimento do modo de reprodução dessa espécie. O material vegetal utilizado foi oriundo de duas seleções de pitangueira ("Pit 15" e "Pit 52"), mantidas na Embrapa Clima Temperado. De cada seleção, foram obtidas duas populações F1, por meio de autopolinização e de polinização livre, totalizando quatro populações. Foram analisados 18 indivíduos de cada população e as duas plantas-mãe, totalizando 74 indivíduos. Foram utilizadas três combinações de primers AFLP e calculada a similaridade genética entre plantas pelo coeficiente de Jaccard. Uma estimativa da variabilidade genética entre e dentro das populações foi estimada pela AMOVA. As três combinações de primers AFLP utilizadas amplificaram um total de 178 locos AFLP, dos quais 114 (64,0%) foram polimórficos entre todos os indivíduos. Não houve separação clara entre populações descendentes da mesma planta-mãe. Foi observado maior polimorfismo de marcadores AFLP em populações de polinização livre. A proporção da variabilidade genética total entre populações foi significativa, embora tenha sido menor do que aquela observada dentro das populações. A reprodução da pitangueira é decorrente tanto da autofertilização quanto da polinização cruzada, sendo necessário, no entanto, novos estudos para determinar qual a estratégia de reprodução mais eficiente.AFLP molecular markers were used aiming to study the genetic variability within and between Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora) populations, originated from self-pollination and open pollination of two selections (Pit 15 and Pit 52) of the Embrapa Clima Temperado collection. The objective was to achieve a better understanding about the reproduction mode of this species. Two progenies were obtained from each selection being one from self-pollination and another from open-pollination, resulting in four populations. The analysis was carried out in 18 individuals of each progeny and the two mother plants, totalizing 74 genotypes. Three AFLP primer combinations were used and the genetic similarity was calculated by Jaccard coefficient. Genetic variability within and between populations was estimated by AMOVA. The three primer combinations amplified 178 loci, of which 114 (64%) were polimorphic, considering all the genotypes. There was not a clear separation between the two progenies of the same mother plant. Larger polimorphism of AFLP markers was observed in the open-pollinated populations. The proportion of total genetic variability was significant, between populations from open-pollination, although smaller than the variability observed within populations. The Surinam cherry reproduction is based on both self-fertilization as well as cross-pollination. Nevertheless it is rather important to do further studies in order to determine which reproduction mode is the most efficient.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o uso da enxertia de garfagem em fenda cheia na propagação vegetativa de diferentes genótipos de pitangueira. Foram utilizados sete genótipos do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de fruteiras nativas do Sul do Brasil, mantidos na Embrapa Clima Temperado, em Pelotas-RS, dos quais foram coletados garfos (estacas semilenhosas), com aproximadamente 5 cm de comprimento. Utilizou-se como porta-enxertos de plantas de pitangueira oriundas de sementes. O diâmetro médio no ponto de enxertia foi de 2,5 mm. A enxertia foi realizada em setembro de 2006. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, sendo a unidade experimental constituída por 10 plantas. Foram avaliadas as percentagens de brotação e de pegamento dos enxertos. Os percentuais de estacas brotadas variaram entre 45,0% e 95,0%, enquanto o pegamento dos enxertos variou entre 40,0% e 87,5%. Percentuais acima de 65,0% foram obtidos para as seleções "Pit 75", "Pit 61" e "Pit 137", para ambos os parâmetros avaliados, brotação e pegamento dos enxertos. Existe diferença entre genótipos desta espécie quanto à capacidade de pegamento na enxertia por garfagem no topo em fenda cheia. Este tipo de enxertia é apropriado para a propagação vegetativa da pitangueira.This work had the objective of testing cleft grafting as a way to asexually propagate different genotypes of Surinam cherry. Bud wood of around 5 cm length were collected from seven genotypes of the Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS. Seedling plants of Surinam cherry seedlings were used as rootstocks. The average diameter at the grafting point was 2.5 mm. Grafting was done on September, 2006. The experiment was carried out as a completely randomized design with four replications and 10 plants per plot. Evaluations were based on percentage of obtained plants in relation to the total number of grafts and percentage of grafts with leaf burst. Percentages of grafts with leaf break were between 45.0% and 95% whereas percentages of grafting success in actually obtained the desirable clones were between 40.0% to 87.5%. Percentages above 65.0% for evaluated parameters, leafing and grafting success were obtained in selections "Pit 75", "Pit 61" and "Pit 137". There were differences among genotypes for percentage of cleft grafting success in Surinam cherry propagation. This type of grafting is recommended for Surinam cherry vegetative propagation.

A pitangueira é uma frutífera nativa com potencial para exploração comercial. Entretanto, os métodos de propagação mais comuns não são satisfatórios para a multiplicação desta espécie em larga escala. O objetivo do trabalho foi o de avaliar o uso do método de enxertia de garfagem no topo, em fenda cheia e dupla fenda, bem como a melhor época para a realização desta prática (julho, agosto e setembro), nas condições do Sul do Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido no ano de 2005, na Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas-RS. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 (tipo de garfagem x época de enxertia), com 5 repetições. Conclui-se que a enxertia de garfagem no topo, em fenda cheia e/ou em dupla fenda, pode ser utilizada para a propagação vegetativa da pitangueira durante o inverno, sendo que a enxertia de garfagem em fenda cheia proporcionou melhores percentuais de pegamento dos enxertos (60,0%) do que a garfagem em dupla fenda (44,2%). Quanto à época, os melhores percentuais foram obtidos no mês de setembro, com 67,5% de pegamento dos enxertos, seguido pelo mês de agosto e julho, com 51,3% e 37,5%, respectivamente.The Surinam cherry is a native fruit from Brazil with a great potential for commercial production. However, the common clonal propagation methods have not given a high percentage of success. The present work had the aim to test the use of two types of grafting: cleft graft and wedge graft as well as the best time to use this technique (July, August and September), under Southern Brazil conditions. The experiment was carried out at EMBRAPA Clima Temperado, in Pelotas, RS, in the year of 2005. The experimental design was completely randomized arranged as a 2x3 factorial plan (type of grafting x time), with 5 replications . It was concluded that both types of grafting could be used, during the winter time, for asexual propagation of Surinam cherry. Cleft grafting had the highest percentage of survival (60%) when compared to the wedge grafting (44.2%). The highest percentage of grafting success was obtained in September with 67.5%, followed by the months of August and July, with 51.3% and 37.5%, respectively.

O mirtilo (Vaccinium sp.) é uma espécie de clima temperado que, por ocasião do período vegetativo, produz abundante quantidade de material vegetal que pode ser utilizado na propagação. Objetivou-se verificar o potencial de enraizamento de estacas herbáceas de diferentes cultivares de mirtilo, tratadas ou não com ácido indolbutírico e com e sem lesão na base. O trabalho foi realizado em dois experimentos, testando a capacidade de enraizamento das cultivares Florida, Woodard, Bluegem, Bluebele, Clímax e Briteblue. No primeiro experimento, as estacas das cultivares foram tratadas com AIB (0, 2500, 5000 e 7500mgL-1). No segundo experimento utilizou-se 2000mgL-1 de AIB, em estacas com e sem lesão na base. O delineamento utilizado foi completamente casualizado com repetições e unidades experimentais adequadas para cada experimento. O uso do ácido indolbutírico e a lesão nas estacas, não proporcionaram estímulo na emissão de raízes adventícias; as cultivares apresentam potencial genético de enraizamento diferenciado, sendo que, a Bluebelle apresentou maiores porcentuais de estacas enraizadas, e a Clímax, os menores porcentuais.Blueberries (Vaccinium sp.) are species of temperate climate that, for occasion of the vegetative period, produce large amount of vegetal material that can be used in the propagation. This way, with the aim of verifying the rooting potential of different herbaceous cuttings of blueberry cultivars, with the use or not of indolbutíric acid and base injury. The work was carried out in two experiments, having tested the capacity of rooting of the following cultivars Florida, Woodard, Bluegem, Bluebele, Clímax and Briteblue. In the first experiment, cuttings of cultivars were treated with IBA (0, 2500, 5000 and 7500mg.L-1). On the second experiment one used 2000mg.L-1 of AIB, in cuttings with and without injury in the base. The experimental design was the completely randomized with adjusted repetitions and experimental units for each experiment. After 90 days, it was evaluated rooting percentage for each cultivar submitted to IBA treatment with different doses. The use of the indolbutíric acid and the cutting injury, did not stimulated the emission of adventitious root; the cultivars present genetic potential of differentiated rooting, so that, the Bluebelle presented higher percentage rooting cutting, and the Climax, the lowest percentage.

A fruticultura mineira vem crescendo e diversificando-se nos últimos anos. A amora-preta surge como opção desta diversificação, e o conhecimento do comportamento desta espécie, em Minas Gerais, se faz de suma importância. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de avaliar a influência da poda de verão na produção extemporânea de variedades de amora-preta no Planalto de Poços de Caldas-MG. O trabalho foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental (FECD) da Epamig, em Caldas-MG. As análises foram realizadas na coleção de variedades mantidas na FECD. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: período de colheita, peso médio de fruto, produção média por planta e por hectare de 7 variedades (Brazos, Comanche, Guarani, Tupy, Cherokee, Caingangue e Ébano) e uma seleção (97). Concluiu-se que a produção extemporânea, induzida pela poda de verão, influiu negativamente em todas as características avaliadas. Entre as variedades que mais produziram fora de época, Tupy (2,93 t/ha) e Comanche (3,26 t/ha) foram as que mais se destacaram.The fruit culture, in the State of Minas Gerais, has been increased and diversified considerably, during the last years. Blackberry appeared as an important option to fruit growers; however there are no trials performed in that State. The objective of this work was to evaluate the summer pruning effects on off season production of blackberries varieties. This work was carried out in Epamig - "Fazenda Experimental" in Caldas, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Fruit weight, estimated production and productivity per plant and per hectare (ha) were evaluated for seven cultivars (Brazos, Comanche, Ébano, Caingangue, Guarani, Tupy and Cherokee) and one selection (97). The results lead to conclude that summer pruning induced less production in all varieties. Highest off season production was obtained in 'Comanche' (3, 26 t/ha), followed by 'Tupy' (2,93 t/ha).

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de estabelecer condições adequadas para testes de germinação in vitro do pólen de cerejeira-do-rio-grande (Eugenia involucrata DC), bem como verificar a possibilidade de armazená-lo em freezer (-16,5°C). O pólen foi coletado de flores em estádio de balão e logo após a antese. Os meios de cultura testados foram o meio padrão (10% de açúcar e 1% de ágar em água destilada) e este acrescido de duas concentrações de H3BO3 (0,65mM e 1,3mM). Foram testadas as temperaturas de incubação de 25 e 30ºC. O período de incubação foi de três horas, para todos os tratamentos. A incubação a 25°C, em meio de cultura-padrão, proporcionou boas médias (61,4%) de germinação in vitro. Pólen coletado de flores após a antese apresentou maiores porcentagens de germinação. O boro não influenciou na germinação média do pólen. O pólen de cerejeira-do-rio-grande manteve sua viabilidade (60,0%) após 90 dias de armazenamento a -16,5°C. Entretanto, após 220 e 280 dias, esta foi reduzida para 40,6% e 24,2% e, após 530 dias, houve perda total de viabilidade.The objective of the present work was to determine a suitable medium and conditions for in vitro germination of Rio-Grande-Cherry (Eugenia involucrata DC) pollen. Possibility of storage in freezer (-16,5°C) was also studied. The pollen was collected from flowers at balloon stage and right after anthesis. The tested media were: the standard (10% sucrose, plus 1% agar dissolved in distilled water), and the addition of two H3Bo3 (0.65mM and 1.3mM) to this medium. Temperatures of incubation of 25 and 30ºC were tested. Independent of the treatment the incubation period was three hours. Incubation at 25°C in the standard medium provided good germination (61.4%). Boron did not influence the pollen germination. Pollen collected from flowers right after anthesis showed high germination percentage. The Rio-Grande-Cherry pollen conserved the viability (60.0%) after 90 days of storage at -16,5°C. However, after 220 and 280 days it was reduced to 40.6% and 24.2% and, after 530 days, there was total loss of viability.

ABSTRACT In recent years, platycarpa peaches have reached high prices due to their good acceptance in the international market. However, the great majority of the released varieties are high chill and do not adapt to Brazilian conditions except on a few microclimes of high altitudes. The cultivar BRS Mandinho is the first peach cultivar of the botanical variety platicarpa, released in Brazil and adapted to subtropical conditions. The plants are vigorous and, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the blooming occurs on the second half of July. The fruits are sweet and ripe in November with an average weight of 55.3 g.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to prepare jellies of conventional type of red strawberry guava (with added sucrose) and no added sugar and evaluate the physical and chemical composition and content of bioactive compounds in them. Four jellies formulations were prepared: conventional with addition of sucrose (F1), aspartame (F2), saccharin and cyclamate (F3), acesulfame and sucralose (F4). Physicochemical analysis of pH were carried out, as well as analysis of titratable acidity, total soluble solids, ashes, proteins, lipids, moisture, carbohydrates, calories, lightness, color tone, total phenols, anthocyanins, carotenoids, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity, by the capture of DPPH and ABTS radicals. Conventional and no added sugars jellies did not differ for total phenols, total anthocyanins and ascorbic acid. However, processing exerted significant influence (p=0.05) on total carotenoids and antioxidant activity. It is feasible to use red strawberry guava for the preparation of conventional and no added sugar jellies. The products, however, show a significant difference in carotenoids content, with the highest content of these and higher antioxidant activity in processed jellies without sugars addition.