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La fase de semillero es determinante en la utilización de plántulas con calidad para el trasplante. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la respuesta vegetativa diferenciada de cultivares de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) a dos sustratos en condiciones de bandejas. El experimento se ejecutó en la Universidad de Pinar del Río, Cuba. Se utilizaron los cultivares ‘Celeste’, ‘Desquite’, ‘Grandioso’ y ‘Radiante’, en un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial (factores: sustrato y cultivar). Los sustratos se elaboraron a base de suelo Fersialítico, materiales orgánicos (humus o turba) y cascarrilla de arroz. La siembra se realizó en bandejas de 40 alvéolos (tubetes), con capacidad para 70 g de sustrato cada uno. Los sustratos empleados garantizaron un adecuado desarrollo morfofisiológico de las plántulas de tomate, independientemente del cultivar evaluado, aunque ‘Desquite’ presentó la menor tasa absoluta de crecimiento. Con el empleo del sustrato a base de suelo, humus y cascarilla de arroz, se incrementó en 5% las plántulas útiles para el trasplante, lo que garantiza una reducción en el número de bandejas y volumen de sustrato empleados en esta fase del cultivo.

Auditors fulfill a crucial societal role by increasing the credibility of financial reports, which requires that appropriate audit quality be provided and auditors are factually independent and perceived as such. So far, regulators and researchers have focused on a few measures for improving independence, namely the prohibition of non-audit services (NAS), audit firm and audit partner rotation, and joint audits. Despite these regulatory initiatives, accounting scandals still happen, and the independence of the auditors involved is questioned. Therefore, this explorative study aims to identify alternative measures that may strengthen auditor independence. Non-professional investors and auditors participated in a survey to identify promising independence-enhancing measures.Surprisingly, not only non-professional investors but also auditors support the implementation of many instruments. Non-professional investors rate measures related to oversight, controls, and sanctions as particularly useful. Likewise, auditors perceive measures for oversight and control as helpful but rank most sanctions lower than non-professional investors. They also support a stricter civil liability and rank some direct independence-improving measures as highly useful. Overall, the participants perceive a greater need for improving the independence of public interest entity (PIE) auditors.This explorative study widens the research horizon by adding alternative measures for improving independence in appearance. Thus, researchers may identify promising avenues for future research. Also, the paper is of interest to regulators and potentially helps in setting independence standards. Auditors and audit committees can identify opportunities for taking voluntary actions to ensure factual and perceived auditor independence.

Fertile plants of Lejeunea capensis were found in Tucumán, Argentina. The population discovered in the Chaco Serrano represents a new location with respect to the nearest occurrences in Northwest of Argentina and is the first record of sporophyte-bearing plants. Here we provide an amended description and an illustration including the first data of the sporophyte of L. capensis.

Speech production involves an intricate set of actions. Its underlying cognitive mechanisms are thus historically seen as distant from those of speech perception, usually assumed to be a passive process. However, dynamic perspectives on language congregate grammar and language use, approximate phonetics and phonology, and value the role of speech perception in language development. Recent studies argue that speech production and perception are overlaying or at least highly interacting. Some scholars claim that the link between these two processes surpasses the acoustics, as studies have revealed that action also has a role in language comprehension. Phonic gestures are not just mechanisms by means of which one experiences speech production, but are supporting to perception. In this perspective, models interested in L2 development face a twofold challenge: to amalgamate speech perception and production, and to consider that speech transcends the acoustics, since - in a dynamic frame of reference - phonetic-phonological representations are auditory, gestural and general. This paper aims at presenting evidence for a gesture-driven perspective to L2 speech development in which the gesture is a phonological primitive that pervades and connects speech perception and production. By emphasizing a gesture-driven point of view, this work presents congruent and incongruent tenets among some hegemonic models for L2 speech development and an ecological/dynamic account.

Fundamento: la formación motivacional pedagógica es esencial en todos los niveles educacionales y de forma particular en las carreras de las ciencias médicas. Objetivo: caracterizar la motivación profesional pedagógica en estudiantes de Enfermería de nivel medio superior en la Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud – Enfermería en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cualitativo con un diseño transeccional descriptivo. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos para la fundamentación de la investigación, y empíricos: cuestionario a los estudiantes sobre jerarquía de motivos pedagógicos y la entrevista abierta sobre los niveles de intereses cognoscitivos de motivación profesional pedagógica. Se utilizaron el paquete estadístico SPSS, versión 21.0 y el análisis cualitativo. Resultados: se determinaron los niveles de motivación profesional pedagógica de los estudiantes; se constató un deficiente nivel de interés cognoscitivo con un predominio de motivos extrínsecos en correspondencia con la estructura de jerarquía motivacional de los educandos, entre las principales causas mencionaron las carencias de recursos tecnológicos. Conclusiones: se caracterizó la motivación profesional pedagógica en los estudiantes que conformaron el estudio y se corroboró la necesidad de realizar acciones educativas en ese sentido.

Introduction: suicide is one of the three most frequent causes of death in adolescents aged 15 and over. Objectives: to characterize the risk factors and the typification of suicidal behavior in adolescents registered in primary care from the community approach. Methods: a descriptive, transversal and observational study was carried out at Policlinic "Marta Abreu" from January 2016 to December 2018 with a population of 72 adolescents. Documentary analysis and survey were used to characterize the risks and typify in the case of a suicide attempt with the prior informed consent of the family and the adolescent. Results: male sex predominated in ages 13 to 15, with individual, family and school risk factors, the method of use was the consumption of tablets. Conclusions: most frequent risk factors: a family member gets drunk frequently, bullying at school, does not like to study, and difficulties in the relationship with parents. The male sex was the most significant in the attempt, with a non-lethal method of risk lethality, moderate severity of the circumstance and not very serious with the ingestion of drugs, with great importance from its community approach and multidisciplinary care.

Introduction: the first cause of death in elderly are oncological diseases, which require quality in the performance of the caregiver with a bioethical approach at home. Objective: to design a system of actions with a bioethical focus for caregivers of oncogeriatric patients with advanced stages of the disease and home admission. Methods: a descriptive, transversal and observational study was carried out at the "Marta Abreu de Estévez" University Polyclinic in the Municipality of Santa Clara from September 2018 to June 2019. The universe was made up of the 12 primary caretakers of oncogeriatric patients in an advanced stage of the disease admitted to the home. In order to obtain the information, documentary analysis and the application of a survey were used to measure knowledge in caregivers related to care with a bioethical approach, prior informed consent. Results: predominantly female between 50 and 59 years old, and low and high level of schooling. Learning needs were identified for palliative care with bioethical approach at home, which allowed the design of the system of actions to face this stage of life. Conclusions: Insufficient instruction was identified in caregivers about bioethical knowledge in the care of the elderly in advanced stages with oncological disease. It was pertinent to design a system of psycho-educational actions to be implemented by the health team that would contribute to the performance of the caregivers with greater quality and would respect bioethical principles during life and human dignity as the most sacred of rights.

El aneurisma de Aorta, independientemente de la localización, es una situación de urgencia en la cual se necesita una rápida captación de la patología y una decisión pronta del tratamiento. Por esta razón, es necesaria una correcta interpretación de signos y síntomas así como de estudios de imagen, los cuales serán abordados en el presente artículo así como las generalidades necesarias para poder actuar a tiempo. Se hará una revisión de cómo interpretar de manera adecuada la patología en diferentes estudios de imagen y se explicará de manera breve la población de riesgo. Se abordará la patología torácica, esto debido a la diferencia en cantidad de bibliografía cuando se compara con el aneurisma abdominal. Si bien es cierto no es la patología más común, según se discutirá, sí es importante a nivel estadístico conocer la cantidad de casos que se presentan en un servicio de salud primario ya que la mortalidad va a depender del abordaje que se realice y el tiempo en el que se tomen las decisiones.

Abstract The Santa Fé Ni laterite deposit (Brazil) developed as a consequence of weathering of serpentinized dunites that produced a regolith in which the main Ni ore zone is a ferruginous saprolite with chlorite as the main ore-carrier along with Ni-bearing Fe-oxyhydroxides. The genesis of chlorite is related to hydrothermal alteration of spinel. This study found that part of the chlorite has a supergene origin. XRPD-Rietveld method and EMPA/SEM analyses coupled with geochemical and mass balance calculations have provided further information about the chemistry and mineralogy of the main ore minerals. An attempt is made to explain the mode of formation of secondary chlorite and associated ore minerals. The main Ni-bearing minerals in the green saprolite are serpentine and minor chlorite. In the ferruginous and ochreous saprolites chlorite is a major phase with Ni contents of the order of 3 and 7 wt% NiO, respectively. Fe-oxy-hydroxides (mean NiO = 1.8 wt%) are also abundant in the ferruginous and ochreous saprolites. According to the isocon method, Al and Ti are definitely enriched in the saprolite compared to dunite. The source of Al for chlorite formation probably derives from pyroxenites and peridotite. The lateral migration of Al in solution was fundamental for the supergene formation of chlorite.

El cáncer cutáneo puede dividirse en melanoma y los no melanomas, carcinoma epidermoide y basocelular. Es importante reconocerlos debido al aumento en su incidencia y de esta forma lograr un adecuado tratamiento.

La displasia del desarrollo de cadera se logra sospechar, al realizar una examinación física completa e historia clínica, donde se pueden obtener signos e historia familiar importante que me indiquen algunos factores de riesgo. Una vez obtenidos estos resultados, se inicia el protocolo de la DDC. Entre más temprano se detecte esta patología, más rápido se inicia el tratamiento y menos secuelas a largo plazo presentan los niños. El método radiológico más efectivo hasta el momento, para el diagnostico de la DDC, es el ultrasonido en 3 meses de edad.

Este artigo é uma introdução à Análise do Discurso da Sociologia do Conhecimento (ADSC). Trata-se de uma abordagem da pesquisa discursiva dentro das ciências sociais que goza de antiga recepção no espaço de língua alemã e recentemente também em âmbito internacional. Essa abordagem combina a análise de regimes de saber/poder postulada por Foucault com o paradigma interpretativo da sociologia, em especial com a tradição pragmática do interacionismo simbólico e da sociologia do conhecimento social-construtivista. São apresentados importantes conceitos fundamentais, além de sugestões para a metodologia e a aplicação metódica de estudos discursivos correspondentes.

El objetivo del presente estudio es hacer un análisis teórico-filosófico sobre la corriente del pensamiento económico ordoliberal como una alternativa al neoliberalismo, y su transición a lo que hoy se conoce como economía social de mercado, abordando uno de los principios constituyentes formulados por Eucken (1963), como son los mercados abiertos y el control de las formas monopólicas, realizando todo una argumentación matemática fundamentada en el análisis de la oferta de mercado con respecto a sus componentes de escasez y excedentes, así como los excedentes de productor y consumidor además del precio de estrangulamiento de la oferta y la demanda. Demostrando como la morfología de mercados que mejor se ajusta al principio constituyente antes señalado son los mercados de competencia perfecta, para lo cual es necesario que las áreas de escasez y excedentes sean iguales. Además, las áreas de los excedentes de productor y consumidor deben ser iguales ante cualquier cambio en el punto de equilibrio, producto de los desplazamientos de las curvas de oferta y demanda.

This article discusses Hermann Cohen’s philosophy of virtues and presents, on its basis, an idea of the unity of human self-consciouness and God’s oneness. The first part describes the basic features of this theory of virtues and the secon part focuses on the unity of self-consciousness and God’s oneness. Key words: Hermann Cohen, Theory of virtues.

Reseña

A Dança Circular é uma prática corporal na qual as pessoas compõem um círculo e dançam juntas, buscando a integração humana na roda através do seu canto, ritmo e execução, a fim de promover o equilíbrio, bem estar físico, mental e social, integrando hoje uma das propostas de implementação das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde (PICS) no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O objetivo geral desse artigo é descrever a experiência de promoção da saúde de gestantes, parturientes e puérperas internadas em maternidade através da Dança Circular, por meio das ações extensionistas. Trata-se de um relato de experiência em uma maternidade pública no interior da Bahia, que aborda o desenvolvimento de quatro sessões de Dança Circular, com duração média de 15 minutos cada uma, com a participação de 6 gestantes, 8 puérperas, 6 acompanhantes, 1 profissional de saúde e 1 graduanda em Psicologia; os momentos foram conduzidos por 2 professoras (Enfermeiras Obstetras) e 5 discentes do curso de graduação em Enfermagem, com treinamento prévio na técnica da Dança. Durante a realização das sessões, os participantes mostraram-se sorridentes, alegres e receptivos, sentimentos esses que foram comprovados nos relatos escritos nas fichas de avaliação. As sessões de Dança Circular foram realizadas em mais de um local dentro da maternidade, com a participação de diferentes públicos em cada sessão. Foi possível perceber que a Dança Circular impactou positivamente no bem-estar das participantes. Palavras-chave: Terapias Complementares; Enfermagem Obstétrica; Relações Comunidade-Instituição Pharmaceutical care in social institutions: extension as a strategy for learning and health promotion Abstract: Circular Dance is a corporal practice in which people form a circle and dance together, seeking human integration in the circle through their singing, rhythm, and execution, in order to promote balance, physical, mental and social well-being, integrating today one of the proposals for the implementation of Integrative and Complementary Practices in Health (PICS) in the Unified Health System (SUS). The general objective of this article was to describe the health promotion experience of pregnant women, parturients, and puerperal women admitted to maternity through Circular Dance, through extension actions. It is an experience report in a public maternity hospital in the countryside of Bahia State, which addresses the development of four Circular Dance sessions. The sessions had an average duration of 15 minutes each, with the participation of 6 pregnant women, 8 puerperal women, 6 companions, 1 health professional, and 1 undergraduate student in Psychology; the moments were conducted by 2 instructors (Obstetric Nurses) and 5 students of the undergraduate nursing course, with previous training in the dance technique. During the sessions, the participants were smiling, happy and receptive, feelings that were confirmed in the reports written in the evaluation forms. The Circular Dance sessions were held in more than one place within the maternity ward, with the participation of different audiences in each session. It was possible to notice that the Circular Dance had a positive impact on the well-being of the participants. Keywords: Complementary Therapies; Obstetric Nursing; Community-Institutional Relations

Gary Alan FINE is among the most prominent figures in contemporary sociological ethnography worldwide. In this conversation, he talks about influences in his academic career and key intellectual choices. Considered to be a "serial ethnographer" who has worked in multiple settings, his work focuses on small groups and peopled ethnography, as well as on rumors, gossip, and moral story telling in tiny and larger publics. FINE describes his core theoretical interest as residing in the interplay of structure, interaction, and culture and discusses the multiple local ways society is realized by people in formal and informal social settings: ranging from baseball teams, restaurant kitchens, weather reporting to chess players—to name but a few research sites. Influenced by symbolic interactionist thinking and other important approaches to social worlds, he argues for a confident voice of ethnographic research and writing as well as the importance of conceptual work in a theory-informed empirical sociology of what people do together.

Abstract The pegmatites of the São João del Rei Pegmatitic Province are related to the Siderian protoliths of the Cassiterita and Resende Costa orthogneisses and to the Ritápolis metagranitoid of Ryacian age. Chemical analysis of garnet from twelve pegmatites reveal two different types of grains, which were found in the same pegmatitic body in six of these samples. One garnet type has almandine-spessartine composition (Sps11-7-58.8 Alm36.8-86.5 Prp0.1-4.1Grs0.0-1.4Adr0.0-2.6), grains with orange and pink tones, and scarce mineral inclusions. These garnet grains may have been formed at the magmatic stage of pegmatite crystallization. The composition of these grains plot exclusively on the Alm-Sps axis at the Prp+Grs+Adr+Uvr × Alm × Sps diagram, as expected from garnet crystallized in pegmatites, and an expansion of the field associated to pegmatites is proposed. The second type has a distinct chemical composition (Sps26.9-84.8Alm3.6-40.0 Prp0.0-10.4 Grs9.3-45.6 Adr0.1-3.4), displaying enrichment in Ca. This Ca-enriched garnet has irregular shaped colourless grains and abundant mineral inclusions. These grains may have been formed by Ca-metasomatism during the late-stage crystallization of the pegmatites.

Con la finalidad de establecer la prevalencia y factores motivacionales asociados al consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, en estudiantes del colegio Manuel María Tejada Roca, se seleccionó una muestra de 139 estudiantes de octavo grado y 167 estudiantes de undécimo grado para aplicarles una encuesta de 20 ítems y la prueba AUDIT. Se obtiene una prevalencia de consumo de bebidas alcohólicas en octavo grado y undécimo grado, de 27,3% y 61,7% de los estudiantes, respectivamente, siendo en ambos niveles académicos superior en el sexo masculino. La edad promedio del primer consumo en undécimo grado fue 14,3 años, disminuyendo en octavo grado a 12,1 años. Un 56,7% de los encuestados señalan la curiosidad como principal factor que los motivó a consumir bebidas alcohólicas, destacándose las cervezas como favoritas, con 42,6 % de las respuestas. Urgen programas preventivos al consumo de bebidas alcohólicas en estudiantes, ya que la prueba AUDIT indica que solo el 55,8 % tiene consumo de bajo riesgo, mientras que 37,5 % tiene un consumo riesgoso, 3,8 % consumo perjudicial y 2,9 % dependencia al alcohol. Se registra un rendimiento académico significativamente superior en estudiantes que no han consumido bebidas alcohólicas versus aquellos que si han consumido.

The present article proposes to design a model that provides a generic architecture which acts autonomously in public works contracting selection processes, in order to generate an automated decision criterion in the event of a tie. For the Simplified Tender selection process, in case of a tie, it is proposed to choose the bidder by means of an electronic lottery based on a controlled randomization system of encryption and transformation. For the Public Bidding selection process, in the event of a tie, the bidder is chosen by means of a predicted compliance index according to the behavior of the companies when executing similar infrastructure projects. To this end, a model that predicts the probability of success or failure of the bidder to execute a project before initiating it is generated, using artificial neural networks as an analysis tool. This paper reviews the common characteristics of artificial neural networks.

El estudio de las poblaciones de micetozoos en agroecosistemas con diversas características y grados de disturbio por actividades antropogénicas es un tema con escasa investigación en el nivel mundial. Con el objeto de estudiar esta interacción, nosotros documentamos la incidencia de dos grupos de micetozoos (mixogástridos y dictiostélidos) en dos sistemas agrícolas de caña de azúcar y piña en Costa Rica. Para cada sistema de estudio cuantificamos una serie de variables edáficas, químicas y paisajísticas. Tras el análisis, encontramos que, para ambos grupos, tres variables explicaron el 99 % de la variabilidad de incidencia de estos. Para los dictiostélidos las variables fueron porcentaje de arcilla, pH y Biomasa microbiana. En el caso de los mixogástridos, estas variables fueron el Manganeso, respiración microbiana y pH. Los resultados anteriores señalan un potencial medio de uso de micetozoos como indicadores ambientales, en tanto el efecto de los sistemas de cultivo sobre la actividad de los microorganismos fue cuantificable. Sin embargo, consideramos que se requiere todavía definir el papel de las diferentes variables medidas sobre la dinámica de ambos grupos de microorganismos para poder establecer una conclusión con potencial aplicación, apoyada por datos empíricos.

Parte del éxito evolutivo y ecológico de los insectos se atribuye a las bacterias y hongos asociados a ellos queamplían sus capacidades metabólicas o les permiten resistir estrés o parasitosis. Las asociaciones posiblemente seoriginaron hace cientos de millones de años y el resultado es una interdependencia que, en algunos casos, insectoy bacteria no pueden existir separadamente, lo que ha llevado a una reducción significativa de los genomas de lossimbiontes bacterianos y a la transferencia por vía materna de éstos a la progenie. Recientemente, el estudio delos simbiontes de insectos ha cobrado gran interés y se han identificado algunas de sus funciones biológicas dentrode los hospederos. Los insectos escama o cochinillas se alimentan de la savia de las plantas, por lo que requierensimbiontes para compensar las deficiencias de su dieta, rica en carbono pero pobre en compuestos nitrogenados.Algunas de las plagas más agresivas de los cultivos agrícolas son los insectos escama. En este artículo revisamos lossimbiontes de la cochinilla del carmín y de la laca, de gran interés comercial y artesanal. En las cochinillas que seestudiaron encontramos diversas comunidades microbianas con la capacidad de sintetizar aminoácidos, vitaminas,fijar nitrógeno o reciclar los productos de desecho del metabolismo nitrogenado.

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apontar possíveis alterações ao Perceptual Assimilation Model-L2 (BEST; TYLER, 2007), modelo de percepção da fala em segunda língua, para que o mesmo dê conta da percepção fônica em contexto de línguas estrangeiras. Para tanto, apresentamos o PAM-L2 e suas diretrizes, visitamos alguns estudos nacionais que se utilizaram do modelo e problematizamos suas bases fonológica e filosófica. Neste sentido, advogamos pela instauração do gesto acústico-articulatório concebido por Albano (2001) como unidade perceptual e defendemos o realismo indireto como teoria filosófica para acomodar a percepção fônica no cenário estrangeiro da aprendizagem perceptual. Concluímos nossa exposição levantando alguns pontos teóricos e metodológicos que merecem atenção quando tratamos da percepção fônica em língua estrangeira, fundamentais ao modelo em sua totalidade.

This paper reports the use of cryolite from the Pitinga Mine (Amazonas state, Brazil) as raw material in hydrogen fluoride production. Samples were initially characterized by chemical and mineralogical analyses. They presented low silica content (< 4 wt.%). After milling, cryolite samples were digested with concentrated sulfuric acid under stirring (200 rpm) and variable temperature, time and liquid to solid ratio conditions. Under the best experimental conditions (140 °C, 3-5 h), 96 wt.% of fluorine was recovered as hydrogen fluoride. The application of a 23 full factorial design showed that temperature and reaction time were relevant parameters during leaching, whereas liquid to solid ratio was not statistically significant.

We describe the new liverwort species Cheilolejeunea schiavoneana M.E.Reiner & Gradst. from submontane rainforest in the Western Cordillera of Colombia. The new species is related to C. adnata (C. sect. Cheilolejeunea) but differs by larger plant, leaf and underleaf size, robust stems, a 5-6 cells wide ventral merophyte, abundance of microphyllous branches, and vegetative reproduction by caducous leaf lobes produced on flagelliform shoots. The latter feature is characteristic of the genus Rectolejeunea and its presence in Cheilolejeunea is apparently a case of parallel evolution. The discovery of C. schiavoneana adds a further endemic taxon to the rich flora of the Colombian Western Cordillera. Key

This study investigates how Brazilian EFL learners, living in Porto Alegre (RS), perceive the differences in place of articulation of the American English unreleased voiceless stops [p¬], [t¬], and [k¬], in word-final position. Thirty-two undergraduate students (leveled as having basic and intermediate proficiency In English), taking their English major at UFRGS, participated in the research study. In order to verify the perceptual accuracy regarding the place of articulation of the consonants, two psycholinguistic tasks containing CVC words (whose nuclear segments were represented by front vowels) were conducted. The results suggest that: (a) the segments [p¬] and [k¬] are perceived much more accurately than the segment [t¬]; (b) there were higher levels of accuracy in the tasks when the nuclear segment was a short/lax vowel; and (c) the participants’ level of proficiency is not crucial to the perceptual accuracy of the consonants which were tested.

A matéria prima da poesia de Manoel de Barros tem seus limites no chão do Pantanal Matogrossense, um mundo primitivo prenhe de riqueza visual, tátil, olfativa, permeado pelo humor, pela busca do ínfimo, do pequeno. Nesse trabalho, porém, o objetivo é a Metapoesia, sua preocupação com o próprio fazer poético. Na obra de Barros há forte incidência de poemas metalinguísticos nos quais a mensagem está centrada no código, indicando a Função Metalinguística, Chalub, 1986. Neste trabalho, será apresentado um estudo comparativo entre três poemas de Manoel de Barros: “No Tratado das Grandezas do Ínfimo” da obra O livro das ignorãças, 1994, “Nascimento da palavra” da obra Gramática expositiva do chão, 1990 e “Eu sou o medo da lucidez” da obra O guardador de águas, 1989, buscando-se pelos elementos da natureza e avaliando sua importância na constituição de fazer poético do autor.

El presente artículo propone un modelo de un sistema basado en técnicas de inteligencia artificial para inferir el contexto del usuario y optimizar el desarrollo de aplicaciones dependientes del contexto en los dispositivos móviles. En el documento se analiza la viabilidad de la aplicación de las redes neuronales artificiales en la optimización de este tipo de aplicaciones; el objetivo es construir un marco general de inferencia alternativo a los ya existentes, con el fin de proporcionar una infraestructura básica para facilitar el desarrollo de aplicaciones dependientes del contexto (contextaware), mediante la integración de la información procedente del entorno.

Nostalgia do Paraíso é a busca pelo jardim paradisíaco, onde o homem encontra tudo que é necessário para sua vida e felicidade, com total ausência de dor e sofrimento, segundo Mircea Eliade (1993). Através de uma análise comparativa, o objetivo deste artigo é mostrar como a Nostalgia do Paraíso inspirou escritores e poetas. Escolhemos, para a análise, fragmentos das seguintes obras: Bíblia: Gênese (1983), Odisseia de Homero, sd, Os Lusíadas de Camões, sd, Grande Sertão-Veredas de Guimarães Rosa (1985) e a narrativa A árvore do mundo e outros feitos de Macunaíma reescrita por Ciça Fittipaldi (1986). O aparato teórico que norteará a pesquisa conta com obras de Gaston Bachelard (1991), Sandra Nitrini (1997), Mircea Eliade (1993), Junito Brandão (1993) e outros.

Current protocols for Agave americana L. micropropagation have limited commercial application due to the low number of plants produced by explant. Indirect organogenesis could be an alternative, however is necessary to optimize plant growth regulators for plantlet number maximization. The objective of this work was to optimize 2,4-dicholorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzyl adenine (BA) concentrations on the induction of A. americana embryogenic callus from apical meristem as explant for maximized the number of shoots per callus using a response surface experimental design. MS medium containing 30 g l-1 sucrose amended with 0.11,0.18, 0.45 or 2.26 μM 2,4-D, and 11.0, 22.0, 38.2 or 44.0 μM BA was used. Nine treatments with three repetitions was applied and number of shoots per callus were monitored after 4, 16, 20 and 36 weeks. In vitro rooting of shoot was done in MS medium added with indole butyric acid (IBA). A maximum number of plantlets per explant (74) was obtained with 2.26 μM of 2,4-D and 38.2 μM BA. In conclusion, the indirect organogenesis of A. americana L. could be an alternative for obtain plantlets for propagation commercial purposes

In the following conversation, Howard S. BECKER talks about his lifelong travel with and between sociology and jazz music, his professional training as a sociologist, the hazards of a career, and his involvement with photography and performance. He reflects on the different ways used by artists and sociologists to tell solid stories about social phenomena, and tells a compelling account in its own right about the methodology of sound sociological field work and case study research. By explaining core concepts of his sociological perspective (such as the concept of labeling and "doing things together") and referring to concrete research examples, BECKER in all modesty fully engages with what could be called today's sociological imagination, leaving narrow disciplinary constraints behind in order to explore society with curiosity, using methodologically sensible but nevertheless refreshing approaches. The audio file is accessible from http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.49829. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1602122

The teaching of accounting in Brazil is experiencing transformations, mainly due to the expansion of higher education, the increased number of graduate accounting programs and the adoption of international accounting standards in the country. The Law on National Education Guidelines and Bases (LDB) requires that college professors must have graduate-level training, with priority on master’s and doctoral programs. In this context, the main objective of this study was to identify the curriculum components for systematized teacher training that are present in Brazilian graduate programs in accounting. The analysis of the indicators of the referred programs, provided by the Office to Improve University Personnel (CAPES) of the Ministry of Education, revealed a low number of disciplines related to training of future professors offered by the master’s and doctoral programs in accounting, as well as wide variation in the offer of graduate teaching assistant positions. This panorama reflects the fact these programs are mainly focused on the development of researchers, with little attention paid to instilling teaching skills in future professors.

Wie wissen Soziologinnen und Soziologen, was sie wissen? Trotz der Internationalisierung der Soziologie bestehen nach wie vor starke sprachräumliche Unterschiede in der soziologischen Wissensproduktion, in eingesetzten Theorien, Methoden und Fragestellungen. Der nachfolgende Beitrag erläutert die Entwicklung und Ausprägung der Unterschiedlichkeit soziologischer Wissenskulturen im Hinblick auf den Einsatz qualitativer bzw. interpretativer Ansätze seit den 1960er Jahren in Deutschland und Frankreich. Er stützt sich auf ein von uns 2012-2014 geleitetes Forschungsprojekt und dessen empirische Grundlagen: Dokumentenanalysen und Interviews. Wissenskulturen werden als die Arten und Weisen der Produktion und Legitimation von (hier: soziologischem) Wissen verstanden. Diesbezüglich lässt sich von der Erkenntnisproduktion als dem zentralen Handlungsproblem soziologischen Forschens sprechen. Während für die französischsprachige Soziologie diagnostisch von einer Lösung dieses Erkenntnisproblems durch die den Forschenden zugeschriebenen Kompetenzen und Inspirationen ausgegangen werden kann, schiebt sich im deutschsprachigen Raume eine prozedurale Legitimation durch Verfahren in den Vordergrund. Der Beitrag rekonstruiert exemplarisch die Ausgangssituation dieser Entwicklungen um die Wende zu den 1960er Jahren und bettet sie in die weitere Entfaltung der jeweiligen Soziologien ein. Er will damit zur gegenwärtigen Entwicklung einer reflexiven Soziologie beitragen. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1601145

American Anthropologist Paul RABINOW, known worldwide for his work on French philosopher Michel FOUCAULT as well as for his theoretical, conceptual and empirical work on emerging biosociality, has recently developed an anthropology of the contemporary that conceives of anthropology as a practice of studying how current relations of knowledge, thought, and care are given form within shifting relations of power. He argues that currently the dominant knowledge production practices, institutions, and venues for understanding things human in the 21st century are inadequate institutionally and epistemologically. In response, he has designed modes of experimentation and collaboration consisting in focused conceptual work and the exploration of new forms of case-based inquiry. The challenge is to produce knowledge in such a way that the work enhances us ethically, scientifically, politically, and ontologically. What concepts, venues, and forms are most pertinent for building a reflective relation to the present? The following interview invites to reflect on the "demands of the day" in current anthropological and social sciences research. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1601199

Kathy CHARMAZ is one of the most important thinkers in grounded theory methodology today. Her trailblazing work on constructivist grounded theory continues to inspire research across many disciplines and around the world. In this interview, she reflects on the aura surrounding qualitative inquiry that existed in California in the late 1960s to early 1970s and the lessons she learned from her first forays into empirical research. She comments on the trajectory that grounded theory research has followed since then and gives an account of her own perspective on constructivist grounded theory. In doing so, she underlines the importance of the Chicago School and symbolic interactionist tradition for grounded theory research work today and shows where the latter is positioned in the current field of qualitative fieldwork. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1601165

O objetivo deste artigo, voltado para a criação poética de Manoel de Barros, é focalizar o conceito da obra de arte como jogo. Escolhemos Manoel de Barros, porque o lúdico, a brincadeira e o humor estão sempre presentes em sua obra. A escolha dos dados, o encaixe de palavras escolhidas a dedo, no eixo paradigmático, formam um caleidoscópio, mostrando novas estruturas, deixando explícito o desejo de brincar com os elementos linguísticos e da natureza. Para este trabalho, escolhemos, para análise, pequenos poemas semelhantes aos haicais japoneses e outros menores ainda, com dois ou até um verso apenas. Contaremos, nesta pesquisa, com a ajuda de teóricos como Johan Huizinga, Ezra Pound, Octavio Paz, Lévi-Strauss, Olga Savary e Alfredo Bosi.

El presente artículo propone un modelo que contribuya a mejorar los procesos de gestión de riesgos en las empresas del sector construcción, proporcionando un mecanismo para revisar los resultados de evaluación del riesgo de un proyecto, mediante la creación y empleo de una base de datos con indicadores históricos. Se propone el diseño de estos para medir el impacto de los factores de riesgo sobre los objetivos de un proyecto de infraestructura, bajo un esquema de rentabilidad, comparando los datos históricos con los riesgos identificados en el negocio; para tal fin se usaron las redes neuronales artificiales como herramienta de análisis. Asimismo, se revisan las características comunes de las redes neuronales artificiales y se analiza la viabilidad de su aplicación en la optimización del riesgo empresarial en el sector construcción, cuyas empresas han tenido un crecimiento acelerado en los últimos años.

Automotive catalyst, using in Brazil since 1992, is a essential technology for vehicular emissions control. Noble metals are the active phase of these catalysts, and cerium zirconium mixed oxides (CZ), responsibles for the oxygen storage capacity (OSC), one of the most important aspect for the operational performance of the catalyst. In this context, the oxireduction properties analysis of CZ and Pd/CZ (palladium supported in CZ) system are the objective of this study, as well as, the impact of the thermal aging in the OSC. Aging consisted of treatments at 900 or 1200 °C, for 12 or 36 h, in oxidizing condition.