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Each country has its own traditional games. Traditional games need to be continued so that they do not become extinct, besides that traditional games provide benefits for the motor development of elementary school students. The research aims to determine traditional game models in physical education and sports: its effect on increasing the motor development of elementary school students. This research is an SLR type using the PRISMA method. It focuses on traditional games and their impact on motor development among elementary school students. The inclusion criteria encompass journal articles published between 2020 and 2024. The article retrieval process utilizes the Publish or Perish 8 application and accesses databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest. Based on the results of this research, the game models in Physical Education and Sports on motor development in elementary school students in the world over the last 5 years include Pittu Garam, fortification, Gobak Sodor, Engklek, Grave Jump, Cat and Mouse, Zig-Zag Pattern Sack Racing, Cat Squatting, Sintren Plate Breaker, fortified, like a snake, sack race, and shell stilts running race. The conclusion of this research is that based on the review article, it shows that all types of traditional game models can improve the motor development of elementary school students. A traditional game model that can improve students' fine and gross motor skills is Engklek. Keywords: Traditional Game Models, Physical Education and Sports, Motor Development, Elementary School Students

The sports and fitness industry has seen accelerated growth with increasing public awareness about the relevance of health and well-being. Nowadays, facilities such as gyms, stadiums, swimming pools and fitness centers have become essential elements of lifestyle in society. Marketing strategies are important to attract and retain customers. The programs offered should be viewed as service products that have sales value. Therefore, implementing effective marketing strategies is necessary to compete, satisfy customer needs and increase customer loyalty. This research aims to conduct a systematic review of existing literature regarding marketing strategies for sports and fitness venues using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) method. This study includes research published in the last 10 years from indexed journal sources and identifies important findings regarding the effectiveness of various marketing strategies in service and retaining customers. The research results shows that personalization of service, utilization of technology, deep understanding of customer needs, and high service quality are key strategies that can increase perceived value, satisfaction, and customer loyalty in the sports and fitness sector.

This research aims to analyze the effect acute intervention of banana drink enriched with egg white to premenstrual symptoms, mood and levels of serotonin in collegiate female athletes with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD). This experimental study was randomized, double blind, and used a pre and post placebo-control group design. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the research sample. Purposive sampling technique was used to select research samples and divided into two groups, namely the placebo drink group and the banana drink group. Each participant was in the late luteal phase at the time of data collection. efore the test, records were made regarding the characteristics of the research subjects, menstrual cycle calculations, cervical fluid observations and basal body temperature measurements. The PSST-A is used to diagnose moderate/severe PMDD, mood respons were assessed using 24 BRUMS Research items with the Brunel Mood Scale. Serotonin analysis was carried out using the Elisa Kit Human Serotonin. Before and after intervention (pre-post-test) both groups were given a push up test for 60 seconds. Intervention was given 3 hours before completing the PSST-A, BRUMS questionnaires and push up test. Statistical tests of research data were carried out using SPSS version 23. Based on the results of the PSST-A analysis, it was reported that banana drink was able to significantly reduce (*p

Barriers to physical activity in vision impairment are associated with increased inactivity and psychological well-being problems. Previous research has only identified constraints in physical activity without conducting an in-depth analysis of physical activity levels and psychological well-being. This study aims to explore the differences in physical activity barriers based on three different demographic environments regarding physical activity levels and psychological well-being. The method used was quantitative inferential with a cross-sectional design approach involving 90 respondents registered with the Indonesia Association of the Blind. Data were collected using the Barrier Questionnaire for People with Vision Impairment (BPAQ-VI), the Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS), and General Practice Physical Activity (GPPAQ). The data was processed using the one-way ANOVA test and the Tukey HSD via SPSS version 26. The study's results stated differences in physical activity barriers, physical activity levels, and psychological well-being in vision impairment groups living in urban centres, suburbs, and rural areas (p

This research aims to determine the implementation of PE planning incorporating 21st-century skills based on the length of service and gender of junior high school teachers in Yogyakarta. This research was conducted using a 2 x 2 factorial design with length of service and gender as factor variables, while the implementation of PE planning contains 21st-century skills as the dependent variable. The sample in this study was 68 junior high school PE teachers with a working period of 1 - 17 years and 18 - 32 years with male and female gender. The sampling technique uses probability sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to PE teachers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential. This research concludes that the first hypothesis shows no difference in the implementation of PE planning containing 21st-century skills when viewed from the work period. The mean difference in the performance of PE planning having 21st-century skills based on years of service is minimal, and it can be said that the implementation of PE planning containing 21st-century skills among teachers between working periods 1-17 and 18-32 tends to be the same. The second hypothesis shows no difference in the implementation of PE planning containing 21st-century skills regarding gender. The mean difference in the performance of PE planning having 21st-century skills based on gender is minimal. It can be said that the implementation of PE planning containing 21st-century skills for male and female teachers tends to be the same. The third hypothesis shows an interaction between length of service and gender in determining the implementation of PE planning containing 21st-century skills. This means that length of service and gender together influence the achievement of implementing PE planning and having 21st-century skills among junior high school teachers. This research recommends that each school's PE planning formulation team be assigned to competent teachers with sufficient teaching experience and consider gender in certain conditions and situations in each school. Keywords: Planning, Physical Education, 21st Century Skills, Work Period, Gender

This study aims to determine the perception of coaches in the entry of digitalization of sports and the effect of gender, age, region, educational background, and training experience on the perception of the entry of digitalization of sports. This research is a quantitative research with a cross-sectional survey method. The data collection instrument uses a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability using the corrected item-total correlation test and the Cronbach'Alpha test. Percentage analysis was used to determine the coach's perception, while ordinal regression was used to determine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The study results found that 39.9% of coaches agreed, and 39.4% strongly agreed with digital technology in sports. Two independent variable indicators influence coaches' perception of the inclusion of digitalization in the world of sports: the level of education and training experience. This study concludes that it is essential to develop the digitalization of training programs; this is related to the convenience of coaches and athletes in monitoring the development of student-athlete training programs. Keywords: digital, training program, coach's perception.

This study aims to explore the relationship between leg muscle strength, leg power, and leg flexibility with the butterfly swimming start ability. A descriptive method with correlational study technique was used with a population consisting of Swimming Association athletes, and a sample of 12 male athletes who met the age and swimming ability criteria set. Data were collected through surveys, tests, and measurements, then analyzed using the product moment correlation technique and test-retest for validity and reliability. The results showed a significant relationship between leg muscle strength, leg power, and leg flexibility with the butterfly swimming start ability, with leg power showing the strongest relationship. Specifically, leg muscle strength had a correlation of 66.67%, leg power had a correlation of 83.33%, and leg flexibility had a correlation of 50.00% with the butterfly swimming start ability. These findings provide valuable insights for coaches and athletes in designing more effective training programs to enhance butterfly swimming start ability. Keywords: strength, power, flexibility, swimming start

After the COVID-19 period, academic achievement among elite student-athletes has not shown any improvement and it is not yet known exactly the main factors that contributed to academic achievement. In addition, limited evidence in previous research that analyzed the relationship between technological and psychological readiness with academic achievement among elite student athletes at the college level became a gap in this study. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between technological and psychological readiness variables and academic achievement. Correlational research was adopted in this study which involved eighty-five elite first-year student-athletes from the Universitas Negeri Surabaya (Indonesia). Technological and psychological readiness was measured using a questionnaire while academic achievement was measured by filling out questions about soccer, basketball and volleyball. Spearman's rank was used to investigate the relationship of each variable. We observed several findings in this study. First, there was a relationship between the variable technological readiness and academic achievement. Second, there was a psychological relationship between academic achievement. Third, there was relationship between technological and psychological readiness and academic achievement. Thus, we highlight that the level of academic achievement among elite student athletes in the first year was closely related to technological and psychological readiness. Keywords: Technological, Psychological, Academic Achievement, Elite Student-Athletes

After an overview of the well-known aspects of Ralph Ellison’s interest in and connections to the works and literary ideas of the Russian novelist Fyodor Dostoevsky, this paper reveals the hitherto unknown depths of Ellison’s research into and usage of the works and aesthetic theories of the Russian writer as he applied them to American and African American literary and social contexts. Making use of archival materials (including Ellison’s correspondence, draft of his unfinished novel Three Days Before the Shooting..., highlighting and marginalia in the books from his personal library, which includes numerous works by and about Dostoevsky), this reassessment addresses the role of the Russian classics, and in particular, of Dostoevsky, in Ellison’s intellectual formation, the role that Dostoevsky played in Ellison’s literary relationship with Richard Wright; the ways that Ellison’s interests in the blues, jazz and other folk and vernacular forms of African American culture were filtered through his analysis of nineteenth-century Russian culture; and the Dostoevskyan origins of a number of fictional scenarios that would find their way into Three Days Before the Shooting... The essay concludes with a discussion of the correspondence between Ellison and Joseph Frank, Dostoevsky’s biographer.

This study aims to analyze the effect of member participation on cooperative performance and the effect of cooperative innovation on performance. The population in this study were 355 cooperatives, and we sampled 71. The mechanical analysis used multiple regression analysis, F test, and t-test. The analytical results show that member participation and the ability to innovate simultaneously influence the cooperative’s performance. There are two criteria for participation, namely contribution participation, and incentive participation

The advent of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has had and is having a major impact on Indonesian cultural resource management, and on the safeguarding methods of its tangible and intangible cultural heritages. Despite varied levels and visible gaps between rural and urban regions in terms of technology usage, innovative initiatives have been created, which correspond to the needs and expectations of a technology-savvy public. As a starting point, a number of public institutions dealing with tangible cultural heritage (e.g. museums, palaces, temples, World Heritage Sites (WHS)) do use innovative digital tools in order to communicate to various audiences, as well as to enrich visitors’ experience, especially taking into consideration young generations. This paper will firstly examine the role of ICTs in intangible cultural heritage (ICH) (e.g. Batik, Wayang puppet theatre, etc.); secondly, the authors will explain how ICTs can help to communicate and promote the values, history, and significances of ICH products, both for locals and tourists, with the goal of raising awareness on cultural identity. However, the knowledge of ICH still requires contacts with its own communities and is vulnerable, as it can be exposed to excessive cultural commoditization through e-platforms. This study aims at giving an overview and some examples of digital interventions for cultural heritage communication implemented by various stakeholders in Indonesia. In addition, this paper analyses to what extent a participatory approach engaging local communities, academics, private sectors, NGOs and the government, can ensure higher levels of effectiveness and efficiency, hence supporting the conservation of UNESCO tangible/ICH in Indonesia. This paper aims at: (1) presenting the development of digital heritage platforms in Indonesia; (2) providing a grid of analysis of digital heritage knowledge platforms dedicated to UNESCO tangible and ICH in forms of websites and mobile apps. Highlights: • Providing a map of the online presence of UNESCO World Heritage Sites (WHSs) in Indonesia by analysing 180 webpages in English and Indonesian languages. • Identifying several types of digital heritage websites in Indonesia based on the set of categories. • Classifying a map of 312 mobile apps dealing with UNESCO WHSs and Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) in Indonesia, which were retrieved from Android and iOS platforms.

Sister city cooperation has emphasised the role of the state and local government However, the role of the community is also essential.although has been relegated to a second place. This article aims to apply the model of community involvement in the sister city’s flood prevention cooperation plan in Samarinda city, East of Kalimantan, emphasizing the active citizen participation (citizen diplomacy). The analysis of community involvement with the bottom-up model in sister city cooperation starts with the identification of flooding problems in three samples of Saramarinda urban villages presenting its performance and outcomes. This approach is new in solving the Samarinda flood problem, which so far has tended to be centralized and ineffective.

Objective: The research aims to identify human error committed by traditional divers while fishing, and to determine the relationship between human error as a cause of occupational accidents at sea. Method: A cross-sectional study with total of 186 traditional divers participated. The data was collected by questionnaires, and analyzing with chi-square test (p-value = 0.05). Results: More than 83% of respondents had experienced occupational accident and behave human error while diving (81%). Type of human error such as rush of work, never attend safety training and does not have diving certificate, dives more than 30 min, continues to work even tired, dives more than once a day, and continues to dive despite bad weather. The types of occupational accidents were slips, scratches, shipwrecks, hit by rocks, and suffered open wounds. The statistical test p value = 0.000 (

This essay addresses the shifts in Pearl S. Buck’s literary reputation making the case for renewed consideration to Buck as a relevant figure for a transnational literary history. Her work is analyzed as an example of world literary study based on syncretic figures like Buck who cannot be easily extricated from one or another national tradition — conjoined literary figures, we might say, of Chinese and American literary history. By paying closer attention to figures such as Buck whose literary history forces us to consider her works in multi-lingual, multinational contexts the complex interactions of global literary systems can be made visible. In reworking this picture of global literary culture, this essay argues that Buck's literary/cultural importance was never exclusively textual (based on the intrinsic literary qualities of her works in a critical vacuum). Rather, it demands historicist and biographical contextualization in order to elucidate the ideological horizons, as Frederic Jameson might put it, intrinsic to her work. In particular, the transcultural feminism emergent in her work derives from a creative tension forged by her troubled marriage to Lossing Buck in the 1920s and 30s. What follows then, is an exploration of this in three sections. The first part will take a macroscopic vantage, tracing the rise and fall and re-emergence of Buck’s literary reputation. The second part is microscopic, detailing the formative tensions of Buck’s creative life and how those tensions fed into the formation of her literary and cultural identities, especially The Good Earth and All Men Are Brothers. The paper ends with brief discussion of Dragon Seed, and what in my view is the endpoint of Buck’s transcultural political imaginary.