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The article is devoted to the problem of studying the peculiarities of the formation of educational autonomy of students of economic specialties by means of digital technologies. The purpose of the article is to identify the psychological and pedagogical features of the formation of educational autonomy of students of economic specialties by means of digital technologies. The tasks of the article are as follows: to characterize the theoretical foundations of the essence of educational autonomy as a pedagogical category; to determine the peculiarities of the formation of students’ learning autonomy skills; to prove the importance of the formation of educational autonomy among students of economic specialties; to determine the possibilities of digital technologies in the formation of educational autonomy among students of economic specialties. To achieve the goal, the following methods were used: literary analysis, generalization, comparison, systematization, etc. The article contains the following research results. A critical analysis of approaches to defining the essence of the concept of “learner autonomy” by various researchers was carried out. It was established that the concept of “pupil / student autonomy” was introduced in the early 1980s by Henri Holec, who defined this category as “the student’s ability to take responsibility for their own learning.” A theoretical study of the views of various researchers proved that the formation of students’ educational autonomy is mainly related to the process of mutual influence of motivation for educational activities and the success of completing educational tasks: motivation for learning is always characterized by the extent to which a student knows how to learn independently, demonstrating interest in learning, and, in turn, successful learning is impossible without motivation supported by the competence of self-regulated learning. In other words, learning autonomy is the student’s ability to be self-motivated and responsible for their own learning. It was found that one of the key aspects that should be taken into account when determining the independence of learning is whether we consider it as a means of achieving a goal (studying a certain educational module, subject, science) or as an end in itself (forming people as independent learners). These two options are not mutually exclusive, as they can both be part of our views on learning as a whole. Four main advantages of forming students’ learning autonomy have been identified: motivation (students strive to achieve their educational goals, but for this to happen, teachers must first help students set realistic learning goals); flexibility (an autonomous approach to learning is more flexible for both students and teachers, who can take on more of a coaching role, while students take the driver’s seat); lasting impact (learning to learn is an underrated skill, when students are in charge of their own learning, they learn what techniques and strategies work best for them); increasing involvement (using the autonomy of students, the teacher relies on their ability to solve problems, study the educational material and form their own opinion). The skills that students should develop in the process of autonomous learning are substantiated: setting goals; assessment of progress; time management; and self-motivation. Conclusions. The importance of the formation of academic autonomy of students of economics specialities has been proven, as independent thinking presents concepts, models and theories that students will use to solve real-world problems, honing their cognitive skills. The following advantages of using digital technologies in the direction of the formation of educational autonomy of students of economic specialties are outlined: making knowledge accessible; making knowledge understandable; providing flexibility and variability of training; and ensuring students’ interaction with the digital environment.

Criminality in the business environment has become a topic that currently generates much academic discussion, especially if the classic formulas for determining authorship and participation are adequate to respond to these new criminal phenomena. Various ideas for solutions have been proposed, but none of them has been free of criticism. In this context, we sought to analyze the formulas provided in the Colombian penal code to determine whether they are prepared to curb this new scourge. Based on a descriptive model of doctrinal and legal review, the results show that they must undergo a process of modernization to adapt to the new scenarios of criminality in the business context.

This contribution presents two perspectives: one based on AI expertise and the other on the importance of knowledge as human knowledge. The later focuses on the purpose of education by revisiting Alexander von Humboldt’s concept of Bildung as the main purpose of education. Resisting the shifting to radically pragmatic models of education, without Bildung, in recent decades, in the Global North which develops a system of disposable education that focuses on training a workforce for the market. Concerned by the production of disposable knowledge and assessments, with the sole goal of achieving good grades and securing employment, we see Generative AI, as mirroring this functionalist and economist vision of society, revealing strongly the limits of this paradigm. This article first explains how automatic learning, the foundation of generative AI, works. Second, we shall discuss human deep learning, as opposed to surface learning showing how it is required to develop as a person in the Bildung perspective. Third, we highlight this first intuition that AI reveals the functioning of our societies and move beyond, with an art of questioning in philosophy.

The research article investigates, in an evolutionary key, the theme of the protection of minors in the care relationship and in the adoption of the therapeutic choices that concern them. We proceed to a re-reading of the discipline on informed consent using the lens of the discernment ability of the minor person and, therefore, of the so-called best interest of the child, seeking a reasonable balance between the various interests involved.

Forgiveness is often distinguished from other ways of eliminating (or reducing) blame, such as letting go. In this paper, I focus on a conception of forgiveness as normative landscape change (alteration of the rights and obligations of relevant parties), and explore the distinction between forgiveness—understood in this way—and letting go. I highlight the explanatory power of this approach for distinguishing forgiveness and letting go, and contrast it with an alternative way, in which the focus is instead primarily on a kind of attitude change. I conclude by comparing the implications of both forgiveness and letting go for other phenomena we care about, such as reconciliation.

The issue of citizenship has been one of the main topics of political thinking since antiquity, when its origins were significantly shaped by classical philosophers, whose ideas are also important for modern thinking. Gradually, with the intensification of globalization many new conceptualizations of the classical concept of citizenship were formulated to address global challenges. These shift away from the basic view of the interconnectedness of citizenship with a specific territory and give humans a wider, global identity with an associated appeal to global responsibility. One such concept is environmental citizenship. This article is aimed at examining the historical development of citizenship, particularly in its republican and liberal versions, and its conceptualisation in the context of environmental problems that overcome national borders. The demands on citizens must be adapted to this reality. This article highlights the growing potential of environmental citizenship as one of the possible key factors for achieving a more sustainable world, which however requires the active involvement of nation-states.

As we enter the digital age, we realise that we are surrounded by machines that observe us, know our tastes, build our public image, judge who’s right and who’s wrong. This raises questions, especially as artificial intelligences process the tracks we leave in the infospace, identify our profile and seem to predict our future. More like a nightmare than a dystopia. The essay tries to reverse the perspective by considering some examples drawn from legal experience and asking whether the digital revolution is not rather hinting at a new era of responsibility

This article contributes to political ecologies of education by connecting climate activism in Austria to questions of environmental justice and ecopedagogy. Based on a collaboration project between trainee teachers and secondary school students in Graz (Austria), the article analyses student group essays and photo reports dealing with ideas and solutions to combat the climate crisis and to enable socio-ecological transformation. Interviews with Fridays for Future (FFF) strike participants complete the analysis. I discuss propositions related to the concepts of activism, ecopedagogy, environmental and climate justice, and especially the principle of responsibility. I show that the school collaboration project and common participation in a climate strike contributed to civic engagement and research-based learning. Trainee teachers and school students exchanged ideas and co-created knowledge to fight against the climate crisis, and the collaboration opened a dialogue in a democratic classroom, arguably helping to develop participants' intrinsic motivation. While some of the ideas proposed are reformist or oppositional, for example to eat less meat, others are propositional, advocating for system change. A conclusion is that the climate movement is represented by a diversity of voices and opinions.

The purpose of the article is to identify the positive experience of Slovakia in the field of legal liability of medical workers, which has been successful in practice and therefore worth following, both in Ukraine and in other states. To achieve this purpose, general and special scientific research methods were used, in particular dialectical, historical-legal, systematic, and comparative legal methods. The legal regulation of liability for the provision of medical services constantly generates debate in scientific circles and in practical implementation. The legislation of Ukraine does not regulate concepts such as medical mistakes and medical crimes. The lack of regulatory criteria for medical mistakes and crimes, the difficulty in determining the cause and effect relationship, as well as the need for professional supervision in the provision of medical services, encourages the study of foreign experience, mainly theexperience of the European Union Member States in this field

The purpose of this work is to analyze on a global level, without focusing on any specific company or sector, the use that is being made of the social media Twitter to address the communication processes of CSR in companies. To do this, data was captured through programming in R and using an Application Program Interface (API) in Twitter. The data were analyzed using text mining techniques and graphical network analysis with the help of R and Gephi software, respectively. The results show that there are no notable groups or movements in the corporate sphere as generators of CSR content. The importance of the social perspective of CSR in communication processes should be emphasized. Finally, CSR generates positive feelings and emotions such as trust in society. It is concluded that there is no efficient use by companies of Twitter as a CSR communication tool, they are not taking into account the interests of their stakeholders, nor are they generating the dialogue and interaction necessary for communication to be effective. The main limitation is associated with the time period in which the sample was taken, which coincides with a period of strong social concern about the pandemic. It would be interesting for future research to analyze how the discourse changes over time, and to what extent an extraordinary social situation, such as the pandemic, is reflected in CSR communication.

This essay seeks to reflect on the risks and responsibilities of the parties in the process, with the analysis of legal institutes and the expansion of the defendant's powers in the formation of judicial executive titles in his favor: depending on the situations that occurred in the course of the process, the procedural positions may be reversed.

Civic engagement favours integration and social cohesion, but the way in but how this happens and the role that responsibility represents in the process requires careful analysis. From Arendt’s critical comments on the link between citizenship and rights, Weil’s conception of obligations towards the human being, and Zambrano’s reflection about Europe, it is maintained that co-operation and not just obligations must be promoted. One possible way is to revalue the role of empathy in its important social function since it strengthens social relations, but this is not enough. It is stated that it is necessary to assume new political and social paradigms, such as that of solidarity or fraternity, to forge a new social covenant that promotes civic commitment in social, economic and political spaces.

A reflection is carried out on the origin of responsibility in the business world, in Europe and in the United States, to lead to a model of corporate responsibility in its context. The degree of importance of a country's regulation is not, in itself, a sufficient indicator of appreciation of the level of consideration of responsibility and more specifically of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The reflexive, deductive approach, with a modeling and interdisciplinary approach (particularly law and business law, management), demonstrates that there are different visions of responsibility according to national contexts.

The safeguarding of minors and of vulnerable adult persons is an intrinsic aspect of the mission that the Lord has entrusted the Church and it is the responsibility of all the faithful to fulfil it, whatever capacity they hold in the Church. Unfortunately, it is not possible to eradicate child abuse entirely as it is a human reality, but much can be done by creating a culture of safe space and safe relationships within the Church and beyond. The Catholic Church, as the oldest and biggest institution in the world and with its religious and moral values, has a special responsibility in preventing any kind of abuse, in protecting the most vulnerable, and furthermore, in Safeguarding; in creating safe spaces and safe relationships. Listening to victims and survivors of abuse who have been harmed in the Church or outside, is key for being and acting in a responsible, accountable, and transparent way. This is the cornerstone for credibility and for promoting the faith.

The role of the institutional communicator in the Church today has a special relevance derived from the credibility crisis suffered by this institution. A greatly increased awareness to this theme leads to the discovery of profound and essential dimensions of this role, which are discussed in this article. The focus is on the credibility of the communicator, who, on one hand is called to take full responsibility for what he says, but on the other hand speaks in the name of and through a collective subject—the Church or one of its specific constituent parts—that doesn’t always receive much appreciation from its numerous audiences; it is actually often perceived to be “biased” as an institution, it is widely opposed and criticized. An in-depth analysis regarding the role of credibility from a sociological point of view is illustrated by the application of the three roles identified by Erving Goffman—animator, author and principal—to the figure of the institutional communicator, underlining his responsibilities as communication co-leader. A comparison with the concept of translator as a mediator illuminates other characteristics of the communicator, and functions as a basis to comment on some of the virtues (both personal and professional), which he must possess, enhancing both his credibility and efficiency. The application of the concept of creative fidelity (fidélité créatrice) from the French philosopher Gabriel Marcel, together with the interrelation between comprehension and exposition in a comprehensible manner (hermeneutics and creativity), highlights the necessity of reconsidering the importance of communication and of the communicator within the decision-making process.

The text deals with the arguments used to attribute the responsibility of the franchisor for damages caused by the franchisee to its consumers. The analysis carried out examines in detail the arguments adopted by the jurisprudence, especially the recent and paradigmatic decision by the Superior Court of Justice. Then, the reasons employed by the courts are evaluated systematically to ascertain their conformity with the legal system

El presente artículo reflexiona sobre la crítica inmediata y generalista, aquella de los suplementos culturales de periódicos, con el afán de desvelar algunos de los distintos límites, funciones y deberes del crítico literario, entre otros, el lugar desde dónde se escribe, la identificación del público o su función periodística. Para ello se hace hincapié en una serie de condicionantes que gravitan sobre el crítico, en especial, el sentido y posibilidades de su propia crítica enmarcada ésta en una crisis crónica financiera y de modelo de la prensa escrita. La asunción de riesgo intelectual y la aceptación de una responsabilidad primordial por parte del crítico pasa por redefinir el panorama de lo contemporáneo. / This paper reflects on immediate and general criticism of newspaper supplements, with the aim of revealing some of the different limits, functions and duties of the literary critic, among others, the place from which it is written, the identification of the public or its journalistic function. To do this, emphasis is placed on a series of conditioning factors that weigh on the critic, especially the meaning and possibilities of his own criticism, framed in a chronic financial crisis and a model for the written press. The assumption of intellectual risk and the acceptance of a primary responsibility by the critic goes through redefining the panorama of the contemporary.

Abstract This paper discusses the link between accountability and internal auditing, particularly analyzing the extent to which the latter contributes to improve the former, in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). This study applied a questionnaire to the management boards of a sample of HEIs, to empirical analyze the relationship between internal auditing and accountability. The main focus was on internal auditing carried out by the offices or departments in those institutions. The paper contributes to understand how management boards perceive internal auditing to foster transparency and accountability in HEIs, allowing to corroborate that auditing, and particularly internal auditing, favors the institutions’ accountability. In effect, it promotes the principles underlying accountability practices. The information provided in the scope of internal audits is acknowledged as contributing to improve management effectiveness and helping in decision-making. HEIs wanting to create an internal auditing office or to enhance the role of an existing one, should develop this office’s activities so that it becomes an instrument to support accountability and good governance of the organization. The sample consisted of Portuguese public HEIs, universities and polytechnics. Despite a certain international convergence regarding this type of public sector organizations, and regarding their purposes and governance, certain contextual specificities might limit the generalization of the findings for other jurisdictions.

recent developments of Artificial Intelligence based on machine learning techniques through Big Data raise multiple ethical and legal concerns, all of which ultimately do turn around the issues of responsibility, which is increasingly invoked not as a remedy but as a character which shall shape the whole development process of AI as well as its functioning. The characters of AI, taken in its technical and social role, challenge some established ideas related to human agency, namely responsibility. Recently two scholars like Jack Balkin (director of the Yale Information Society Project he founded on 1997) and Frank Pasquale (author of The Black Box Society: The Secret Algorithms That Control Money and Information, 2015) proposed “new laws of robotics for the Algorithmic Society” inspired to Isaac Asimov’s ones, but targeting the human agents behind the development and the use of AI. On the other side, Responsible Research and Innovation model has been proposed as a model for the responsible development of AI. Whilst the reference to responsibility is appealing, nevertheless the inflation of its disparate usages may obscure the meaning associated with it. This article wants to contribute to the understanding of the issues behind the idea of preserving the human character of responsibility when confronted to the risks of its dissolution induced by the increasingly relevant roles played by AI in our societies.

The article is devoted to the problem of value orientations formation of personality. Scientific researches on orientations formation value at children of preschool age and process of values formation on the basis of formation and development of personal qualities are analyzed. The model of value orientations formation at children of preschool age by means of acquisition of the corresponding personal qualities is presented. The main attention is paid to the values formation of interaction, friendship and empathy by means of active games. The authors revealed the methods of formation of value orientations of preschool children and determined the features with the help of experimental data.

In 2020 the World Health Organization declared the global pandemic and thus the greatest crisis in the last decades. Crisis is, first of all, danger, risk, and then opportunity. Every crisis is a permanent challenge for human intelligence and existence, and therefore anthropological constant. A question about crisis is also a question about a human. Crisis is also the media constant and source of the permanent media interest. There is no unique view of defining crisis. From crisis definitions we point out: lack of planning, undesirability, searching for answers and vulnerability. The two latter terms also contain the opportunity for successful media crisis communication. There arises a question: “Can media change crisis and neutralize its possible harmful effects through the concepts of responsibility and trust?” From the ethical point of view crisis invites us to think intensively about the human that media bring us closer in the time of social distance.

The article aims to summarize the main features of Elena Pulcini’s social philosophy, starting with her latest work entitled Between care and justice. Passions as social resources. Empathy, compassion and indignation are just some of the moral sentiments that show the limits of the anthropological model of homo oeconomicus; at the same time, these sentiments are at the center of a new theoretical paradigm that combines care and justice in order to avoid the partiality of unilateral ethical-political models: just as justice can become unfair, if careless, care work can easily assume the unrecognizable semblances of exploitative relationships when conceived and practiced regardless of a fair material and symbolic recognition of its performances. The intellectual testament of Elena Pulcini is as an urgent invitation to overcome the widespread emotional illiteracy and proposes a promising strategy to face the challenges due to the space-time distance of the Other in the global age.

The paper deals with the importance of words and dialogue in family education. In the first part, some evidence of an action research is presented – shaped in a hermeneutic phenomenological framework and thanks to the Philosophy for Children method and materials. Then some key words are pointed out, meant as formative goals for parents’ educational support, so as to highlight the importance of dialogue among generations and, mainly, of the ethical responsibility of parents in education.

This paper analyses the perception the people working at the organizations of ner Group in the Basque Country have of the cultural features of the new style of relationships (ner), created by Koldo Saratxaga during his successful running of Irizar Group. The ner, an innovation in culture and management, an answer to the challenges placed by the Technologies of Information and Communication and the Knowledge Society, is based on persons, basic pillars of the organizations; persons who work in self-managed teams with responsibility, confidence and freedom to reach customers satisfaction. The commitment and integration of persons with the organization they work for are strengthened by implementing internal solidarity based on the reduction of the wage differences, the profit sharing and the employment security in case of crisis, using then the relocations between organizations of ner Group. The developed empirical research, once designed an specific questionnaire, allows us to conclude that the majority of the people declare a high level of Involvement, consider the ner an organizational and management tool which makes directing activity to reach customer satisfaction feasible, they perceive the existing Consistency and voice that this makes possible relationships based on mutual trust and they judge positively the existing Adaptability, portrayed by commitment to the internal solidarity and to society and community.

The idea of fair play can play an important role in the education process, especially among students of adolescence (middle school age). In Lodz, this is particularly important because there is a problem of stadium hooliganism, which is particularly acute due to the competition between fans of two sports clubs..Therefore, it was important to undertake such educational activities (implementation of an educational project) so that the youth could understand exactly what the principle of fair play is only in sport, but in life, in all its aspects. After the implementation of the educational project „I am fair” dedicated to lower class of secondary schools’ pupils in Łódź (14-15 y.o.), it was decided to evaluate if and to what extent, students who took part in the project, had changed their awareness and declared behaviour of fair play in the aspect of responsibility in sport and life- among the declaring supporters and non-supporters of the selected football club as well. Material and methods: The study was conducted by diagnostic survey using a situational test "Fair play in sport and life". The results were analysed taking into account the change in the responses of students completed the questionnaire twice: before (pre- test) and after (post- test) the implementation of the project, taking into account the all respondents (1,377 people) and variable - the declaration of supporting or not the football, gender. The study was conducted in two waves- in September 2011 (pre- test) and June 2012 (post- test). Results: Results of post- test survey proved the improvement of declared behaviour among all tested groups and club supporters - boys, girls. On the one hand, sport contributes to the escalation of undesirable behaviours, on the other hand it becomes an educational tool. Education supported by fair play values brings expected effects and desirable changes, both in sport and in life.

This article analyses the opinions of citizens on the core values of the so-called Media accountability: truthfulness, independence, transparency, public participation and respect for peoples’ rights. It also analyses citizens’ perceptions of various deontological instruments to measure the effectiveness of compliance with these ethical values. The qualitative methodology used to carry out this analysis is part of the R+D+I research project “Accountability and Journalistic Cultures project in Spain. Impact and proposal of good practices in the Spanish media” (MediaACES), which has been achieved through six focus groups in different Spanish cities. The results of the analysis reflect the critical spirit of citizens towards the media due to the following factors: the absence of objectivity, the mixture of economic interests with their editorial line and an ambiguous participation of the public, which requires a better definition of their role within the information process. The conclusions derived from this analysis allow us to reflect on several aspects: among others, the competition in a deregulated market leads to infotainment and affects the quality of information, as well as the rights of people affected by the news. At the same time, the excess of information channels leads to greater disinformation, under the appearance of a spontaneous pluralism that is superfluous. Ethics, therefore, seems to be a necessary requirement to differentiate professional journalism from other inappropriate information channels and to guarantee the right to information of citizens.

Digital communication channels can be subject to exploitation, resulting in harming individuals or societies by promoting fake news, disinformation, radicalization, or social polarization. It is important that communicators are well prepared in identifying, preventing, and responding to such actions, in understanding the vulnerabilities of their audience, while respecting the rights and liberties of the population. Thus, ethical and strategic communication should be of top priority for institutional communicators, academia, journalists, or stakeholders when addressing security or sensitive issues. The article presents the results of an empirical sociological study, part of an extensive exploratory research within the CRESCEnt project, aiming at identifying elements of enhancing critical thinking, responsible communication and accountable behaviour. Three European states were targeted by the study: Romania, Spain and Greece, while 28 practitioners in communication, intelligence and security and law enforcement contributed to the research with significant input on topics related to ethical, successful, and strategic communication characteristics. Ethical communication implies acting by ethical principles, like being truthful, accurate, and well-intentioned. Responsibility is the central element of ethical engagement when informing the public. Effective messages are characterized by clearness, validity of information, novelty and presented in real time. Different types of authorities come into action for the communicators, such as the journalism code of practice, European values, or possible negative social impact.

Objective: the idea of this special issue is to explore in more detail how resilient, sustainable, and responsible business models could be developed. Methods: the papers selected for this special issue offer different approaches to study (a) the state of the art of this field and (b) methods and drivers for achieving the above goals. The research design used is systematic literature reviews, qualitative studies, quantitative studies, and case studies. Results: from the literature reviews, it becomes evident that the triple bottom line needs more sophisticated approaches including operationalization, analysis, discussion, or results of all the three dimensions. Further, several of the papers support recent research regarding the importance of the stakeholders. Conclusions: stakeholder participation emerges as an important research avenue for sustainable business model. Thus, the sustainable business models and the responsible research and innovation literature approach each other on this issue. Managerial implication is to focus on including and understanding its stakeholders. Political implication is to be aware of the context that businesses are operating in to create systems that make it possible to operate sustainably.

Abstract: Starting from an epistemological framework for a teaching of juridical disciplines that is addressed to university students, beginners in the study of law, this paper focuses on the characteristics of a teaching of law that seeks to activate reflection, to encourage participation, to be experiential and democratic. This contribution addresses some reflections for a participatory teaching of law and, in particular, some proposals for the use of cooperative learning methods in the legal education. The underlying hope is that the teaching of law can, especially at this moment, accept the challenge of activating that participatory process of knowledge of the juridical culture and the maturation of an open, responsible and supportive social attitude.

This paper aims to know the situation of the responsible consumption of milk in Spain and the consumers’ perception about labels indicating the responsible and/or sustainable character of a product. Different seals and labels used at national level have been analysed and a prospective survey was carried out on a sample of 200 individuals. Main results suggest the existence of some level of disinformation, which leads to confusion among consumers´, which accept seals and labels with misleading content as valid, as they are unaware of the existence of official certifications and their implications. Therefore, the most obvious conclusion is that companies and institutions in the dairy sector must work to improve their communication actions and, specifically, they must carry out actions to train and inform consumers about the content of the different labels and badges. This effort would not be in vain, as these same consumers are already demanding useful and truthful information about the sustainability of their products and processes.

Abstract As a result of the biotechnological advance, synthetic biology has been applied from the improvement of food to the creation of new organisms. This article investigates, from a bioethical perspective, the benefits, risks and threats to life, arising from the production, manipulation and, especially, the creation of synthesized DNAs that do not exist in nature. Bioethics reports from the White House and the Bioethics Committee of Portugal and Spain contributed to the discussion. The progress of technoscience, without the proper ethical capacity for evaluation, can produce results that compromise the social development, environmental preservation, human dignity, and biosphere life in the future. In this sense, the achievements of synthetic biology have been shown to be ambivalent, because hopes are mixed with threats, with unpredictable results to the diversity of life of the biosphere, which makes prudence the virtue par excellence.

Abstract Multipolarity is casting doubt on the notion of responsibility, and diffused reciprocity of the multilateral system of international development cooperation is falling short. In midst of this crisis, what are possible mechanisms to foster the implementation of the 2030 Agenda? I argue that Triangular Cooperation, through specific reciprocity, presents opportunity for nurturing partnerships and enhancing models to share responsibilities toward international development cooperation. Looking into recent trends of TrC, I argue that through this modality, DAC countries push for greater involvement of the South, and Southern providers share responsibility towards international development.

“Having two teachers leading a classroom opens up many opportunities for students as well as for teachers” (Trites, 2017). At the same time, the class becomes a safe, inclusive and equitable learning environment. According to Walsh (2006), Classroom Interactional Competence (CIC) “refers to those features of conversations between the teacher and the students (and among students) which produce high quality interaction and create ‘space for learning’ of the L2” (p. 19). This allows teachers to make conversational adjustments in order to ensure understanding, achieve participation and help learners’ extend and improve their utterances. This paper deals with the outcomes of an experience carried out by four teachers who wanted to analyse if co-teaching (in two different modalities) and the use of CIC strategies provided students with more opportunities to produce good quality output in L2.

The exceptional work of Edmond Jabès benefited from abundant critical readings coming from multiple horizons. Nevertheless, one can observe a clear imbalance in favour of the volumes that constitute Le Livre des questions or, at least, the absence of in-depth studies analysing systematically the notion of “resemblance” and those other notions that, being closely associated with it, make it fully meaningful. This study, by making its way through the maze of concepts and images that Jabès elaborated around a poetic intuition, tries to understand the no-tion of resemblance, and the uncertainty that naturally accompanies it, through the experience of exile, the quest for thresholds, the practice of writing. L’œuvre exceptionnelle d’Edmond Jabès s’est épanchée sous l’impulsion de nombreuses lectures critiques venant d’horizons multiples. On constate néan-moins un déséquilibre en faveur des volumes qui constituent Le Livre des ques-tions ou, tout du moins, l’absence de travaux approfondis analysant de manière systématique la notion de ressemblance et celles qui, y étant étroitement associées, la rendent pleinement significative. Cette étude, en se frayant un chemin dans le dédale de concepts et d’images que Jabès a élaborés autour d’une intuition poétique, tente ainsi de comprendre la notion de ressemblance, et l’incertitude qui tout naturellement l’accom¬pagne, à travers l’expérience de l’exil, la recherche du seuil, la pratique de l’écriture.

In a changing world that offers new health-care situations, the inadequacy of traditional models of bioethics are demonstrated. A new ethic needs to be based more on a relational paradigm; where inter-subjectivity, encounters with ‘the Other’ particularly with his/her face as a unique person, and where responsibility is at the center, as outlined by Emmanuel Levinas, the French-Lithuanian philosopher. His philosophy helps bioethics in its search for foundations.

La investigación tiene como objetivo, demostrar la factibilidad de la implementación de la Metodología de Pirámide Invertida en el desarrollo de la autoestima y el valor responsabilidad en la clase de Educación Física, la cual invierte los procedimientos tradicionales en la realización de las demostraciones de los ejercicios y avala un sistema de actividades ejecutadas en tres pasos durante la clase; lo que favorece al desarrollo de habilidades deportivas, capacidades físicas, elevación de la autoestima y del valor responsabilidad, en los estudiantes de las carreras previamente otorgadas de la Universidad de Camagüey "Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz". Se emplearon métodos y técnicas de investigación del nivel teórico, empírico y estadístico; durante la constatación inicial del problema de investigación, la modelación de la metodología e implementación del pre-experimento pedagógico y la constatación final de los resultados. Los resultados responden a una de las problemáticas contemporáneas más debatidas en la actualidad, la formación armónica e integral de los estudiantes, que se convierta en una educación de la personalidad sana, madura y eficiente de las nuevas generaciones, lo que permitirá elevar el comportamiento responsable de los jóvenes en su vida personal, al realizar las actividades deportivas en las áreas de nuestra universidad; sentir regocijo y amor por todo lo que les rodea y que sean capaces de amarse a sí mismo. / The objective of the research is to demonstrate the feasibility of the implementation of the Inverted Pyramid Methodology in the development of self-esteem and the responsibility value in the Physical Education class, which invests the traditional procedures in the realization of the demonstrations of the exercises and endorses a system of activities executed in three steps during the class; which favors the development of sports skills, physical abilities, elevation of self-esteem and responsibility value, in the students of the previously awarded careers of the University of Camagüey "Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz". Methods and techniques of investigation of the theoretical, empirical and statistical level were used; during the initial verification of the research problem, the modeling of the methodology and implementation of the pedagogical pre-experiment and the final verification of the results. The results respond to one of the most debated contemporary issues at present, the harmonic and integral formation of the students, that becomes an education of the healthy, mature and efficient personality of the new generations, which will allow to elevate the responsible behavior of young people in their personal lives, when carrying out sports activities in the areas of our university; to feel joy and love for all that surrounds them and that they are capable of loving themselves.

The following article aims to emphasize the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility, from foundations such as responsibility, ethics and sustainable development, and to demonstrate the incoherent relationship that the taxpayer of income tax, of a legal nature, has established between their practices and tax benefits in Colombia. No tax benefit has an impact on the adoption and application of corporate social responsibility, the mere fact of being regulated totally contradicts it in its nature. Establishing relationships between corporate social responsibility and tax benefits makes the company remain behind benefits in its tax burden, being increasingly prone to creating an unsustainable economic, social and environmental dependency. The review of the subject is qualitative and descriptive, the method used is deductive.

A partir de tres pensadores contemporáneos, Hans Jonas, Adela Cortina y Victoria Camps, se reflexionará sobre algunas cuestiones generales de la Responsabilidad Social (RS) y su incidencia en las organizaciones universitarias. El tema de la RS toca muchos ámbitos y el de la educación universitaria no es el de menos. Hoy se percibe la universidad como un lugar de encuentro de docentes, discentes y administrativos donde la responsabilidad es un asunto que atañe al diario vivir de la comunidad académica. Se aborda este tema desde una mirada filosófica que permita entender qué es hoy la Responsabilidad social universitaria, con miras a tener un punto de referencia que permita interpretarla de una manera adecuada. From three contemporary thinkers Hans Jonas, Adela Cortina and Victoria Camps will reflect on some general issues of social responsibility (SR) and its impact on university organizations. The issue of SR touches many areas and university education is not less. Today the university is perceived as a meeting place for teachers, students and administrative where responsibility is a matter that concerns the daily life of the academic community. This issue is addressed from a philosophical look for understanding what the university social responsibility is now in order to have a reference point that allows interpret it in a proper way. A partir de três pensadores contemporâneos Hans Jonas, Adela Cortina e Victoria Camps vai reflectir sobre algumas questões gerais de responsabilidade social (R.S) e seu impacto sobre as organizações universitárias. A questão da R. S toca muitas áreas e educação universitária não é menor. Hoje a universidade é percebido como um lugar de encontro para professores, alunos e administrativa em que a responsabilidade é uma questão que diz respeito à vida diária da comunidade acadêmica. Este problema é resolvido a partir de um olhar filosófico para a compreensão do que é agora a responsabilidade social da universidade, a fim de ter um ponto de referência que permite interpretá-la de forma adequada.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the subjective processes of the significant experience lived by some people in contexts of violence in Colombia. In order to do this, we use analysis from the perspective of phenomenology of Alfred Schütz and Paul Ricoeur, in which imagination converts the construction of peace as a possible world. The intention is to perform a phenomenological analysis describing the meanings given to the conflict from which the reality is interpreted and which drive behaviour. From this analytical exercise it was possible to capture some signals that indicate changes in the meanings granted to the Agreement for peace, from a preconceived project to a series of real acts, an object of phenomenal analysis which gives rise to the question of peace as an opening of social experience. Therefore, rather than closed positions, some considerations are presented as reflections about peace as the thematic horizon of Colombian society, not so much in its knowledge but in its existence.

The quest for and the discovery of the meaning of life, so basic to human existence, play a fundamental role in the process of self‑ discovery, that is, in the examination of our own identity, subjectivity and the “self ”. Underlying this quest are not merely vague approximations to what man is, but clear fundamental dimensions of humanity: freedom and responsibility. Etty Hillesum and Victor Frankl, take different perspectives on the meaning of life of a person who experiences himself, the world, others and God in the face of war and extreme circumstances (Etty perished in Auschwitz, Frankl survived the concentration camps). However, they both point to the universal trait of the utmost engagement of the will and the assumption of responsibility for one’s life, despite the inevitability of death and the prevalent “cultural hibernation”. In both analyses, freedom appears as a response to reality, to the here and now. That response, as such, means taking responsibility for reality and its shape. Hence it an important question to ask would be what it means to take control of one’s destiny. Is it an obligation, a task, life’s demand, or perhaps just submission to what life may bring? Freedom, which is constantly threatened, must fight for itself. This happens owing to the will to live, which first evokes meaning and then the obligation of taking responsibility for oneself, for others, and even for God himself. The Person and the Challenges Volume 7 (2017) Number 1, p. 77–97 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/pch.1982

When conflicts of interests arise for the professional, s/he should be aided in their resolution by a long-standing body of knowledge called ethics. Ethics provides an array of concepts, vocabulary, and strategies to aid in both the understanding and the resolution of such challenges. Central here are two concepts, viz. responsibility and conflict of interest. Responsibility emerges incrementally from a person’s knowledge, freedom, and deliberation. Conflicts of interest are either simple or complex: simple, when a principle conflicts with human wants; complex, when two or more principles are mutually inconsistent. An analysis of these two concepts leads us to the claim that a professional, to remain such, even while embracing an ever-expanding burden of responsibility, needs a conceptual framework for resolving conflicts of interest.

In her writing, Vera Feyder, representative of the tribe called by the historians of Belgian literature generation of identity, the question of identity is inextricably linked with the experience of World War II. The memory of childhood marked by the martyrdom of his father and the deep misery and loneliness, in which the author and his mother lived in the wartime, decide on the content and meaning of her writing. A sense of responsibility for other people, all resistance to the injustice, disagreement with indifference, memory of the past –it is a kind of code, which, according to Feyder, should apply a modern writer.

This article considers the essential connection between human nature and responsibility within the philosophical thought of Karol Wojtyla, focusing on his works The Acting Person and Love and Responsibility. The study begins by examining the freedom as characteristic of the human person according to the order of being, and then turns its attention to the authentic understanding of freedom precisely as freedom for the good. The freedom of the human person is finally considered as the foundation of responsibility.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) research projects engage stakeholders who contribute towards different aspects of research and innovation. One of the aspects that stakeholders contribute towards in ICT research projects is responsibility. There is a need for those engaged in ICT research projects to take into consideration the impacts of their activities on society as part of responsible research and innovation (RRI) through finding solutions to emerging societal problems and developing sustainable processes of carrying out research and innovation. In this paper, the focus is two-fold. Firstly, I focus on understanding how stakeholders are identified to contribute towards responsibility in ICT research projects and secondly, I focus on how stakeholders contribute towards responsibility in such projects. I conducted an interpretive case study in which data were collected by semi-structured interviews with 11 stakeholders from two ICT research projects. Through thematic data analysis, their perceptions and understanding of their contribution towards responsibility were conceived. From the study findings, I established that there are problems in understanding the meaning of term ‘responsibility’ among stakeholders which later affects the identification of roles that deal with it. Despite the ambiguity of the meaning, I found that stakeholders contribute towards responsibility in many ways although there are barriers that affect their contribution.

Abstract We argue that emerging powers’ reluctance to conform to new norms at the global level is grounded not in rejection of norms’ content, but in contestation of norms’ implementation, and of the hierarchical manner in which responsibility is defined and attributed. The assessment of Brazil and India’s approach to the issue of intervention supports our argument.

The objective of this paper is to illustrate the current reality of the Ocha-Ifá Rule in Cuba, which is characterized by the diversity mediated by modernity, which together with other social factors and syncretism identifies a social problem originated, in principle, by the circumstance in which the Spanish white man arrived in Cuba, the way in which he brought the African black and the conditions in which he kept him enslaved; nevertheless, the new reality, black, with skill and wisdom preserves and protects their traditions, their culture. Thus, the expansion of the primary oral transmission of African culture begins in the process of “transculturation”; At present, despite the survival of this religious practice, the modern trend has changed the coexistence between the branches and the actions of practitioners, who with the intention of making their actions prevail, set excessive prices for the established ritual ceremonies. Or they constantly violate duties and rights, thus deforming what is stipulated in the Ocha-Ifá Rule. The above is the result of the «boom» of the Ocha-Ifá Rule «Santería»; event that, sometimes for some implies a fashion and for others the spirituality of the practitioner, which differs from the ethics, respect and confidence of the believer in his practice, therefore the contrast in Cuba between the historical moment is questioned lived by those who preceded us; the silent, discreet scenario in which, for various reasons, they guarded the religion and the current context in which the Ocha-Ifá Rule is practiced.