Search

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of metabolizable energy (ME) on performance parameters and carcass characteristics in slow-growing (experiment 1) and fast-growing (experiment 2) broilers in a free-range system. Were evaluated broilers from 35 to 70 days old in experiment 1 and 28 to 49 days old in experiment 2. A completely randomized experimental design was employed in both experiments, with five treatments and four replicates totaling 20 experimental units containing 15 broilers each. The treatments consisted of rations that had increasing metabolizable energy levels obtained by the substitution of soybean oil in the basal diet for the inert sand ingredient. The metabolizable energy levels studied in experiment 1 were 2700, 2800, 2900, 3000 and 3100 kcal/kg, and in experiment 2, they were 2800, 2900, 3000, 3100 and 3200 kcal/kg. In experiment 1, there was a linear (P

Nos últimos anos, a preocupação com as questões ambientais vem sendo bastante discutidas, onde merece destaque, o descarte indevido do esgoto doméstico no meio ambiente, portanto o presente estudo objetivou realizar a caracterização físico-química e microbiológica do esgoto descartado no solo, no Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, campus de Campina Grande – PB. Para tanto foram desenvolvidas análises físico-químicas, tais como pH, Fósforo Total, DBO, DQO, Nitratos, Nitritos, Nitrogênio Amoniacal, Orto-Fosfatos e Alcalinidade, bem como análise microbiológica (coliformes). Observou-se que o efluente na unidade em questão não recebe tratamento para seu descarte, sendo identificadas características físico-químicas e microbiológicas de esgoto in natura. Faz-se necessário desta forma, investimentos em análises periódicas para assim realizar um tratamento adequado ao efluente visando-se reduzir os riscos ambientais e de saúde pública. Após os resultados das análises, foi proposto, além do tratamento preliminar, um tratamento biológico para o efluente, do tipo, lagoa facultativa primária seguida de duas lagoas de maturação, onde a eficiência do tratamento nos parâmetros analisados se enquadra aos padrões estabelecidos pelo CONAMA 430/2011, na qual o efluente pós - tratado poderia ser reutilizado para fins menos nobres, destinando a água potável para atividades que requerem uma qualidade melhor. Physicochemical and microbiological characterization of wasterwater of the UEPB with proposed of treatment for reuse purposes Abstract: In recent years, concern about environmental issues has been widely discussed, which deserves mention the improper disposal of domestic sewage into the environment, so this study aimed to perform the physicochemical and microbiological sewage discarded the soil, in the Science and Technology Center of the State University of Paraiba, campus of Campina Grande - PB. Therefore, we developed physical-chemical analysis such as pH, Total Phosphorus, BOD, COD, Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia Nitrogen, Orto-Phosphates and alkalinity, as well as microbiological analysis (coliforms). It was noted that the effluent in the unit in question does not receive treatment for their disposal, identified physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of raw sewage. It is necessary therefore, investment in periodic reviews thus to carry out an appropriate treatment to effluent aiming to reduce environmental risks and public health. After the analysis results, it was proposed, in addition to preliminary treatment, a biological treatment for the effluent, type, primary facultative pond followed by two ponds maturation, in which the treatment efficiency in the analyzed parameters falls within the standards set by CONAMA 430/2011 in which the effluent post-treaty could be reused for less noble purposes, intended to clean water for activities that require a better quality.

Em decorrência da escassez de madeira para produção energética, alguns setores tem se empenhado com grandes esforços para a produção de seus próprios insumos. Uma alternativa a essa problemática é a utilização do bambu na produção de carvão vegetal, pois é uma espécie tolerante aos mais variados tipos de ambientes e apresenta boa capacidade produtiva. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial produtivo de carvão vegetal de Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. cultivado em Timon, MA. As amostras foram coletadas num bambuzal de 48,56 ha dividido em quatro talhões (tratamentos), no município de Timon, MA. Em seguida, levadas ao Laboratório de Tecnologia da Madeira da UFCG/CSTR onde se determinou a densidade básica dos colmos do bambu, o rendimento em carvão, rendimento em líquido pirolenhoso, gases incondensáveis e análise química imediata. A densidade básica média do bambu foi de 490 kg/m3, não apresentando diferença significativa entre as médias dos quatro tratamentos. O rendimento médio em carvão vegetal foi de 39,05%, sendo que os tratamentos 1 e 4 apresentaram os maiores valores, com médias de 40,34% e 39,85%, entretanto não diferiram estatisticamente. O rendimento médio em gases condensáveis foi de 12,17%. A densidade aparente variou de 1,945 a 2,833 g/cm3. Os teores médios de materiais voláteis, carbono fixo e rendimento em carbono fixo foram respectivamente 28,55%, 64,11% e 25,04%, não apresentando diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. De acordo com as análises realizadas, verificou-se que o carvão vegetal produzido a partir dos colmos de Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. possui potencial para comercialização e utilização como fonte energética. Productive potential of species Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. charcoal grown in Timon, Ma As a result of the scarcity of raw material (wood) for the production of energy, some sectors have committed themselves with great efforts to produce their own inputs. An alternative for this problem is the usage of bamboo in the production of vegetable coal, as it is a species which is tolerant to various types of environment and presents a good productive capacity. In this context, the present study aimed to assess the production potential of vegetable coal of Bambusa vulgaris Schrad, cultivated in Timon, MA. The samples were collected in a bamboo grove of 48,56 ha divided into four stands (treatments), located in the municipality of Timon, MA. Subsequently, taken to the Laboratory of Wood Technology of the UFCG/CSTR, where the basic density of the bamboo poles, the efficiency in the conversion into coal, efficiency in pyrolysis liquid, incondensable gases and immediate chemical analysis were determined. The average basic density of the bamboo was of 490kg/m3, not presenting significant difference between the averages of the four treatments. The average yield in vegetable coal was of 39,05%, and the treatments 1 and 4 presented higher values, with averages of 40,34% and 39,85%, however they did not differ statistically. The average yield of the condensable gases was of 12,17%. The apparent density varied from 1,945 to 2,833 g/cm3. The average contents of volatile materials, fixed carbon and fixed carbon efficiency were respectively 28,55%, 64,11% and 25,04%, not presenting significant difference among the treatments According to the analysis carried out, it was verified that the vegetable coal produced from the poles of Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. has potential for commercialization and use as an energy source.

RESUMO A literatura extensamente associa o desenvolvimento infantil à qualidade da estimulação ambiental. Entretanto, são escassos os estudos que verificam se tal associação tem relação com as habilidades funcionais da criança. Este estudo tem por objetivo investigar quais oportunidades no ambiente domiciliar estão associadas e explicam às habilidades funcionais de mobilidade e função social de crianças na primeiríssima infância. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e exploratório feito com 74 crianças entre 6 e 18 meses. Para avaliar as oportunidades presentes no ambiente domiciliar, foi utilizado o instrumento affordances in the home environment motor development - infant scale. Para avaliar as habilidades funcionais das crianças, foi utilizado o inventário de avaliação pediátrica de incapacidade. Observou-se que a mobilidade das crianças pode ser explicada em 45,6% (R² ajustado=0,45) e a função social em 30% (R² ajustado=0,30) pela quantidade de brinquedos de motricidade grossa, pelos equipamentos e pela variedade de estimulação presente no ambiente domiciliar. Conclui-se que posições, brinquedos e materiais que mantêm a criança mais restrita e menos ativa exercem influência negativa. Por outro lado, brinquedos que oportunizam um maior deslocamento e interação favorecem as habilidades funcionais de mobilidade e função social.

ABSTRACT We report the occurrence of the lizard Gymnophthalmus underwoodi in the municipality of Belém, state of Pará, Brazil. This is the first record of that species south of the Amazonas River, probably because of an accidental introduction by ships that dock in Belém, the same pathway suggested for the recent introduction of another species of exotic lizard recently recorded in the city. We also determined the identity of some specimens of Gymnophthalmus from the states of Amapá and Pará through external morphology and molecular data, confirming that, until now, G. vanzoi is the only Gymnophthalmus occurring in the savanna enclaves of those states. Finally, we provide a new distribution map for the species of Gymnophthalmus, including the new occurrence record for G. underwoodi for the state of Pará, where it can be considered as an invasive species.

Objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade econômica do confinamento de ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes fontes volumosas. Foram utilizados 21 ovinos machos Santa Inês, não castrados, distribuídos em três tratamentos: silagem de milho (SM); palma forrageira associada ao bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (BC); palma forrageira associada ao feno de Tifton 85 (FT) em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foi avaliada a viabilidade econômica e os parâmetros produtivos dos ovinos em cada dieta ofertada. Os ovinos do tratamento FT tiveram maior (P0,05) quanto ao desempenho produtivo dos demais tratamentos. Os custos superaram a receita resultando em rentabilidade negativa para as dietas testadas. A terminação em confinamento, com dietas a base de silagem de milho, feno de Tifton 85 associada à palma ou bagaço de cana associada à palma, apresenta alto custo de produção e inviabiliza a atividade.

Bacterial cellulose produced from Gluconacetobacter xilinus was used to produce cellulose nanocrystals by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. Hydrolysis was performed with 64% sulfuric acid at 50 ºC with the hydrolysis time ranging between 5 and 90 min. The production of nanocrystals was observed to have size distributions that were dependent on hydrolysis times up to 10 min, after which time the suspensions showed distributions closer in size. Results from thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction showed that the amorphous cellulose was removed, leaving only the crystalline portion. Self-supported films were formed from the suspension of nanocrystals and had iridescence characteristics. The films were characterized by microscopy measures and specular reflectance.

Tamandua tetradactyla, Xenarthra, is a native species from South America which, due to the few number of studies on its biology, still has many unknown aspects in its morphology. Taking into account the importance of morphological data for various studies, this paper aimed to elucidate the branching of the abdominal aorta in this species to foster the development of further studies. To do this, 4 specimens were used, 2 male and 2 female, all young, from the Bauxite Mine – Paragominas, Para, Brazil, donated after death due to running over to the Animal Morphology Research Laboratory (LaPMA) of Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia (UFRA). The arterial system was filled with contrasted latex and the animals were fixed in a formaldehyde solution (10%), and then dissected, in order to evidence the abdominal aorta and its collateral branches. The parietal branches consisted of 1 pair of caudal phrenic arteries, 2 pairs of intercostal arteries, and 3 pairs of lumbar arteries. Among the visceral branches, stood out: celiac artery; cranial mesenteric artery; adrenal arteries; renal arteries; caudal mesenteric artery; and external, internal, and median sacral iliac arteries, formed from the final portion of the abdominal aorta. Testicular and ovarian arteries originated from the renal arteries, differing from that described in various species.

Neste artigo pretendemos discutir sobre a nova proposta do Ensino Médio articulado ao Ensino profissionalizante, nas instituições SESI e SENAI na cidade de Mossoró/RN. Essa proposta tem por finalidade proporcionar a formação integral, alicerçada nas dimensões do trabalho, ciência e cultura e ampliar as possibilidades de inserção do cidadão na vida produtiva e social, bem como dar continuidade ao seu itinerário formativo, contribuindo para a formação continuada e permanente do aluno. Dessa maneira, objetivamos com esse estudo analisar as contribuições dessa articulação para ensino - aprendizagem do aluno e as possibilidades de construção de novos conhecimentos. O estudo fundamenta-se em documentos como referenciais normativos, pedagógico, operacionais e financeiros nacionais para a articulação da educação básica do SESI com a educação profissional do SENAI (2006), relatório de mapeamento e diagnóstico do Projeto EBEP, Educação básica do SESI articulada com educação Profissional do SENAI (2001; 2011). A ênfase dada pela LDB (Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação) 9.394/96, para a educação profissional deixa claro que deve ser desenvolvida em articulação com o ensino regular ou por diferentes estratégias de educação continuada numa perspectiva do exercício pleno da cidadania. Esta pesquisa é resultado de um trabalho exploratório-bibliográfico que tem como objetivo maior compreender as reflexões e proposições atribuídas a essa articulação médio com o ensino profissionalizante na contemporaneidade.

Here we report the validation of a derivatization method that makes use of fluorescamine as a selective reactant for the quantitative analysis of peptide and protein drugs in the dissolution profile from depot formulations. Typical current methods require separation of the nano/microparticles and time-consuming chromatographic runs. In this study we report a method which can be conducted without the need for complete physical separation of the particles or removal of the unreacted probe. This method was used here for the analysis of the release profile of octreotide in a depot formulation, with results in excellent agreement with reported chromatographic assays.

Objective: the applications of endoscopic ultrasonography have diversified over recent years. The possibility of reaching cardiac territory has been successfully explored in experimental models, opening up a new field of possibilities for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions that were unthinkable until very recently. The aims set out in this study are to evaluate cardiac anatomy, its approach, the safety of the experimental procedure and the resulting morphological and histological changes after the procedure. Material and methods: the study has been performed on two adult pigs. They have undergone different surgical approaches to the cardiac cavities and descending thoracic aorta with excellent results. Results: different cardiac structures have been identified and operated upon (right auricle, left auricle, left ventricle, cardiac valves), as well as major vessels. The use of contrast, both intracavitary and from a peripheral vein, enabled us to verify the anatomical spaces studied. During the procedures we monitored for arrhythmias, hemodynamic behavior, possibility of infection by obtaining sample hemocultures before and after procedures, and response to punctures. Conclusions: the present study has enabled us to evaluate access to the heart from the esophageal lumen using endoscopic ultrasonography, with results that are very similar to those described in the current bibliography. However, we offer two novelties: puncture of the right auricle through the interauricular partition and puncture of the descending thoracic aorta, both performed with ease and apparent safety.Objetivo: las aplicaciones de la ultrasonografía endoscópica se han diversificado en los últimos tiempos. La posibilidad de acceder al territorio cardiaco se ha explorado en modelos experimentales con buenos resultados, abriendo un campo de nuevas posibilidades de intervencionismo diagnóstico y terapéutico hasta hace poco impensables. Los objetivos planteados en este trabajo pretenden evaluar la anatomía cardiaca, su abordaje, la seguridad del procedimiento experimental y los cambios morfológicos e histológicos derivados. Material y métodos: se ha trabajado con dos animales adultos de la especie porcina a los que se han practicado diversos abordajes a cavidades cardiacas y aorta torácica descendente con excelentes resultados. Resultados: se han identificado y abordado diversas estructuras cardiacas (aurícula derecha, aurícula izquierda, ventrículo izquierdo, válvulas cardiacas) y grandes vasos. El uso de contraste intracavitario y desde una vía venosa periférica ha permitido asegurar los espacios anatómicos estudiados. Durante los procedimientos se ha monitorizado la aparición de arritmias, el comportamiento hemodinámico, la posibilidad de infección mediante la obtención de hemocultivos antes y después de aquellos y la respuesta a las punciones. Conclusiones: el presente trabajo nos ha permitido evaluar el acceso al corazón desde la luz esofágica mediante ultrasonografía endoscópica, con unos resultados muy similares a los observados en la literatura, ofreciendo dos novedades como la punción de la aurícula derecha a través del tabique interauricular y de la aorta torácica descendente, de forma fácil y aparentemente segura.

A porosidade do solo é de extrema importância à produtividade agrícola, uma vez que, em condições adversas, pode dificultar a penetração das raízes e, consequentemente, limitar o adequado aproveitamento dos nutrientes e da água disponível. Na Fazenda Bonança, em Pereira Barreto - SP, em 2005, foi analisada a produtividade de forragem do milho (MSF), a macroporosidade (MA), a microporosidade (MI) e a porosidade total (PT) de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (Acrustox Háplico), sob plantio direto, em três profundidades. O objetivo foi estudar as correlações lineares e espaciais entre os atributos da planta e do solo, na tentativa de selecionar, entre os do solo, um indicador da sua qualidade física de boa representatividade para a produtividade da forragem. Foi instalada a malha geoestatística para a coleta dos dados do solo e da planta, contendo 125 pontos amostrais numa área de 2.500 m². Os atributos estudados apresentaram variabilidade entre baixa e muito alta. Também, seguiram padrões espaciais claramente definidos, com alcances da dependência espacial entre 6,6 e 31,1 m. Apesar da correlação linear simples entre a MSF e a MI na profundidade de 0,10-0,20 m ter sido baixa, foi extremamente significativa. Contudo, do ponto de vista espacial, houve elevada correlação inversa entre tais variáveis. Assim, a MI2 apresentou-se como satisfatório indicador da qualidade física do solo de Pereira Barreto - SP, quando destinado à produtividade de forragem do milho.Soil porosity is of great importance for the crop yield, as the unfavorable conditions can hinder the roots penetration and, therefore, limit the appropriate nutrients and available water uptake. In the year of 2005, on Bonança farm, in Pereira Barreto - SP, Brazil, the corn forage yield (CFY), macroporosity (MA), microporosity (MI) and total porosity (TP) of a Typic Hapludox soil were analyzed concerning three different depths, under no-tillage. The objective was to analyze the variability and the linear and spatial correlations between soil and plant features, aiming at selecting a physical quality indicator which represents the forage yield. The geostatistical mesh to collect soil and plant data with 125 sampling stations has been established in an area of 2.500 m². In general, the studied features showed variability between low and very high. They were under clearly defined spatial patterns, with ranges of spatial dependence between 6.6 and 31.1 meters. Despite the fact that the simple linear correlation between CFY and MI at 0.10-0.20 m deep (M2) was low, it was extremely significant. However, from the spatial point of view, there was high inverse correlation between such variables. Therefore, the MI2 proved to be an excellent indicator for the soil physical quality of Pereira Barreto - SP, when it is intended to grow corn forage.

Pheromones are chemical compounds used by species to communicate intra and inter specifically. As strategy of integrated pest management (IPM), the use of these compounds allows the monitoring of target insects that results in more reliable interventions and consequently avoiding unnecessary use of pesticides. In certain crops these compounds are used as a control measure, not only monitoring. The Brazilian agriculture has a portfolio of 49 major crops that are attacked by 447 species of insects. Of this total, 103 species have already been the subject of study in the research with pheromones. Currently, in the Brazilian market, 28 pheromone products are indicated for the control of 19 insect pests. However, these products are not used regularly in major crops of the country. This stems from the lack of implementation of IPM of these crops. While the research focused on the main species of agribusiness pests, marked of pheromones products is serving to more marginal crops like apples and peaches at the expense of major crops like soybean and corn.

Based on a specially created mass spectral database utilizing 23 tetradecenyl and 22 hexadecenyl acetate standards along with Kóvats retention indices obtained on a very polar stationary phase [poly (biscyanopropyl siloxane)] (SP 2340), (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate and (E)-8-hexadecenyl acetate were identified in active pheromone extracts of Elasmopalpus lignosellus. This identification was more efficient than our previous study using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with a dimethyl disulfide derivative where we could only identify the first two acetates. The acetate composition of the pheromone gland differed from region to region in Brazil and from that from the Tifton (GA, USA) population, suggesting polymorphism or a different sub-species.

Analisar o setor terciário sob o enfoque de cluster constitui objeto pouco discutido na literatura. Tal análise consiste num desafio em si próprio, uma vez que o terciário envolve grande variedade de atividades, com especificidades em termos de trajetória e dinâmica de mercado que dificultam a generalização conceitual. O presente artigo pretende contribuir para essa análise, abordando a definição de cluster valendo-se da experiência do agrupamento territorial de empresas do chamado pólo médico do Recife. Interessa- nos verificar se os elementos conceituais que dão suporte à idéia de cluster podem também ter aplicação no setor terciário. Para isso, procuramos conciliar diferentes referenciais teóricos - a literatura sobre distritos industriais, transações económicas e economia de inovação, todas focadas no setor secundário - com as especificidades do setor de serviços de assistência de saúde, objeto de nossa análise.

Analysis of the service sector from the standpoint of clusters is not common in the literature. Such an analysis is a challenge in and of itself, since the service sector covers a broad range of activities, with different market dynamics and trajectories, making generalization difficult. This article seeks to contribute to this analysis, examining the definition of cluster based on the experience of the so-called Recife Medical Hub, a group of companies located in close physical proximity. We wanted to determine whether the elements on which the concept of cluster is based could also be applied to the service sector. To this end, we sought to reconcile different theoretical references: the literature on industrial districts, on economic transactions and innovation economy, all focused on the industrial sector, with the specifics of health care, the subject of this study.

O umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam.) é uma fruta nativa da Região Nordeste do Brasil. Ainda não devidamente caracterizado, particularmente no que se refere ao seu potencial para industrialização, o umbu demanda pesquisas. Atualmente, esses frutos são consumidos restritamente na região Nordeste, principalmente na forma in natura, preparados como refresco, sorvete ou "umbuzada" (polpa do umbu cozida com leite e açúcar). Objetivou-se com este trabalho adequar a tecnologia convencional de processamento de geléia e compota para o umbu, avaliando a aceitação sensorial e as características físico-químicas desses produtos. Para o processamento de geléia, utilizaram-se duas proporções polpa/açúcar: 50:50 e 40:60, e três concentrações de sólidos insolúveis da polpa: 0%, 50% e 100% do teor de sólidos original da polpa. Para a compota, elaboraram-se produtos com diferentes teores de sólidos solúveis finais, 25°Brix, 30°Brix e 35°Brix, adicionados de 1% de cloreto de cálcio. As polpas, geléias e compotas dos diferentes tratamentos foram submetidas a análises físicas, físico-químicas, químicas e sensoriais. No processamento da geléia de umbu, os produtos obtidos apresentaram valores de acidez total titulável entre 0,60% e 0,90% e de sólidos soúveis totais entre 66,3°Brix e 68,6°Brix. Os tratamentos com proporção polpa:açúcar 50:50 foram significativamente (p < 0,05) mais bem aceitos quanto aos atributos aparência, cor e textura. Para o produto compota de umbu, os tratamentos com 30°Brix e 35°Brix obtiveram maior aceitação sensorial. O aproveitamento do umbu na forma de geléia ou compota mostrou-se possível, tendo os produtos desenvolvidos apresentado boa aceitação sensorial.The umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam.) is a native fruit of the Brazilian Northeast region.. The umbu demands research as it is not adequately characterized, particularly considering its potential for industrialization. Nowadays, these fruits are consumed, at the Northeast region, mainly in natura, prepared as juice, ice cream or "umbuzada" (pulp of the umbu cooked with milk and sugar). The objective of this work was to adapt conventional technology to process umbu jelly and fruit-in-syrup, by evaluating the sensorial acceptance and the physicochemical characteristics of these products. For the jelly processing, it was used two pulp:sugar proportions, 50:50 and 40:60, and three concentrations of insoluble solids of the pulp, 0%, 50% and 100% of the original insoluble solids pulp content. For the umbu-in-syrup, the products were elaborated with different concentration of final soluble solids, 25°Brix, 30°Brix and 35°Brix, added of 1% calcium chloride. The pulps, jellies and fruits-in-syrup of the different treatments were submitted to physical, physicochemical, chemical and sensorial analyses. In the processing of the umbu jelly, the end products presented values of total titratable acidity between 0.60% and 0.90% and soluble solid contents between 66.3°Brix and 68.6°Brix. The treatments with proportion pulp:sugar 50:50 had significantly (p < 0,05) highest sensorial acceptance in relation to the attributes appearance, color and texture. The global acceptance of the umbu fruit-in-syrup was highest for the treatments with 30°Brix and 35°Brix. The use of the umbu fruit as jelly or fruit-in-syrup is possible as these products presented good sensorial acceptance.

OBJETIVO: Seguindo-se à epidemia de dengue (DEN), em 1994, em Fortaleza, Ceará, causada pelo sorotipo 2 (DEN-2), realizou-se inquérito soro-epidemiológico aleatório para avaliar e dimensionar o impacto da mesma e a prevalência do dengue por distrito sanitário. MÉTODO: Foi aplicado questionário contendo informações gerais, condições socio-econômicas, informações sobre o quadro clínico e tempo de doença. A amostra foi calculada para estimar uma prevalência de 20%, com erro relativo de 10%, e intervalo de confiança de 95% (erro a de 5%). O sorteio e as análises foram realizadas por meio de computador usando programas apropriados. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Foram colhidas 1.341 amostras de soro de 9 distritos sanitários, testadas por inibição da hemaglutinação, sendo classificadas como negativas e positivas (respostas primária - RP e secundária - RS). Foram reativas 588 (44%) amostras, sendo 93 (7%) RP e 495 (37%) RS. A prevalência global em Fortaleza variou de 21% a 71%. Houve 41% (243/588) de infecções assintomáticas (IA) e 59% (346/588) sintomáticas (IS). Não houve diferença da prevalência quanto ao sexo, faixa etária e escolaridade, ao contrário da condição socioeconômica que apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p < 0,001). Ocorreram mais IA (pOBJECTIVE: A seroepidemiological random survey was carried out in Fortaleza city, State of Ceará, Brazil, following an epidemic of dengue virus type 2 (DEN 2), with the purpose of evaluating the frequency of clinical manifestations (signs and symptoms) and the prevalence of dengue infection. METHOD: A questionnaire calling for information on address, sex, age, clinical, epidemiological and economic status was applied to the population, followed by venupuncture collection of 5-10 ml of blood for testing by hemagglutination-inhibition (HI). The sample was calculated to obtain a prevalence of 20% with relative risk of 10% and confidence interval of 95%. All information obtained was analyzed by computer using Epi Info 5.0®, Lotus 123®, Excel 5.0®, and Stata® software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A total of 1,341 serum samples were obtained from nine Health Districts (SD) and tested by hemagglutination inhibition. Of these, 589 (44%) were positive and 752 (56%) negative. Of the positive results, 93 primary responses (PR) (7%) to DEN-2 and 496 secondary responses (SR) (37%) were observed. The global prevalence in the SD ranged from 21% to 71%. There were 41% (243/589) asymptomatic infections and 59% (346/589) symptomatic infections. Data analysis showed no difference in frequency by sex, age, on schooling, although a highly statistically significant difference was found as between the different social classes, the infection most commonly observed being among people of better social status.The stratification of positive cases showed greater prevalence of AI (p

Com o crescente aumento de mulheres que praticam exercícios físicos e esportes de forma regular, é importante que o especialista nas áreas clínicas se mantenha atualizado sobre os benefícios e riscos da prática esportiva durante a gravidez, no sentido de promover uma orientação segura e precisa para suas pacientes grávidas.With the increasing number of women that perform physical activities and practice sports regularly, it is important for the clinical specialists to be updated about the benefits and risks of sports practices during pregnancy, with the aim of promoting a safe and precise orientation of their pregnant patients.

Compreender a natureza dos processos que vêm ocorrendo nas fronteiras agrícolas, característícas da transferência de capital e de tecnologia e os impactos sócio-econômicos e as perspectivas para tais áreas são os objetivos do presente trabalho. Parte-se da constatação de que as fronteiras agrícolas tiveram dinãmicas de formação e evolução diferenciadas, o que lhes dá características e lógicas de evolução díspares. As áreas de fronteira agrícola no Brasil têm representado o desbravamento e a incorporação de novas terras ao setor agrícola de variadas maneiras e desenvolvendo atividades também distintas. Cabe ressaltar que muitas das áreas ainda chamadas de fronteiras já foram incorporadas ao processo agrícola de produção capitalista. Ao analisar os movimentos mais recentes, observamos que estes podem ser caracterizados por uma hegemonia da ocupação capitalista da fronteira sobre as tradicionais frentes de expansão.

Analysis of the service sector from the standpoint of clusters is not common in the literature. Such an analysis is a challenge in and of itself, since the service sector covers a broad range of activities, with different market dynamics and trajectories, making generalization difficult. This article seeks to contribute to this analysis, examining the definition of cluster based on the experience of the so-called Recife Medical Hub, a group of companies located in close physical proximity. We wanted to determine whether the elements on which the concept of cluster is based could also be applied to the service sector. To this end, we sought to reconcile different theoretical references: the literature on industrial districts, on economic transactions and innovation economy, all focused on the industrial sector, with the specifics of health care, the subject of this study.

OBJETIVO: Seguindo-se à epidemia de dengue (DEN), em 1994, em Fortaleza, Ceará, causada pelo sorotipo 2 (DEN-2), realizou-se inquérito soro-epidemiológico aleatório para avaliar e dimensionar o impacto da mesma e a prevalência do dengue por distrito sanitário. MÉTODO: Foi aplicado questionário contendo informações gerais, condições socio-econômicas, informações sobre o quadro clínico e tempo de doença. A amostra foi calculada para estimar uma prevalência de 20%, com erro relativo de 10%, e intervalo de confiança de 95% (erro a de 5%). O sorteio e as análises foram realizadas por meio de computador usando programas apropriados. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Foram colhidas 1.341 amostras de soro de 9 distritos sanitários, testadas por inibição da hemaglutinação, sendo classificadas como negativas e positivas (respostas primária - RP e secundária - RS). Foram reativas 588 (44%) amostras, sendo 93 (7%) RP e 495 (37%) RS. A prevalência global em Fortaleza variou de 21% a 71%. Houve 41% (243/588) de infecções assintomáticas (IA) e 59% (346/588) sintomáticas (IS). Não houve diferença da prevalência quanto ao sexo, faixa etária e escolaridade, ao contrário da condição socioeconômica que apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p < 0,001). Ocorreram mais IA (p

RESUMO Caatinga sensu stricto é a vegetação típica do semiárido brasileiro, adaptada à forte sazonalidade das chuvas e às altas temperaturas. Possui alta riqueza de espécies e alto nível de diversidade beta. O objetivo do estudo foi documentar a flora e fitossociologia das plantas lenhosas e herbáceas de uma área de caatinga. Para isso, amostramos um hectare na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Fazenda Almas (Estado da Paraíba). A área apresentou diversidade florística de 114 espécies (34 lenhosas/80 herbáceas), semelhante a outros estudos realizados nessa vegetação. O componente lenhoso apresentou densidade absoluta de 4822 ind.ha-1 e área basal de 38,851 m2.ha-1. Para plantas herbáceas foi registrada uma variação na densidade, percentual de cobertura do solo e riqueza de espécies entre as estações seca e chuvosa. Apesar da alta biodiversidade, a caatinga continua passando por extensos processos de degradação ambiental. O presente trabalho documentou a estrutura de um trecho conservado de caatinga que pode ser uma referência para futuros projetos de restauração.

Objective: to identify the occurrences related to peripheral venipuncture and hypodermoclysis among patients hospitalized in a general hospital and in an exclusive hospital institution for the care of patients in palliative cancer care., Method: an observational, descriptive and multicenter study. The consecutive and non-probabilistic sample consisted of 160 cancer patients hospitalized in Palliative Care. The outcome variable corresponded to the occurrences and complications related to each type of puncture. A questionnaire containing the sociodemographic and clinical variables and a structured script for monitoring and daily evaluation of the puncture were used. Descriptive statistics were employed for data analysis., Results: the occurrences related to venipuncture at a general hospital were blood soiling at catheter insertion (17.4%) and expired use period (15.8%), while at a specific service for the care of patients under palliative care they were expired use period (32%) followed by infiltration (18.9%). As for hypodermoclysis, there were two subcutaneous punctures with phlogistic signs (1.0%) at the general hospital and a hematoma at the catheter insertion site (0.5%). At the specific service for the care of patients under palliative care there were three subcutaneous punctures with phlogistic signs (5.7%)., Conclusion: the number of occurrences related to peripheral venipuncture was higher than those related to hypodermoclysis.

Objective: To propose and evaluate the use of a porcine model for training in how to manage and improve the quality of anesthesia during liver transplantation., Material and Methods: Five trained anesthesiologists who had no previous experience in managing anesthesia during liver transplantation and who did not work in hospitals where the procedure was performed volunteered for the training course and evaluated it. Each trainee anesthetized 5 animals. Surgery was performed under total balanced anesthesia with monitoring of hemodynamics, ventilation, biochemistry, arterial blood gases, and coagulation. Previously set criteria were used to evaluate the trainees' skill in maintaining patient stability. Their work was assessed 7 times: at baseline, 15 minutes into the preanhepatic phase, at the end of the preanhepatic stage, 15 minutes into the anhepatic phase, at the end of the anhepatic phase, 15 minutes into the postanhepatic phase, and at the end of the postanhepatic phase. After completing the course, the trainees filled in a questionnaire to evaluate its usefulness. Analysis of variance was applied to score changes in anesthetic quality criteria., Results: After implantation, changes in metabolic (acidosis) and cardiac (hypotension and bradycardia) status were the most critical abnormalities the trainees faced. Their skill in coping with hemodynamic and metabolic changes improved significantly (P<.05). All participants expressed a preference for receiving training in a porcine model before providing anesthesia in this surgical setting., Conclusions: Under this training model, the anesthesiologists understood and were able to manage the hemodynamic and physiologic changes that develop during a liver transplant procedure. We believe that training using a porcine model allows an anesthesiologist to acquire experience and skill in this setting.

Objective: The applications of endoscopic ultrasonography have diversified over recent years. The possibility of reaching cardiac territory has been successfully explored in experimental models, opening up a new field of possibilities for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions that were unthinkable until very recently. The aims set out in this study are to evaluate cardiac anatomy, its approach, the safety of the experimental procedure and the resulting morphological and histological changes after the procedure., Material and Methods: The study has been performed on two adult pigs. They have undergone different surgical approaches to the cardiac cavities and descending thoracic aorta with excellent results., Results: Different cardiac structures have been identified and operated upon (right auricle, left auricle, left ventricle, cardiac valves), as well as major vessels. The use of contrast, both intracavitary and from a peripheral vein, enabled us to verify the anatomical spaces studied. During the procedures we monitored for arrhythmias, hemodynamic behavior, possibility of infection by obtaining sample hemocultures before and after procedures, and response to punctures., Conclusions: The present study has enabled us to evaluate access to the heart from the esophageal lumen using endoscopic ultrasonography, with results that are very similar to those described in the current bibliography. However, we offer two novelties: puncture of the right auricle through the interauricular partition and puncture of the descending thoracic aorta, both performed with ease and apparent safety.

Acute septic arthritis is a common diagnosis usually seen by radiologists, internists, and family physicians; it is most commonly caused by pyogenic pathogens. In the majority of patients, it is possible to identify, the infection mechanism: spread of infection can be due to hematogenous dissemination, a contiguous source of infection, direct inoculation, or surgical contamination. Radiologic findings include increase in articular space and central and marginal bone erosions; the first plain radiograph changes are seen 8-10 days after symptoms. We present the case of a 9-year-old girl with septic arthritis of right hip; in presenting this case we offer a brief summary of clinical features and main imaging findings of septic arthritis (plain radiographs, ultrasonography, and gammagraphy).