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Objective: To evaluate the associations between relapse and admissions (voluntary and involuntary) in a sample of patients with substance dependence., Methods: This is a cross-sectional study undertaken at a private medical therapeutic community specialised in treating addiction, located in a rural area of São Paulo, Brazil. Sociodemographic characteristics, the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA), Stages Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-SCID were used., Results: Relapse was associated with low family income (P=.006) and contemplation motivational stage (P<0.05). Nevertheless, no significant differences between individuals who were admitted involuntarily (64%) and voluntarily (54%) were observed (P=0.683) in terms of relapses., Conclusions: In this sample, the relapse outcome in involuntary admissions was no different from the voluntary ones., (Copyright © 2019 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

The study aims to identify the nursing diagnosis Spiritual distress in 120 patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency, using different instruments, and to evaluate the effectiveness of these instruments in support of this identification. Data were collected separately by two nurses using a questionnaire containing sociodemographic information and the defining characteristics of Spiritual distress, as well as direct questioning to the patient regarding the presence of the diagnosis and the instruments: the Spirituality Rating Scale; Pinto and Pais-Ribeiro's Spirituality Scale; and the Spiritual Well-being Scale. The study found that 25.8% to 35.8% of the patients had the diagnosis. The diagnostic evaluation developed by the expert nurses presented no divergence between the two and obtained a perfect concordance coefficient (96.7%) with the opinion of the patient; this demonstrated substantial concordance with the Existential Well-being Sub-scale (83.3%) and with the Pinto e Pais-Ribeiro's Spirituality Scale (87.5%), which demonstrated their usefulness for diagnostic identification.

The aim was to determine the meanings attributed to tobacco consumption among freshmen college students at the University of Tegucigalpa, Honduras. A qualitative study was carried out, using symbolic interactionism as the methodological framework. We conducted four focus groups with 10 to 12 male and female students from different courses, smokers and nonsmokers. The main categories of meanings regarding tobacco use were the presence of smokers in families of origin, the spaces for the start of smoking. The reasons for the initiation of tobacco use include influence from friends and colleagues. Sports and personal commitments were considered factors that do not promote tobacco use. We concluded that the university is an open space for the development and implementation of educational strategies in the prevention against tobacco use.

This study examines the social risk and protection factors for excessive alcohol use, based on the data from the "National Survey on the prevalence of substance abuse in 2008", in a population of young Argentines, from 16 to 24 years of age. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used. The following risk factors were observed: age at onset (the younger, the higher the risk); the Pampas region, Northwest and Northeast; males; from families with unsatisfied basic needs. Protective factors include idleness, no opportunity to try out illicit drugs, not being tempted to experiment with illicit drugs and no previous use of tobacco, or tranquilizers, or cocaine or cocaine-based substances in the lifetime. The results provide useful information to develop prevention programs for adolescents and young people.

Unlabelled: Road crashes are one of the largest public health problems in the world. Impacts affect Health, Economic and Social areas. This study focuses on heavy load drivers. The goal is to identify the costs of accidents to implement control strategies for licit and illicit substance consumption in heavy load drivers., Method: a retrospective correlation study was conducted, covering the period from 2004 to 2006. In the population covered by the program, the number of accidents decreased by 15% and cost for damage by collision by 24%., Conclusion: This type of studies are of great value and can be used as a basis for implementing programs designed to modify behavior and carefully monitor the health of professional drivers.

The study aims to identify patterns of alcohol consumption in Mexican medical students. This is a cross-sectional study, conducted at the University of Veracruz, Mexico. The sample comprised 263 students (84.4%). The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Student Questionnaire 2006 were used. Students were characterized by youth and women. Seventy-two percent used alcohol in the lifetime, with 12.5 years as the onset age. The frequency of consumption was low but the quantity high, with a pattern of drunkenness, mainly among men. Forty-six percent consumed beverage at a problematic level. Students perceive that parents and teachers badly assess alcoholic beverage consumption. This study contributes to the planning of preventive programs for alcohol consumption, to be applied in the university context.

Drugs use in adolescence is an important issue to be discussed, due to the early damage it causes. This study investigated adolescent drugs use, ranging from the first trial to perceptions about treatment adherence. Based on qualitative research, the researchers aimed to understand the problem from the subjects' viewpoint. Data were analyzed through thematic categorization. Fourteen teenagers were interviewed: mostly males, 14 to 19 years old and low education. Marijuana was the most used drug upon the first trial. Friends, free time and "parties" favored drugs use. Teenagers also used drugs to escape from conflicts and feelings. Different intrinsic and extrinsic factors were reported as favorable to treatment adherence and dropout. The findings can contribute to establish therapeutic intervention proposals for adolescent drug users.

Nurses have unique opportunities to help their patients to stop smoking. The aim of this study was to identify, among nurses of a hospital, the consumption of smoking products, their attitudes and information received on smoking. It was a descriptive study, carried out with 204 (48%) nurses of the Hospital Arzobispo Loayza, Lima, Peru. The Global Health Professional Survey (GHPS) was used. Among the sample the prevalence of smoking in life was 67.1% and 3% in the last month. The majority of nurses presented positive attitudes and knew the importance and responsibility of advising patients to quit. The majority had received general information regarding the topic, though half of them had not received specific information regarding treatment. In view of the importance of this theme, this study identified a need for further research of this nature as well as revision of the curricula regarding the approach toward the theme of smoking.

The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and the practices regarding tobacco consumption in pharmacy students according to their demographic and academic characteristics. The sample consisted of 276 (55.2%) pharmacy students of a Peruvian Private University to whom the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) was applied. In men, the prevalence of lifetime use of tobacco of 93.7%, of alcohol 70.8% and of illegal drugs 14.1% was identified. The prevalence of lifetime and current consumption of tobacco in the sample was very high. The majority of students began using drugs at 16 years old. There was a strong association between the consumption of tobacco and the fact that at least one of the parents smoked and the exposure to smoke inside the home.

This study aimed to describe the main circumstances that tempt patients under treatment to use drugs, their relation with treatment time and current drugs use. A descriptive and correlational study was carried out with conventional non probabilistic quota sampling. The sample consisted of 61 participants. The Temptation to Use Drugs Scale revealed an internal consistency of .93. The main circumstances tempting towards drugs use were: being in places where everybody uses drugs, being with somebody who uses drugs, going to parties with friends, seeing somebody who uses and has fun with drugs. The shorter the treatment time, the greater the perception of temptations to use drugs. Those persons who mentioned they use some kind of drugs reported on higher temptation averages than those who do not use these substances. Those mentioning marihuana and other illicit substances as impact drugs demonstrated greater temptation towards drugs use.

Unlabelled: The objective of the research was to confer a distinction on knowledge, attitudes and beliefs in nurse formation, related with drugs problem. Descriptive study, Total sample 100% (n=159) from nursing pregrade Programs., Results: The attitudes and beliefs Alcohol, Drugs, Alcohol and Drugs were known, and the knowledge that students have about drugs phenomenon. It identifies the relationship between International., Conclusion: The newly nurses Central Region of Colombia, theoretical preparation about Alcohol and Drugs, they assume positive attitudes, they show weakness in practice, to perform against this problem. They understand the relation between general health, international health and them with drugs problem, because all of this, it indicates they can be a great help in their international, nationals and regional contexts.

This study deals with the teaching of contents related to alcohol use prevention and reproductive health at 4 Education Schools/Colleges in Lima-Peru. 123 persons participated: teaching authorities, faculty, students and ex-students. The instrument for data collection and prospective analysis was elaborated and validated by the Pan-American Health Organization and adapted to this study. 40 indicators were selected for reproductive health and 32 for alcohol use prevention, which were distributed into 4 basic elements: context, structure, function and comprehensiveness, each of which were submitted to three scenarios, whose situations were defined in a continuum from stability to transformation. In view of these scenario, the results indicate moderate changes to different extents in the indicators (and consequently in the two subject areas), which were present across the 4 elements, in spite of a tendency towards stability that represents the maintenance of traditional perspectives and actions.

This research aimed to identify and analyze the protection factors and risks associated with alcohol use in adolescents between 12 and 18 years old, whose parents are addicted to alcohol. This is a quantitative and exploratory study. Data were collected by means of the Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI), which to quantify and categorize substance abuse indices with respect to physical, work and family conditions; peer relations and relation with the academician. Adolescents whose parents are addicted to alcohol demonstrated and in some cases even intoxication, but without a frequent use pattern. The risks and protection factors with respect to alcohol use among adolescents are associated, to a lesser or greater extent, with the behavior of family members and friends, as well as with the social context the youngsters are inserted in.

Unlabelled: Adolescent-oriented programs indicate that the most effective interventions to prevent tobacco and alcohol consumption include social ability training. This article reports on an educational intervention aimed at strengthening protective factors, self-esteem and assertiveness, applying primary prevention channels, based on the Multi-Component Motivational Stages theoretical model and Social Learning Theory. Measurements were made before and after the intervention., Results: We verified increased self-esteem scores with Me= 63.1 at first measurement and Me= 84.38 at the end of the intervention. A significant increase in assertiveness occurred after the intervention, with Me rising from 60 to 81.2 (p< .001). Average scores for self-esteem and assertiveness were significantly higher in the experimental group when compared to the control group (p< .001).

Unlabelled: This study aims to identify risk factors associated with licit and illicit drug abuse among adolescent students in various public institutions., Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in Naguanagua, Carabobo, Venezuela and applied the Test Drug Use Screening Inventory questionnaire to an age-stratified sample, involving students between 12 and 17 years old., Results: High-risk areas associated with drugs abuse were family and mental health, while recreation, behavior and school are considered moderate risks. Peers, social abilities and drug use were identified as low-risk factors. The Total Severity Score is high, which may indicate that Venezuelan adolescents present higher risks for licit and illicit drugs abuse. At the same time, they present lower drug use rates, that is, the presence of protective factors interact with and modify the risk factors.