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Background and objectives: Hypervolemia is a major concern in dialysis patients, and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and death. Cross sectional analysis have previously demonstrated that peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are not more overhydrated when compared to haemodialysiś ones. This study was designed to evaluate longitudinal trends in hydration status and corporal composition in a PD population. Methods: We conducted a 2 year prospective observational study of 58 PD patients from a single centre. Incident and prevalent patients were included. Yearly measurements were performed using multifrequency electric bioimpedance. Overhydration (OH) was defined as an extra-cellular water (ECW)/total body water (TBW) over 15%. Clinical and biochemical variables were also explored. Results: A total of 30 patients completed evaluation (female 63.3%, mean age 56.9 years, BMI 25.0 kg/m2, diabetes 10.0%, APD-50.0%). Median PD vintage was 21.9 months, and 36.7% were anuric. At baseline 6.7% were overhydrated. On longitudinal analysis no significant changes were found in hydration status, systolic blood pressure, pro-BNP, nor albumin levels. Similar results were found among incident (n=11; APD- 45.5%; anuric- 9.1%) and prevalent (n=19; APD- 52.6%; anuric- 52.6%) patients (p>.05). However, at the second year, prevalent patients were moderately overhydrated compared to incident ones (median 10.2% vs 3.5%; p=.009). Nonetheless, no statistical difference was observed considering adequacy, TBW, or ECW. Moreover, nutritional parameters remained stable. Conclusions: Peritoneal dialysis maintenance without increasing volume status, nor major deleterious corporal composition trends, is feasible under careful therapy strategies. Longitudinal application of BIA may be a useful clinical tool to evaluate adequacy beyond Kt/V.

Introduction and objectives: Graft outcomes in pancreas transplantation have improved in recent decades, but data are mainly derived from registries or prospective single-centre studies. This large epidemiological study was undertaken to investigate the impact of clinical and demographic factors on graft and patient survival in pancreas transplant recipients in Spain, and to provide robust, country-wide, practice-based data to complement registry findings. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective, longitudinal, epidemiological study to assess risk factors impacting patient and graft survival in pancreas transplant recipients in eight centres in Spain. All patients transplanted between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2012 were included; data were collected until 31 December 2015. The Kaplan–Meier method was used for all time-to-event analyses, including patient survival, graft survival, acute rejection, and BPAR. For graft survival analysis, in cases of death with functioning graft, patients were censored without any event on the date of death. For acute rejection and BPAR, patients were censored without any event on the date of death or graft loss. Univariable and multivariable analyses (Cox proportional hazards model) were conducted to assess the association between baseline clinical and demographic characteristics and patient/graft survival. Results: Data were included for 241 (80.1%) simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants, 56 (18.6%) pancreas-after-kidney transplants and 4 (1.3%) pancreas transplants alone. Mean ± standard deviation time from diagnosis until transplantation was 26.1 ± 7.5 years. Nineteen patients died, mainly due to infections (n = 10); the remaining 282 patients (93.7%) survived from transplantation until the end of the study. Among 55 patients (18.3%) with pancreas graft loss, the main reasons were vascular thrombosis (n = 19), chronic rejection (n = 10), acute rejection (n = 6) and death with a functioning graft (n = 5). The overall rate of vascular-related death was 1.3% at 5 years post transplant. Univariable analysis showed that patient age and weight, donor age, previous kidney transplantation, previous cardiovascular events and need for insulin more than 48 h post transplantation were significantly associated with pancreas graft survival. Of these, in multivariable analyses pancreas graft survival was inferior in patients who had received a previous kidney transplant prior to pancreas transplantation (log-rank test, p = 0.0002). Glucose metabolism, renal function and cardiovascular risk factors were generally stable following transplantation. Conclusions: The results of this multicentre study highlight the excellent patient and graft outcomes following pancreas transplantation, with a notably low incidence of cardiovascular events. Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: Los resultados del injerto en el trasplante de páncreas han mejorado en las últimas décadas, pero los datos provienen principalmente de registros o estudios prospectivos unicéntricos. Este estudio epidemiológico se llevó a cabo para investigar el impacto de los factores clínicos y demográficos en la supervivencia del injerto y del paciente en receptores de trasplante de páncreas en España, y proporcionar datos sólidos, basados en la práctica a nivel nacional, para complementar los hallazgos de los registros. Pacientes y métodos: Realizamos un estudio epidemiológico longitudinal, retrospectivo, para evaluar los factores de riesgo que influyen en la supervivencia del paciente y del injerto en receptores de trasplante de páncreas en 8 centros de España. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes trasplantados entre el 1 de enero de 2008 y el 31 de diciembre de 2012; los datos se recogieron hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2015. Se utilizó el método de Kaplan-Meier para todos los análisis del tiempo transcurrido hasta el evento, incluida la supervivencia del paciente, la supervivencia del injerto, el rechazo agudo y el BPAR. Para el análisis de la supervivencia del injerto, en los casos de muerte con injerto funcionante, los pacientes fueron censurados sin ningún evento en la fecha de la muerte. Para el rechazo agudo y BPAR, los pacientes fueron censurados sin ningún evento en la fecha de la muerte o pérdida del injerto. Se realizaron análisis univariables y multivariables (modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox) para evaluar la asociación entre las características clínicas y demográficas basales y la supervivencia del paciente/injerto. Resultados: Se incluyeron datos de 241 (80,1%) trasplantes de páncreas-riñón simultáneos, 56 (18,6%) trasplantes de páncreas después de riñón y 4 (1,3%) trasplantes de páncreas aislados. El tiempo medio ± desviación estándar desde el diagnóstico hasta el trasplante fue de 26,1 ± 7,5 años. Diecinueve pacientes fallecieron, principalmente por infecciones (n = 10); los 282 pacientes restantes (93,7%) sobrevivieron desde el trasplante hasta el final del estudio. De los 55 pacientes (18,3%) con pérdida del injerto de páncreas, las principales razones fueron trombosis vascular (n = 19), rechazo crónico (n = 10), rechazo agudo (n = 6) y muerte con un injerto funcionante (n = 5). La tasa global de muerte relacionada con eventos vasculares fue del 1,3% a los 5 años del trasplante. El análisis univariable mostró que la edad y el peso del paciente, la edad del donante, el trasplante renal previo, los eventos cardiovasculares previos y la necesidad de insulina durante más de 48 h después del trasplante se asociaron significativamente con la supervivencia del injerto de páncreas. De estos, en los análisis multivariables, la supervivencia del injerto de páncreas fue inferior en los pacientes que habían recibido un trasplante de riñón previo al trasplante de páncreas (prueba de rango logarítmico, p = 0,0002). El metabolismo de la glucosa, la función renal y los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares se mantuvieron en general estables después del trasplante. Conclusiones: Los datos obtenidos de este estudio multicéntrico destacan los excelentes resultados del paciente y del injerto después del trasplante de páncreas, con una incidencia notablemente baja de eventos cardiovasculares.