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Introdução: O pectus carinatum (PC) é uma deformidade incomum da parede torácica, que geralmente surge na infância e se acentua na adolescência. Essa malformação pode levar a distúrbios estéticos e de autoestima, além de problemas respiratórios, que se devem à restrição da parede torácica. Existem poucos estudos brasileiros dedicados exclusivamente ao PC, e a maioria desses trabalhos direciona-se ao estudo do pectus excavatum (PE) ou de ambas as condições de forma conjunta. Apresentação do caso: Apresenta-se o caso de um paciente de 13 anos, masculino, que procura atendimento na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) por surgimento de tumefação em região paraesternal. Nega sintomas físicos, porém relata constrangimento e desconforto estético com a presença da proeminência. Conclusões: A abordagem multidisciplinar da deformidade torácica é fundamental na aceitação e no tratamento, tendo a APS um papel essencial Toda a equipe deve auxiliar e proporcionar, por meio do tratamento, melhor qualidade de vida estética, física e emocional ao paciente, fatores estes que nos impulsionaram a documentar este caso.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate a concomitant orthotic treatment for coexisting scoliosis and pectus deformities. No detailed study on such concomitancy was found in literature. METHODS: A spine bending brace for use day and night, and dynamic chest compressor orthoses for use four hours a day, along with one hour of exercises, were prescribed. From 638 adolescents, 25 met the inclusion criteria for a retrospective study. Two groups of patients were identified: A (15 compliant patients) and B (10 non-compliant patients). The mean follow-up was 27 months for group A and 21 months for group B. Pre and post- treatment clinical signs of scoliosis and pectus were photographically compared. The scoliosis had radiologic evaluation by Cobb angle and Nash-Moe classification for vertebral rotation. RESULTS: For both conditions, scoliosis and pectus deformities, the outcome was significantly better in the compliant group (pOBJETIVO: Investigar un tratamiento concomitante con ortesis para las escoliosis y deformidades pectus coexistentes. No se ha encontrado ningún estudio detallado sobre tal aspecto en la literatura. MÉTODOS: Se prescribió un chaleco inclinado para uso día y noche, y ortesis de compresión dinámica del tórax para utilización durante cuatro horas al día, sin ser retirados para una sesión diaria de una hora de ejercicios. De 638 adolescentes, 25 presentaron criterios de inclusión para estudio retrospectivo. Fueron identificados dos grupos de pacientes: A (15 pacientes colaboradores con el tratamiento) y B (10 pacientes no colaboradores). El tiempo de seguimiento promedio fue 27 meses para el grupo A y 21 meses para el grupo B. Los signos clínicos del pectus y de la escoliosis, pre y postratamiento, fueron comparados fotográficamente. La escoliosis fue evaluada radiográficamente mediante el ángulo de Cobb y el método de Nash-Moe para la rotación vertebral. RESULTADOS: Para ambas deformidades, escoliosis y deformidades pectus, los resultados fueron significativamente mejores en el grupo A (pOBJETIVO: Investigar o tratamento concomitante com órteses para as escolioses e deformidades pectus coexistentes. Nenhum estudo detalhado sobre tal aspecto foi encontrado na literatura. MÉTODOS: Um colete inclinado para uso diuturno e órteses de compressão dinâmica do tórax para uso durante quatro horas diárias, sem serem retiradas para uma série diária de exercícios por uma hora, foram prescritas. De 638 adolescentes, 25 apresentaram critérios de inclusão para estudo retrospectivo. Foram identificados dois grupos de pacientes: A (15 pacientes colaboradores com o tratamento) e B (10 pacientes não-colaboradores). O tempo de seguimento médio foi de 27 meses para o grupo A e de 21 meses para o grupo B. Os sinais clínicos do pectus e da escoliose pré e pós-tratamento foram comparados fotograficamente. A escoliose foi avaliada radiograficamente através do ângulo de Cobb e do método de Nash-Moe para a rotação vertebral. RESULTADOS: Para ambos, escoliose e deformidades pectus, os resultados foram significativamente melhores no grupo A (p < 0.001 em ambas). Uma adolescente altamente colaboradora, com escoliose de 52º e pectus carinatum, apresentou melhora surpreendente para 27º após 40 meses de tratamento, quando o uso das órteses torácicas foi interrompido e o desmame do colete para escoliose foi iniciado. Uma curva de 34º manteve-se após 60 meses de acompanhamento, com melhora da rotação vertebral. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento ortótico concomitante mostrou resultados preliminares positivos para pacientes colaboradores, sugerindo continuidade de investigação.

Objetivo: Analizar las características clínicas, indicación para realizar la intervención y los resultados de la cirugía de pacientes con deformidades de la pared torácica. Métodos: Con el fin de obtener la información, se analizaron 32 expedientes clínicos que pudieron ser ubicados y la información incluida en la base de datos del Servicio de otros 13 pacientes operados en el servicio de Cirugía de Tórax del Hospital Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia por Pectus Excavatum o Pectus Carinatum, desde enero de 1998 a enero del 2010. Resultados: Se encontraron 29 pacientes operados por Pectus Excavatum y 16 por Pectus Carinatum, de los cuales 37 fueron varones y 8 mujeres. La edad osciló entre 13 y 24 años con un promedio de 16 años. En 28 pacientes la única indicación para la cirugía fue la afección sicológica causada por la deformidad y en 17 se presentó además algún síntoma como disnea con el ejercicio, dolor torácico o palpitaciones. En 26 de los 29 pacientes operados por Pectus Excavatum se utilizó una barra de metal para mantener el esternón reducido en posición normal mientras se consolidaba, retirándola a los seis meses y en los últimos tres la reducción se efectuó con una malla de polipropileno que funcionó igual, pero con la ventaja que no requiere reintervención para retirarla. Los resultados se evaluaron en forma subjetiva de acuerdo a la satisfacción manifestada por el paciente y a la nota del médico; encontrando en un caso de Pectus Excavatum recidiva de la deformidad pero no de los síntomas. Los otros 44 manifestaron desaparición de los síntomas en los casos sintomáticos y mejoría estética de la deformidad, pero en cuatro casos se produjo cicatriz queloide. Un paciente operado por Pectus Excavatum presentó a los cinco meses, una complicación al desplazarse la barra y causar un hemotórax que requirió la colocación de una sonda de tórax para evacuarlo. En 10 pacientes se debió colocar sonda de tórax por neumotórax trans- operatorio. No se documentaron otras complicaciones. Conclusiones: Las deformidades del Pectus Excavatum y Pectus Carinatum que presentan síntomas restrictivos o afección sicológica por la deformidad estética, se pueden reparar con baja morbilidad y salvo los casos que desarrollan cicatriz queloide, resultados estéticos muy aceptables. La técnica de utilizar una malla en lugar de la barra de metal, funciona igual con el beneficio de que se evitan las potenciales complicaciones por el desplazamiento del metal y no requiere la reintervención para retirarla.Aim: To analyze the clinical data, the indications and results for the surgical reconstruction of the chest wall deformities. Methods: With the purpose of assessing the information, clinical data of 45 patients treated with surgical procedures for Pectus Excavatum (PE) and Pectus Carinatutm (PC) in the Thoracic Surgery Department of the Hospital Calderón Guardia during the period of January 1998 to January 2010, was analyzed. Results: During this period 29 patients were surgically treated for PE and 16 for Pectus Carinatum, 37 male and 8 female. Ages started from 13 to 24 with a median of 16 years. In 28 patients the surgical indication was the emotional stress caused by the deformity, 17 had in addition to that, symptoms like dyspnea during exercise, chest pain or palpitations. In 26 of the 29 patients operated for PE a metal bar was utilized to hold the sternum in position and removed 6 months later and in the last 3 patients a polypropylene mesh was used with the same function with no need of reintervention to remove it. The results were subjectively evaluated according to the patient’s satisfaction and the medical notes. In one patient with PE the deformity recurred but not the symptoms. In forty four patients the symptoms disappeared and there was a cosmetic satisfaction but 3 developed hypertrophic scars. One patient, five months after the surgery, had a dislodged sternal bar and hemothorax needing a chest tube for evacuation and removal of the bar. Ten patients had a chest tube for opening of the pleura during the surgical procedure. There were not deaths and no other complications were documented. Conclusion: Surgery for correction of the PE and PC deformities with physiologic alterations and cosmetic patient suffering could be performed with low morbidity and good cosmetic results, except for the patients who develop hypertrophic scars. A polypropylene mesh substitutes the metal bar and does not need a reitervention to be removed.

Introducción: las deformidades congénitas más frecuentes de la pared torácica son pectus excavatum (TI), pectus carinatum (TQ) y esternón hendido, cuyo tratamiento es quirúrgico. Objetivo: describir la técnica de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva para la corrección de los dos primeros defectos y la experiencia en el Hospital Infantil Universitario de San José Bogotá DC, de 2008 a 2011. Materiales y métodos: reporte de nueve pacientes con pectus carinatum y pectus excavatum, evaluación prequirúrgica, intervención quirúrgica y valoración postquirúrgica, analizando los resultados funcionales y estéticos, con seguimiento de doce meses. Resultados: edad promedio 10.8 años (DE: 1,2 años), cinco hombres, cuatro mujeres; seis pectus excavatum y tres pectus carinatum. En promedio el índice de Haller fue 3,75 (DE: 0,5), el tiempo operatorio 173 minutos (DE: 51,9 mio) y la estancia hospitalaria cinco días (DE: 3,6). Hubo una complicación: (desplazamiento de la barra) y en el seguimiento los pacientes estuvieron asintomáticos y satisfechos con el tratamiento. Conclusiones: la experiencia muestra reducción del tiempo operatorio y de la estancia hospitalaria, con complicaciones menores y resultados clínicopsicológicos satisfactorios. Abreviaturas: PC,pectus carinatum; PE, pectus excavatum; IH, índice de Haller.

Background and Objectives: Advances in the field of three-dimensional scanning have enabled the development of instruments that can generate images that are useful in medicine. On the other hand, satisfaction studies are becoming increasingly important in the evaluation of quality in healthcare. We aimed to evaluate patients' and professionals' satisfaction with the use of a three-dimensional scanner applied to chest wall malformations., Material and Methods: In the framework of a study to validate the results of three-dimensional scanning technology, we developed questionnaires to measure satisfaction among patients and professionals. We analyzed the results with descriptive statistics., Results: We included 42 patients and 10 professionals. Patients rated the speed and harmlessness positively; the mean overall level of satisfaction was 4.71 on a scale from 1 to 5. Among professionals, the level of satisfaction was lower, especially with regards to the treatment of the image; the mean overall level of satisfaction was 3.1., Conclusions: Patients rated 3D scanning technology highly, but professionals were less satisfied due to the difficulty of treating the images and lack of familiarity with the system. For this technology to reach its maximum potential, it must be simplified and more widely disseminated., (Copyright © 2019 SERAM. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Numerous publications have emerged on the application of erector spinae plane block in adult population. There are few reports of the use of this block in pediatric patients. The objective is to report 2 cases of adolescents, one diagnosed with pectus excavatum and the other one with pectus carinatum undergoing reconstructive surgery in which a bilateral single-shot erector spinae plane block was performed as an analgesic technique. The block was performed before surgery under general anesthesia in lateral decubitus position, guided by ultrasound using 20ml of 0.25% bupivacaine per side. After the surgery they were extubated and transferred to the Intensive Care Unit. During their postoperative period they had visual analogic scale values less than 4 and no long term narcotics were used during the intraoperative and postoperative period. Bilateral single shot erector spinae plane block was effective as an analgesic technique for the intraoperative and postoperative period in pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum surgery in adolescents., (Copyright © 2018 Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To report our experience in the treatment of pectus carinatum by using the dynamic compression system., Material and Methods: Retrospective study during the period from January 2005 to September 2017. Patients with typical condrogladiolar pectus carinatum and correction pressure (PC) ≤ 14 PSI (pound square inch) were included. Exclusion criteria: patients with previous thoracic surgery, mixed malformations and chondromanubrial pectus carinatum. For the treatment, the Dynamic Thoracic Compressor System (FMF) with pressure meter in PSI was used. The PC, the treatment pressure (PT), the correction time (TC) and the maintenance time (TM), recurrences and complications were analyzed. A qualitative scale was measured in three grades: where A is excellent or very good, B is regular and C is bad., Results: We treated 104 patients under 18 years of age. The PT was 2.26. The average of the TC was 8.8 months. The TM was on average 8 months. 36.5% of the patients finished the treatment, 36.5% still continue in treatment and 26.9% of the patients lost the follow-up due to desertion. The qualitative assessment was positive in 95.5% of our patients, and unfavourable in 4.5%., Conclusion: The non-surgical treatment of pectus carinatum is efficient, non-invasive and of low morbidity. Regarding the high dropout rate, we must analyze the variables to be modified to reduce it. This treatment should be considered as the first option to correct pectus carinatum in patients with flexible thorax.

Introduction: Pectus excavatum (PE) and carinatum (PC) are common in Marfan syndrome (SM) and similar syndromes (SS). Patients can evolve without symptoms. In some there is depression, social adjustment disorders, pulmonary and cardiovascular symptoms in which there is controversy about their relationship with the structural damage of the thorax., Objective: To assess the prevalence of the type of thoracic deformity in patients with MS and SS in a historical and current cohort and to analyze the clinical, pulmonary and cardiovascular impact., Method: Prospective study. Subjects who met the Ghent criteria and who had a complete clinical record, an echocardiogram and/or magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and respiratory function tests were included., Results: Of a total of 338 patients with MS and SS, 112 cases with thoracic deformity were detected, the prevalence of PE and PC in SM 13.6 and 12.4, respectively, was lower in SS. There is compression and displacement of lung and right cardiac cavities by PE and the correlation between the Haller Index and the increased PASP is 44 (p = 0.009)., Conclusions: The prevalence of PE and PC in SM and SS is high, which impacts on lung function and cardiovascular damage, requires corrective management of the thoracic deformity and not only implies for aesthetic purposes., (Copyright: © 2018 SecretarÍa de Salud.)

Introduction: Dynamic compression system is the elective treatment for chondrogladiolar pectus carinatum. Nevertheless, its high cost poses a problem for its prescription in places where it is not subsidized. This article analyzes the experience of the Paediatric Plastic Surgery Service at a third grade hospital in the treatment of this deformity with a static compression system., Materials and Methods: The study presents a descriptive, retrospective analysis of 30 patients with pectus carinatum treated with a static compression system. Furthermore, we describe the protocol of treatment used at our unit, and we analyse the satisfaction with bracing therapy, and its relation to therapeutic compliance., Results: The study includes 28 boys and 2 girls. 93% of the patients presented a chondrogladiolar pectus carinatum. At the moment of finishing the study, 11 patients have completed the treatment, 14 still bracing, and 5 were lost in the follow-up. Satisfaction questionnaires were answered by 19 patients., Conclusion: Bracing therapy with static compression system is the treatment of choice for chondrogladiolar pectus carinatum in our unit, because of its effectiveness and lower price. Quality of life questionnaires show better marks in patients that are in the second phase of treatment.