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Background and Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased the global burden of respiratory morbidity and mortality. In Spain, 2020 saw a 68.5% surge in deaths from respiratory diseases compared to 2019, largely due to COVID-19. This study aims to describe respiratory disease mortality in Spain from 2019 to 2022, focusing on the intersection of COVID-19, pre-existing respiratory conditions, and specific health determinants., Materials and Methods: We analyzed mortality data from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics (INE), covering 102 causes of death, including tuberculosis, COVID-19, and lung cancer as respiratory-related conditions. The analysis considered absolute death counts and proportions by sex, age, and region, along with percentage changes in proportional mortality. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors potentially associated with COVID-19 and respiratory-specific mortality., Results: In 2022, Spain reported 98,128 deaths from respiratory diseases, accounting for 21.1% of all deaths and ranking as the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. Although deaths due to COVID-19 decreased in 2021 and 2022, there was a notable rise in other respiratory causes, indicating a lasting post-pandemic impact. Factors linked to higher mortality included male gender, older age, being divorced, and residing in urban areas, with significant regional variability., Conclusions: Despite overall mortality returning to pre-pandemic levels, this study highlights a significant increase in respiratory disease deaths in Spain in 2022 compared to 2019., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact in population health worldwide, and particularly in people with pre-existing chronic diseases. Early risk identification and stratification is essential to reduce the impact of future outbreaks of pandemic potential. This study aimed to comprehensively examine factors associated with COVID-19 mortality across the pandemic waves in Spain., Methods: A retrospective study analyzed the characteristics of 13,974 patients admitted to Spanish hospitals due to SARS-CoV-2 infection from 2020-01-28 to 2022-12-31. The demographic and clinical features of patients during hospitalization on each pandemic waves were analyzed., Main Findings: The findings highlight the heterogeneity of patient characteristics, comorbidities and outcomes, across the waves. The high prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases (53.9%) among COVID-19 patients emphasizes the importance of controlling these risk factors to prevent severe COVID-19 outcomes., Conclusions: In summary, the study associate hospital mortality with factors such as advanced age and comorbidities. The decline in mortality after the 4th wave indicates potential influences like vaccination, viral adaptation, or improved treatments. Notably, dementia and cancer metastases emerge as critical factors linked to higher mortality, highlighting the importance of addressing these conditions in COVID-19 management and preparing for future challenges., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Background: Physical inactivity remains a public health problem worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine compliance with physical activity (PA) recommendations developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and to analyze the association with different cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants in a sample of Spanish workers., Methods: A cross sectional analysis was carried out in a sample of 2.651 individuals (2.428 men and 133 women, aged 40-55 years old) from the Aragon Workers' Health Study (AWHS). Sample was divided into two groups depending on whether they met PA recommendations during the last year, including transportation, leisure and occupational PA. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical, pharmacological and lifestyle data were collected during the years 2011-2014. Median and interquartile range for quantitative variables and frequency distribution for categorical variables were used. Crude and adjusted binary logistic regression models were carried out to study the likelihood of meeting with PA recommendations based on the number of CVRF (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity and smoking) present., Results: 47.0% of workers complied with WHO recommendations for PA. Lower prevalence of compliance was found among those participants presenting some CVRF (39.7% in hypertensive, 38.7% in dyslipidemic and 32.7% in diabetic). Of the total study sample, 51.3% reported not performing PA or practice a light PA, 20.2% moderate and 28.5% vigorous or very vigorous PA. The likelihood of compliance with PA recommendations decreased with increasing the number of CVRF: 1 CVRF (OR: 0.62; 95%IC: 0.49-0.78), 2 CVRF (OR: 0.49; 95% IC: 0.38-0.62), 3 CVRF (OR: 0.34; 95% IC: 0.25-0.46), 4 CVRF (OR: 0.19; 95% IC: 0.11-0.32)., Conclusions: Compliance with recommendations of PA in our population remains insufficient, moreover in those with increased cardiovascular risk.