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In this essay, I tried to articulate, from an ethical position, the way in which death must be treated, both in researches and in different health situations. The main thesis defended is that death must be treated in an ethical way that as such, it takes human dignity as the main reason. Dignity, in a general sense, is understood as the condition of a human being implied within Kan's maxim: "The man cannot be taken as a mean but as an end itself. In this sense, every human action must take into account the moral responsibility of the one doing the action independently of practical or utilitarian purposes. This presentation is divided into three parts: a general sketch of the notions of ethics related to death and of the role of health research; a relation between ethics and death in the light of human dignity notion, and finally, a sketch of the role that ethics play when investigating about death.En este ensayo intenta articular desde una postura ética, la manera en que debe ser tratada la muerte tanto en la investigación como en las diferentes instituciones de salud. La tesis principal que aquí se defiende es que la manera más adecuada para tratar la muerte es asumir una postura ética que como tal, considere primordial la dimensión de la dignidad humana. Por dignidad, en un sentido general, se entiende la condición del ser humano que se infiere a partir de la máxima kantiana: "El hombre no puede ser tomado como un medio sino como un fin en sí mismo". En este sentido, todo actuar humano debe considerar el deber moral de quien realiza la acción, independientemente de fines prácticos o utilitaristas. La presentación se divide en tres partes: un esbozo general de las nociones de la ética, de la muerte y del papel de la investigación en salud; una articulación de la relación entre la ética y la muerte a la luz de la noción de dignidad humana; y por último, un esbozo del papel que juega la ética en las investigaciones acerca de la muerte.

Con el fin de evaluar el MRS-S (Sorbato al 0.10%) en el aislamiento de bacterias lácticas se cultivaron muestras de leche de cabra cruda en MRS-S y PCA en profundidad y se incubaron en aerobiósis a 320C durante 48 horas. Los cocos gram positivos, catalasa negativos que crecieron en MRS-S se aislaron y sometieron a caracterización preliminar a través del crecimiento en agar MRS-S, MRS-T (tetraciclina 0.20 µg/ml), N-L (bacterias aromáticas), reducción de la leche tornasolada a 40 y 21oC y crecimiento a 45 y 10oC.Las cepas seleccionadas se sometieron a caracterización fisiológica y Bioquímica. El medio MRS-S mostró ser efectivo con un porcentaje de inhibición de la flora indeseable del 86.56%, y adecuado por el aislamiento de Lactococcus. De acuerdo con los perfiles taxonómicos se consiguió aislar de un total de 156 colonias dos Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis y un Lactococcus lactis biovar diacetilactis.With the objective of evaluating the MRS-S (0.10% of sorbate) in the isolation of lactic bacteria samples of raw goat milk were cultivated in MRS-S and PCA in deep and incubated in aerobic conditions for 48 hours al 32oC. Gram positive coccus, negative catalase which grew in MRS-S were isolated and preliminarly characterized through the growing process in agar MRS-S, MRS-T (O.20ltg/ml tetracycline), N-L (aromatic bacteria), litmus milk reduction at 40 and 210C and growing at 45 and 10oC. Selected strains were subject to the physiological and biochemical characterization. MRS-S media showed to be effective with an 86.56% of inhibition for indesirable bacteria and adequated for Lactococcus isolation. Related to taxonomic profiles from 156 colonies were isolated two lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and one Lactococcus luctis biovar diacetilactis.

Se molieron el proventrículo y la mezcla de proventrículo más intestino y se sometieron a tres condiciones microambientales (fuente enzimática, acidulante y antioxidante) y a tres condiciones macroambientales: tiempo de almacenamiento (35, 70 Y 105 días), temperatura de almacenamiento (4,25 Y 35°C) y temperatura del substrato (35 y 45°C). Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con dos repeticiones por tratamiento empleando un estándar de pepsina de cerdo con actividad enzimática conocida. Las variables de respuesta evaluadas fueron: actividad enzimática (en segundos), poder o fuerza de coagulación (mi de leche por gramo de enzima) y rendimiento quesero (o/o). El análisis de varianza fue significativo al 1%, obteniéndose los mejores resultados con la mezcla proventrículos más intestino adicionado de H CI y antioxidante 35 días, almacenado a 4°C y 45°C de temperatura del substrato. Los análisis microbiológicos fueron negativos para la presencia de Salmonella y Clostridium. Los rendimientos queseros fueron mayores en las muestras experimentales.Utilization of chicken pepsine as milk coagulant. Ground of proventricle and proventricle more gut mix were subjected three rnicroenvironrnents conditions (enzimatic source, acidulant and antioxidating) under macroenvironments conditions: storing time (35, 70 and 105 days), storing temperature (4, 25 and 35°C) and substrate temperature (35 and 45°C). Absolutely aleatory design with two replications by treatment was used employing a pig pepsine standard with enzimatic activity known, responses variables evaluated were enzymatic activiry (seconds) coagulation power or force (ml milk by enzimegram) and cheese yield (o/o). Variance analysis was significant at 1 % obtaining better results mixing proventricle more gut added with H CI and antroxidating when its enzimatic activity was measured to 35 days, with 4°C storing temperature and 45°C substrate temperature. Microbiogical analysis were negative tor SaImonella and Chlostridium. Cheese yield were greater in experimental samples.

Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are rare, undiagnosed and potentially fatal diseases. Clinical manifestations of PID can be fatal or leave sequelae that worsen the quality of life of patients. Traditionally, the treatment of PIDs has been largely supportive, with the exception of bone marrow transplantation and, more recently, gene therapy. The discovering of new affected pathways, the development of new molecules and biologics, and the increasing understanding of the molecular basis of these disorders have created opportunities in PIDs therapy. This document aims to review current knowledge and to provide recommendations about the diagnosis and clinical management of adults and children with PIDs based on the available scientific evidence taking in to account current practice and future challenges. A systematic review was conducted, and evidence levels based on the available literature are given for each recommendation where available., (Copyright © 2020 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology and Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: In 1998, the Europe Region of the World Health Organization set the goal of eliminating measles. In this study, the prevalence of immunity against measles virus in the population of the health area of Santiago de Compostela was analyzed based on data obtained between 2008-2018., Methods: A total of 7,150 different patients were studied and divided into groups according to their year of birth: 2010-2017, 2000-2009, 1990-1999, 1980-1989, 1953-1979 and <1953. The serum determination of IgG against measles virus was performed using a commercialized chemiluminescent immunoassay., Results: A minimum (76%) was observed for measles virus protection rates in those born between 1990-1999. By age group it was seen that in all groups the women presented a higher percentage of antibodies against measles. In a logistic regression model with year of birth and sex, an odds ratio of 1.06 (p<0.001) was obtained for the year of birth and of 0.82 (p=0.0013) for sex., Conclusions: It was observed lower seroprevalences from the implantation of the vaccine and a more pronounced change during the implantation period. From the vaccination plan for measles of the year 2000 in Galicia, the rates of protection against the virus of the measles have been increasing in our area. Although there is a greater proportion of women protected against men, these differences are small., (©The Author 2020. Published by Sociedad Española de Quimioterapia. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).)

Objective: In Spain, the age and sex to which the primary infection by EBV is produced is poorly studied. The objective of this work is to know its relation with the presence of the primary infection by EBV between the years 2006 and 2015 in our health area., Methods: From the Santiago de Compostela health area between 2006 and 2015, 578 patients with serological patterns of EBV primoinfection were selected. This patients presented serological results of IgM-VCA positive, IgG-VCA positive and EBNA negative., Results: We found 260/578 (45%) adolescents (11- 19 years). In the number of cases by age the maximum was observed, at 2 and 16 years. Between 14-19 years, 62% (79/127) of women between 14-16 years of age, median age 15.8 years (IQ: 14.8-16.4) compared to 48% (49/102) of men, median age 16 years (IQ: 15.7-16.6) (p = 0.032, p = 0.02, respectively)., Conclusions: As in our study, in the developed countries the majority of primary infections by EBV occur in adolescence and a bimodal distribution is observed in relation to age. During adolescence women acquire before men the first infection by EBV.

Fracture and migration of the tracheotomy tube in the tracheobronchial tree is an uncommon complication of tracheotomy. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are essential because of the potential risk of fatal respiratory obstruction. Diagnosis should be suspected in all tracheotomized children undergoing breathing difficulties. It is confirmed by chest x-ray and endoscopic examination. The recommended treatment includes the endoscopic removal of the aspirated cannula through the tracheal stoma. We describe the clinical presentation and the management of a broken tracheotomy tube which was presented as a foreign body in the airway of a 18-month-old child. Recommendations for tracheostomy care are listed.

Invasive fungal infection in critically ill children is associated with significant morbimortality. However, there is limited information on the behavior of infections by Candida spp. in this population, since on the one hand, very few clinical trials on antifungal efficacy have been published to date, and on the other hand most of these trials were performed on children with fever and neutropenia, and in neonates with invasive candidiasis. As a result, there are very few reviews on critically ill patients outside the neonatal stage. We therefore recommend reviewing international literature, national experience and work groups in a number of countrywide third-level pediatric hospitals., (Copyright 2008 Prous Science, S.A.U. or its licensors. All rights reserved.)

Pulmonary toxicity is an infrequent but serious adverse event in patients treated with amiodarone. The main problem at present is that we lack the necessary tools to detect this event or predict which patients will develop pulmonary toxicity. Serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) has been previously recognized as a marker for the activity of diffuse interstitial lung disease. We describe a patient with pulmonary toxicity due to amiodarone with increased blood levels of this new marker, and discuss the clinical usefulness of this new diagnostic tool.

Objective: The presentation of four clinical cases of chancroid confirmed by means of a culture for Haemophiullus Ducrey and the checking of its clinical and epidemiological characteristics., Setting: Dermatology Clinic at the "V Centenario" Health Centre, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid., Patients and Other Participants: Four clinical cases collected between 1988 and 1992. They were characterised by the very painful ulcers on the penis which appeared from 10 to 15 days after possible infection. Two of them had been previously treated with penicillin but showed no improvement., Measurement and Main Results: Clinical records were consulted and the diagnosis was confirmed by means of microbiological culture. Analyses including VDRL and HIV serologies were performed. All the patients were male: the location was the balanopreputial furrow. In two cases the lesion and the secondary adenopathy were single. In the four the general analysis was normal and serology for syphilis negative. Two were HIV positive. All were cured with a single dose of Ceftriaxon., Conclusions: Even though the chancroid is not common in our field, it must be identifiable so that a proper differential diagnosis of all genital ulcers can be made, with confirmation by means of a culture in a specific medium. The present first line treatment should be in reach of the Public Health System's family doctors and be initiated at once, given that genital ulcers are a risk factor in HIV transmission. Additionally these patients' HIV antibodies should be studied.