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In viticulture, early-season estimation of average number of grape bunches per vine is crucial for vineyard planning, investments and marketing (Laurent et al., 2021). Although sampling is widely carried out to estimate grape bunches per vine, there is no clearly established sampling protocol that can be used as a reference when performing these estimations. Each practitioner therefore has their own sampling protocol. In this work, the effect of differences between sampling protocols in terms of estimation errors were investigated to give some recommendations on the best possible sampling practices.

Estimating vineyard crop yield is important for preparing harvesting operations and vatting. Estimations are generally carried out by sampling shortly before harvest and observations are made on a limited number of sampling sites. The sampling process has obvious practical constraints, such as the time allocated to the operation, which determines both the number of sites to be sampled and the route to reach them.

The emergence of scientific and technological advances contributed an important variety of resources to medicine; this allowed health professionals to improve the quality of care, in terms of diagnostic and therapy. But on the other hand, on occasions their use rebounded unfavorably in the patienthealth team relationship. The present work has the objective of retrospectively evaluating the implementation of new technologies and their impact on this relationship, reflecting from the perspective of bioethics, the responsibility that attributed to them in the de-humanization of medicine process.

OBJETIVO: avaliar o padrão de resposta de disléxicos em uma tarefa de nomeação de figuras por escrita, por meio da análise dos tipos de erros ortográficos cometidos. MÉTODOS: o desempenho de um grupo de 15 disléxicos foi comparado ao de dois grupos controles, pareados por idade e por nível de leitura. RESULTADOS: os grupos dislexia e controle por leitura não diferiram quanto ao número de acertos, mas ambos acertaram menos que o grupo controle por idade. Com relação aos tipos de erros, foram observadas diferenças significantes com maior número de erros entre disléxicos para erros de correspondência unívoca grafema-fonema, omissão de segmentos e correspondência fonema-grafema independente de regras. CONCLUSÃO: conclui-se que a análise dos erros ortográficos é útil para a compreensão das estratégias utilizadas e dos processos lingüísticos subjacentes às dificuldades de escrita em indivíduos com dislexia.PURPOSE: to evaluate the response pattern of dyslexic subjects in the written version of a picture naming task, by analyzing the types of orthographic errors committed. METHODS: the performance of a group of 15 dyslexics was compared to two control groups matched by age and by reading level. RESULTS: the dyslexic and the reading control groups did not differ on the number of submitted errors, but both committed more errors than the age control group. Regarding the types of orthographic errors submitted, the most frequent errors within the dyslexic individuals were: errors of univocal grapheme-phoneme correspondence, omission of segments and phoneme-grapheme correspondence regardless of any rule. CONCLUSION: it is concluded that analyzing orthographic errors is useful for understanding the used strategies and the linguistic processes underlying the writing difficulties in dyslexic subjects.