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Context: Stem cell research has become popular in Indonesia for more than a decade. The scope of research involves in vitro to animal studies as well as human trials. However, no evidence proved its trend. Aims: To analyze the trends and patterns of stem cell research in Indonesia from 2003 to 2022 using a bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database. Methods: The data for the paper were retrieved from Scopus and then analyzed using bibliometrics. Statistical data analysis was performed. Results: The results showed that stem cell research in Indonesia has been increasing steadily over the years, with the majority of publications focusing on “Medicine”, “Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology” and “Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmaceutics”. It was found that a total of 260 related articles had been published. Rantam was identified as the most productive author, and the authorship network analysis identified nine clusters of authors. The keywords “stem cells”, “culture”, “proliferation”, “differentiation”, and “tissue engineering” were the most frequently used in the publications analyzed. Conclusions: Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the development of stem cell research in Indonesia and may inform future research and funding decisions in this field.

Context: Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is used in traditional medicine as an antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. Aims: To determine the molecular mechanism and potential of garciniaxanthone derivate compounds from G. mangostana as SARS-CoV-2 antiviral and prevent cytokine storm through in silico approach. Methods: Ligand and protein samples were obtained from databases such as PubChem and Protein Databank, then drug-likeness analysis using Lipinski, Ghose, Veber, Egan, and Muege rules on SwissADME server, prediction of antiviral probability through PASSOnline server. Furthermore, molecular docking simulation with PyRx v1.0 software (Scripps Research, USA) with an academic license, identification of interactions and chemical bond positions of ligands on the target by PoseView server, 3D visualization of PyMOLv.2.5.2 software (Schrödinger, Inc., USA) with an academic license, molecular dynamics simulation for molecular stability prediction by CABS-flex v2.0 server, target prediction of antiviral candidate compounds by SwissTargetPrediction server, pathway analysis through STRING v11.5 database, and toxicity by ProTox-II server were used. Results: Garciniaxanthone C from G. mangostana was found to be a drug-like molecule with low toxicity. This can be a candidate for SARS-Cov-2 antiviral through inhibitor activity on two viral enzymes consisting of Mpro and replicase with a binding affinity value that is more negative than other garciniaxanthone derivates and is stable. Garciniaxanthone C is predicted to bind and inhibit pro-inflammatory proteins that trigger cytokine storms, such as NFKB1 and PTGS2. Conclusions: Garciniaxanthone derivative compounds from G. mangostana may be candidates for SARS-CoV-2 antiviral and preventing cytokine storm through garciniaxanthone C activity.

Context: The COVID-19 outbreak is caused by the transmission and infection of SARS-CoV-2 at the end of 2019. It has led many countries to implement lockdown policies to prevent the viral spreading. Problems arise in a COVID-19 patient because of viral infection that leads to a systemic response in the immune system, specifically due to cytokine storm. Moreover, the antiviral drugs that have not been found. Indonesia had a variety of traditional medicines, such as is ‘jamu’. It consists of a mixture of natural ingredients such as Moringa oleifera Lam. and Curcuma longa L. Aims: To identify the activity of dual inhibitors as antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents from herbal combination compounds. Methods: Sample was collected from PubChem (NCBI, USA) and Protein Data Bank (PDB), then drug-likeness analysis using Lipinski rule of five in SCFBIO web server and bioactive probability analysis of bioactive compounds were conducted by PASS web server. Furthermore, the blind docking method was performed using PyRx 0.8 software to determine the binding activity and molecular interaction by PoseView web server and PyMol software v2.4.1 (Schrödinger, Inc, USA). Results: Cryptochlorogenic acid and curcumin have been computationally proven as dual inhibitors for antivirals by inhibiting Mpro SARS-CoV-2 and as anti-inflammatory through inhibition of NFKB1 activity. However, the results are merely computational so that it must be validated through a wet lab research. Conclusions: The combination of Moringa oleifera Lam. and Curcuma longa L. is predicted to have antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity through dual inhibitor mechanism played by cryptochlorogenic acid and curcumin.

Context: The most common biomaterial used for dental implants is titanium. However, the release of metal ions and the risk of allergic reactions to metals that may occur in some patients cannot be avoided. Hydroxyapatite-polymethylmethacrylate (HA-PMMA) composite biomaterials are proposed to have potential as dental implant biomaterials due to their mechanical, chemical, and biological properties. HA-PMMA may induce osseointegration, biocompatible, less allergic reactions, and no metal ions released. In addition, HA-PMMA can be obtained from Indonesia’s abundant natural resources. Aims: To explore HA-PMMA composites through molecular docking as a biomaterial candidate for dental implants in silico. Methods: Structure data format (sdf), molecular weight, and identity number (CID) of HA-PMMA ligand samples were obtained from PubChem database and minimized through OpenBabel. 3D structure, selection method, resolution, atom count, weight, sequence length, and ID protein BMP2, BMP4, BMP7, alkaline phosphatase (AP), osteonectin, osteopontin, and osteocalcin on RCSB-PDB native ligand and water sterilization on PyMol were carried out with the aim of to maximize the formation of binding affinity during molecular docking simulations. Results: HA-PMMA composites can enhance the activity of proteins associated with osseointegration such as BMP-2/4/7, AP, osteocalcin, osteonectin, and osteopontin in silico. HA-PMMA composites have the strongest binding to osteonectin and are predicted to enhance the AP activity in silico. Conclusions: HA-PMMA composites are potential candidates for dental implant biomaterials with the osteointegration ability through binding with BMP-2/4/7, AP, osteocalcin, osteonectin, and osteopontin in silico.

Context: Lung cancer is a type of cancer that causes the most deaths worldwide. The most common type of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Sea urchin (Arbacia lixula) has high potential as an anti-NSCLC agent. Aims: To analyze the anticancer activity of peptides from A. lixula coelomic fluid in inhibiting the activity of NSCLC-related proteins. Methods: Peptide modeling was performed using the PEP-FOLD3 web server. Proteins that have a crucial role in NSCLC progression were determined using KEGG pathway database. 3D protein structures such as EGFR, PI3K, BRAF V600E, and JAK3 were taken from the RCSB PDB database. Docking was performed using Autodock Vina software. Docking results analysis was carried out using Discovery Studio 2019 software. Results: Some peptides bind to the active sites with low binding affinity. Peptide 10 binds to the active site of the EGFR with a binding affinity of -9 kcal/mol. Peptide 5 binds to the active sites of PI3K and BRAF V600E with binding affinity of -8.2 and -8.1 kcal/mol, respectively. Peptide 11 binds to the active site of JAK3 with a binding affinity of -8.1 kcal/mol. All of these peptides have lower binding affinity than ATP as the native ligand. Besides, these peptides also produce more hydrogen bonds than ATP, so they are predicted to be more stable. Conclusions: Peptides 10, 5, and 11 have high potential as anti-NSCLC agents because they can inhibit the activity of proteins that play an essential role in the growth of NSCLC, namely EGFR, PI3K, BRAF V600E, and JAK3 through the competitive ATP inhibitor mechanism.

Context: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antiretrovirals that target the binding of viral enzyme are chosen as the lead solution in the treatment of HIV-1 infection, such as non-catalytic site integrase inhibitor (NCINI), nevirapine, and darunavir. There are natural compounds from specific plants that can be effective in treating HIV-1 infection such as tea catechin. Tea catechin administration causes a decrease in viral load and inhibition of entry mechanisms and an increased effect of apoptosis in infected cells. Aims: To identify the triple inhibitor mechanism in tea catechins against the three HIV-1 enzymes and apoptosis agonists through in silico approach as an innovation in handling HIV-1 infection. Methods: The 3D structure of tea catechin compounds from the database was examined, and then all target compounds were analyzed for drug-likeness, molecular docking, pathway prediction, and molecular interactions to determine the potential of tea catechin compounds as antiviral HIV-1 in silico. Results: Tea catechin compounds have the potential to serve as antiviral against HIV-1 through apoptosis agonist and triple inhibitor mechanisms. Apoptosis occurs due to the interaction of tea catechins with pro-apoptotic proteins in cells, and the epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) compound is a class of tea catechins with the same binding position as control. Conclusions: The binding of the EGCG molecule complex results in low binding energy. Therefore, it allows EGCG acts as a triple inhibitor in HIV-1 infection.