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This article analyzes the profile of access to genetic heritage and patenting at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), based on the context of transition between Provisional Measure no. 2,186-16/2001 and Act no. 13,123/2015. In this perspective, the methodological approach is the case study. According to this research, the UFMG predominantly uses samples of the Brazilian genetic heritage from fauna, flora, and microorganisms and patents more inventions derived from access to the genetic heritage in the period after Act no. 13,123/2015. In conclusion, the university tends to direct its accesses to peculiar components of Brazilian biodiversity. Furthermore, these accesses generate specific inventions, which have relevant commercial capacity. Finally, with the enactment of Act no. 13,123/2015, the calls from the academic community for the creation of this new juridical system interfered with the scenario of research that focuses on Brazilian biodiversity.