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Childhood Education classrooms in the Basque Autonomous Community. For this purpose, a questionnaire was sent to 178 teachers and students of Early Childhood Education Degree. The results indicate that in spite of framing family diversity within the teaching plan, and knowing the family reality of the schools, there are few materials and references to work on multiple family models in the classrooms. In addition, teachers have expressed quite progressive ideas about family diversity, although there are several differences between active teachers and undergraduate students. Finally, the teachers point out that despite the importance of working on family diversity, they have not received enough training in the subject, so the challenges that this situation can generate will be analyzed so that the school can make an inclusive treatment of families, proposing its integration in the activity of the Early Childhood Education classrooms.

Behaviorism and constructivism continue to be the basis of current educational methodologies, despite being commonplace in the first decades of the twentieth century. In fact, one of the contemporary challenges of the educational system is based on strengthening constructivism in the classroom, which would allow students to become responsible for their educational process and build their knowledge. The aim of this paper will be to analyse which educational techniques are the most used among early childhood education teachers and on which methodological currents they are mostly based. It will also take into account whether the type of school in which teachers work and their years of experience affect the use of those techniques. To this end, an ad hoc questionnaire was sent to 117 active teachers. The results indicated that, although the use of punishments is lower, the level of use of reinforcements and constructivist resources (above all, the scaffolding, the spiral curriculum, and starting from the interest of the students) is high. Consequently, it is necessary to reflect on the effect of over-justification, together with continuing to promote constructivist models and resources

The present study examines social representations of the threat created by emerging infectious diseases. A free association experiment was carried out in which the stimulus was a news item where the framing of a discourse (human interest vs. attribution of responsibility) was manipulated. Results showed that the human interest discourse sparked off representations linked to vulnerability, while the responsibility discourse produced representations concerning preventive health care promoted by the authorities. Even so, the effect of the discourse was limited and showed that the new information is anchored in previous interpretive schemes. Implications of mass media on health communication are considered.

This study examines how youth collectively represent fatness and determines the emotions it arouses. Understanding how fatness is socially constructed by young people is crucial to create programs that better deal with it. A free association exercise elicited by the word “fatness” was answered by 200 people of the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country (Spain), and the content was analyzed by its lexicon using Alceste software. The results showed that health-related representation of fatness was mostly descriptive, and it was not connected to risky or any emotional response. But fatness was also completely represented as a social pressure issue related to stigmatization and highly correlated with negative emotions, such as sadness, insecurity, embarrassment, anguish, lonesomeness, pity or anger. That is, risky and negative emotions were linked to social non-acceptance, and not with health problems. Thus, the conclusion is that fatness is transmitted from fear and not from a positive construction of the health.

La tasa de movilidad independiente infantil ha sufrido un descenso significativo durante las últimas décadas. Esta situación ha provocado que la infancia tenga más dificultades a la hora de explorar, jugar o caminar de forma autónoma por las calles de sus barrios y ciudades. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo conocer las razones que impulsan o dificultan que los niños y niñas puedan tener experiencias de autonomía como en este caso a través del trayecto escolar sin una figura adulta y ver, así como es su percepción sobre el entorno, como influye la decisión parental y conocer cómo son sus propias capacidades personales. En el estudio han participado un total de 1.002 niños y niñas de entre 8 y 16 años de varios municipios de Bizkaia (norte de España). Las respuestas han sido recogidas mediante preguntas abiertas y analizadas mediante el software Iramuteq. Se han realizado tres tipos de análisis, el método Reinert, el análisis de similitudes léxicas y análisis de espeficidades. Los resultados muestran que los y las menores que obtienen el permiso de sus familias para realizar el trayecto escolar de manera autónoma, tienen una mayor percepción de seguridad sobre su entorno. Por el contrario, aquellos que van acompañados a la escuela, perciben sus calles como más inseguras y repiten más frecuentemente las dificultades que puede conllevar la realización del camino de forma independiente. Finalmente, se ha observado que los niños y niñas con mayores tasas de movilidad independiente se perciben con mayor madurez y mejores capacidades para moverse por su entorno.

Objetive: The aim of this study was to conduct an exhaustive synthesis to determine which instruments and variables are most appropriate to evaluate foster care programs (foster, kinship, and professional families). This evaluation includes the children, their foster families, their families of origin, professionals, and foster care technicians. Method: The systematic review included randomized, quasi-randomized, longitudinal, and control group studies aimed at evaluating foster care interventions. Results: A total of 86 studies, 138 assessment instruments, 18 constructs, and 73 independent research teams were identified. Conclusions: (1) although the object of the evaluations was the children, the informants were usually the people in charge of their care; therefore, effort should be made to involve the children in a more participatory way; (2) psychosocial functioning, behavior, and parenting are transversal elements in most evaluations, while quality of life and coping are not sufficiently well incorporated; (3) practical instruments (brief and easy to apply and correct) that are widely used and carry scientific guarantees should be prioritized to ensure the comparability and reliability of the conclusions; and (4) progress should be made in the study of evaluation models for all forms of foster care, including foster, extended, and specialized families.

En marzo de 2020, el virus SARS-CoV-2 procedente de China ha llegado a España y desde el 14 de marzo se ha declarado el estado de alarma en todo el Estado español, llevando al confinamiento a toda la población. La presente investigación se contextualiza en la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca (situada al norte de España). Se han analizado los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión a la llegada del virus y se han estudiado los niveles de sintomatología psicológica según edad, cronicidad y confinamiento. Se ha recogido una muestra de 976 personas y la medición de las variables ansiedad, estrés y depresión se ha hecho mediante la escala DASS (Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés). Los resultados demuestran que, aunque los niveles de sintomatología han sido bajos en general al principio de la alarma, la población más joven y con enfermedades crónicas ha referido sintomatología más alta que el resto de población. También se ha detectado un mayor nivel de sintomatología a partir del confinamiento, donde las personas tienen prohibido salir de sus casas. Se prevé que la sintomatología aumentará según vaya transcurriendo el confinamiento. Se defienden intervenciones psicológicas de prevención y tratamiento para bajar el impacto psicológico que pueda crear esta pandemia.