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ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the temporal trend of neonatal mortality in the health regions of Pernambuco between 2000 and 2020. Method: A time-series ecological study was conducted, analyzing the total neonatal mortality rate and its early and late components. For regression analysis, Joinpoint Regression was applied, trends were classified, and annual and average percentage changes were calculated for the period, with a significance level of 95%. Results: The average neonatal mortality rate in Pernambuco was 11.5 during the studied period. A decreasing trend in neonatal mortality rate was observed, especially in the early component. The region where the state capital is located showed the fastest decrease across all components. Conclusion: The temporal trend of neonatal mortality was decreasing; however, the rate of reduction was not uniform across the health regions of the state, and the implementation of the Mãe Coruja Pernambucana Program did not impact the trend in neonatal mortality.

Resumen: Introducción: En Chile los casos reportados de COVID-19 a nivel nacional al tercer año de pandemia (3 de noviembre del 2022) son de 4.769.638 y 61.725 fallecidos (1,3%), con el 93% de la población con esquema completo de vacunación (17.686.528). Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es una comunicación breve sobre el impacto de la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 en la mortalidad materna, perinatal y prematuridad en Chile. Método: Se utilizó la base de datos nacional del Departamento de Informática del Ministerio de Salud de Chile (DEIS), y la información reportada desde sitio web oficial de OMS. Se incluyeron todos los nacidos, muertes generales y fetales desde enero 1990 a septiembre del 2022. Se realiza una comparación entre los indicadores básicos maternos y perinatales de los últimos 30 años y los de los años de la pandemia. Resultados: Desde marzo 2020 a septiembre 2022, fallecieron más de 61.000 personas en Chile con diagnóstico asociado al COVID-19, el 17% de la mortalidad general para el período (364.000 fallecidos). Se observó una aceleración en la tendencia histórica hacia la disminución de la razón nacimientos/defunciones generales de 1,9 pre-pandemia a 1,4 al tercer año de pandemia. La razón de mortalidad materna en el año 2020 fue de 28,1 × 100.000 nacidos vivos y aumentó en comparación al año 2019 pre-pandemia (19,1) o a la línea simple de tendencia histórica proyectada para el 2020 (18) en un 56%. La prematuridad bajo 37 semanas de gestación, se incrementó de 8,5% (2019) a 9,5% para los años 2021 y 2022. La mortalidad neonatal de los primeros 28 días se mantuvo estable en 9 × 1.000 nacidos vivos durante los 3 años de pandemia y la mortalidad fetal (>21 semanas) tuvo un leve incremento a 4,7 × 1.000 nacidos vivos (año 2020) en relación a 3,4 del año 2019. Conclusiones: En Chile ocurrió un aumento de aproximadamente un 56% de la mortalidad materna el primer año de pandemia de SARS-CoV-2, el segundo año se observa un aumento significativo de la prematuridad tardía y un leve incremento de la mortalidad fetal. Estos hallazgos han sido reportados en las revisiones y últimas actualizaciones del año 2022. Abstract: Introduction: At the third year of the pandemic in Chile, the reported cases of COVID-19 reached 4,769,638 and 61,725 deaths (1.4%), with 93% of the population with a complete vaccination schedule (17,686,528). Aim: The purpose of this study is a brief communication on the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on maternal, perinatal and prematurity mortality in Chile. Method: The national database of the Informatics Department of the Ministry of Health of Chile (DEIS), and the information reported from the official WHO website were used. All births, general and fetal deaths from January 1990 to September 2022 were included. A comparison is made between the basic maternal and perinatal indicators of the last 30 years and those of the years of the pandemic. Results: From March 2020 to September 2022, approximately 61,000 people died in Chile with a diagnosis associated with COVID-19, 17% of the general mortality for the period (approx. 364.000 deaths). An acceleration in the historical trend towards a decrease in the overall birth/death ratio was observed from 1.9 pre-pandemic to 1.4 during the third year of the pandemic. Maternal Mortality Ratio in 2020 (28.1 × 100,000) increased compared to 2019 pre-pandemic (19.1) or the simple historical trend line projected for 2020 (18.0) by 56%. Prematurity under 37 weeks of gestation increased from 8.5% (2019) to 9.5% for the years 2021 and 2022. Neonatal mortality in the first 28 days remained stable at 9 per thousand births during the 3 years of the pandemic and fetal mortality (>21 weeks) had a slight increase to 4.7 per thousand (year 2020) in relation to 3.4 in 2019. Conclusions: In Chile, an increase of approximately 56% in maternal mortality occurred in the first year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In the second year, a significant increase in late prematurity and a slight increase in fetal mortality were observed. These findings have been reported in the reviews and latest updates of the year 2022.

El Síndrome de Aspiración de Meconio (SAM) es una entidad caracterizada por dificultad respiratoria que sucede en pacientes que nacen a través de líquido amniótico meconizado, cuyos síntomas no pueden explicarse de otra manera. El SAM puede presentarse con diversos grados de severidad, desde una condición leve hasta ser potencialmente mortal con insuficiencia respiratoria y secuelas permanentes. Su fisiopatología involucra el paso o aspiración de meconio de manera intrauterina o postnatal con posterior enfermedad pulmonar que resulta en hipoxemia, acidosis y, potencialmente, hipertensión arterial pulmonar. El SAM se diferencia de otras causas de dificultad respiratoria neonatal según los antecedentes del paciente, la historia clínica, el examen físico y los hallazgos radiográficos. En esta revisión bibliográfica se revisa la presentación clínica y evaluación diagnóstica que debe realizarse, además se pretende direccionar el manejo médico y ventilatorio a seguir debido a las mejoras en la reanimación neonatal durante los últimos años. Estos cambios recientes han contribuido con la disminución de su incidencia y gravedad, sin embargo, aún se necesitan más estudios controlados aleatorizados para la optimización de la atención de los lactantes no vigorosos con SAM.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the development of children discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and how hospitalization interferes with child development, from parents’ point of view. Methods: a descriptive-exploratory, documentary and qualitative study, carried out with parents of children discharged from the Intensive Care Unit through a telephone survey and supplementation in medical records. Data were analyzed using Bardin’s tool and discussed according to scientific evidence. Results: from parents’ point of view, delay in physical development was not observed, however difficulties in breastfeeding and weight gain were reported. Changes in speech and changes in behavior considered abnormal were also delays in child evolution. Final Considerations: from parents’ point of view, changes in speech may be associated with hospitalization in an Intensive Care Unit, while difficulties related to breastfeeding and delays in cognition may be altered by conditions of prematurity and low weight at birth.

Resumen: Introducción y objetivo: : La isquemia arterial es una complicación infrecuente durante la canalización de una arteria; sin embargo, puede ocurrir durante su realización para la monitorización de un paciente neonatal. Este documento trata de reunir las principales recomendaciones acerca del mejor manejo de la isquemia arterial y así poder ser de utilidad en la práctica clínica médica. Casos clínicos: Se describen los casos de dos recién nacidos pretérmino que desarrollaron resultados adversos tras la canalización arterial, siendo preciso una intervención quirúrgica. En uno de ellos fue necesario la amputación del miembro inferior; en el otro, la realización de una fasciotomía. Conclusión: En este documento se resumen los datos más recientes publicados en relación con el tratamiento médico y quirúrgico de la isquemia arterial, así como del control del dolor asociado. El manejo de esta patología continúa siendo un reto debido a la escasa literatura existente de esta complicación en la población neonatal. Abstract: Introduction and objective: Arterial ischemia is an uncommon complication of arterial cannulation. Nonetheless, this condition may occur in neonatal population. This paper seeks to gather the main recommendations with regards to arterial ischemia management so as to be useful for physicians in their clinical practice. Case reports: The cases of two preterm newborns who developed adverse outcomes requiring surgical intervention derived from femoral arterial cannulation are presented. One patient required lower limb amputation; the other one, a fasciotomy. Conclusion: We summarize the most recent published data, concerning both medical and surgical ischemia treatment and associated pain control. Arterial ischemia management remains a challenge to physicians as there is limited data available about the best management of arterial ischemia in the neonatal population.

Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of neonatal jaundice in babies born at Westend Hospital in Zimbabwe between January and December 2021. Methods: This was an analytical cross sectional study where secondary data were analyzed in a retrospective manner. The study was carried out at Westend Hospital in Harare in year 2021. Out of 1172 babies delivered only 611 babies were qualified and included in this study, we excluded all the other maternity and babies on medication except those on Nevirapine Case notes of babies admitted from January 2021 to December 2021 were retrieved through information on bio data. Using convenient sampling, 611 babies were suitable for this study, we assessed their demographic, clinical outcome and laboratory data .Descriptive statistics was used in addition. Maternal and fetal risk factors were assessed using Chi square test P< 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: This study showed that 281 babies presented with neonatal jaundice resulting in 45.99% prevalence rate. Chi square test found significant relationships between the predisposing risk factors and neonatal jaundice. Significant risk factors for neonatal jaundice were birth weight (p=

Introduction: In 2017, a worldwide survey was conducted on compliance with the practices promoted by Neo-BFHI (Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative expansion to neonatal wards). Objective: To present the results of the Spanish wards that participated in the global survey and compare them with those obtained internationally. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study through a survey on compliance with the Neo-BFHI (“Three basic principles”, “Ten steps adapted to neonatal wards” and “the compliance with the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes” and subsequent relevant World Health Assembly resolutions). Compliance was calculated as the mean in each indicator and a final mean score for each neonatal unit. For the partial and final scores for each country and at the international level, the median was used. All scores ranged between 0 and 100. Results: The response rate in Spain was 90%. The range of the national mean for neonatal wards were from 37 to 99, with no differences in the final score according to the level of care. The global score for Spain (72) is below the international median (77) and this also occurs in 8 of 14 items. The neonatal wards from BFHI designated hospitals, obtained a significantly higher mean global score, and in 9 of 14 items than the non-accredited ones. Conclusions: Both international and national results indicate an improvement in breast feeding practices in neonatal units. The benefits of the BFHI accreditation of maternity reach neonatal wards. Spain has several key points below the international score. Resumen: Introducción: En 2017 se realizó una encuesta a nivel mundial sobre el cumplimiento de las prácticas que promueve la Neo-IHAN (Iniciativa para la Humanización de la Asistencia al Nacimiento y la Lactancia en las unidades neonatales). Objetivo: Presentar los resultados de las unidades españolas que participaron en la encuesta mundial y compararlos con los obtenidos internacionalmente. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal mediante una encuesta sobre el cumplimiento de los requisitos de la Neo-IHAN (“Tres principios básicos”, “Diez pasos adaptados a unidades neonatales” y “el Cumplimiento del Código Internacional de Comercialización de Sucedáneos de Leche Materna”). El cumplimiento se calculó como la media en cada indicador y una puntuación media final para cada unidad neonatal. Para las puntuaciones parciales y finales de cada país y a nivel internacional se utilizó la mediana. Las puntuaciones van de 0 a 100. Resultados: La tasa de respuesta en España fue del 90% de las unidades de nivel 2 y 3. El rango de la media para las unidades neonatales fue de 37 a 99, sin diferencias según el nivel asistencial. La puntuación global de España (72) está por debajo de la mediana internacional (77) así como en 8 de los 14 requisitos de la Neo-IHAN. Las unidades neonatales de hospitales con maternidades acreditadas IHAN, obtuvieron una puntuación media final significativamente mayor así como en 9 de los 14 requisitos frente a las no acreditadas. Conclusiones: Los resultados tanto internacionales como nacionales indican una mejora de las prácticas de la lactancia materna en las unidades neonatales. Los beneficios de la acreditación IHAN de las maternidades alcanzan a las unidades neonatales. España tiene varios puntos clave por debajo de la puntuación internacional.

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Brazilian hospitals use a protocol for weaning from noninvasive ventilation (NIV), how this ventilatory support is withdrawn, and whether there is consensus among the methods used by the institutions. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from December 2020 to February 2021, based on responses to an electronic questionnaire, filled out by physical therapists working in NICU in Brazilian hospitals about the routine of physical therapy and the use of NIV and its weaning. Results: A total of 93 answers to the electronic questionnaire met the study criteria: 52.7% were from public health institutions, with an average of 15 NICU beds (15.2±15.9), 85% of the physical therapists worked exclusively in the NICU, 34.4% of the NICU had 24-h physical therapy care, 66.7% of the units use the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as ventilatory mode, and 72% the nasal prong as NIV interface; 90% of the NICU physical therapists answered that their NICU had no NIV weaning protocol, with various methods of weaning reported, the most cited being pressure weaning. Conclusions: Most Brazilian NICUs have no NIV weaning protocol. The most used method among institutions, with or without a protocol, is pressure weaning. Although most of the participating physical therapists work exclusively in NICU, many hospitals do not have the recommended workload, which can be one of the negative factors in the organization of protocols and in the progress of ventilatory weaning.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the maternal and neonatal factors in newborns of adolescent mothers associated with hospital readmission in the neonatal period. Method: Quantitative cross-sectional, retrospective and analytical study, with 489 newborns of adolescent mothers, born in 2019 and 2020 in a high-complexity public hospital in southern Brazil. Data were collected through a query and analyzed in the SPSS software using the chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. To control for confounding factors, the multivariate Poisson regression model was used. Results: The prevalence of hospital readmissions for newborns of adolescent mothers was 9.2%, mainly due to respiratory conditions, being the most prevalent the diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis, at 22.3%. Conclusion: Neonatal hospital readmission was associated with prematurity, 1st minute Apgar

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess prevalence and factors associated with hypothermia in preterm infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: It is a cross-sectional retrospective study, with 154 premature newborns admitted between 2017 and 2019 in a neonatal intensive care unit. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association to hypothermia. Results: There was a predominance of males (55.8%), coming from the operating room (55.8%), gestational age > 32 weeks (71.4%), weight > 1500g (59.1%), Apgar in the 1st minute of life less than seven (51.9%) and in the 5th minute of life greater than or equal to seven (94.2%). The prevalence of hypothermia at admission was 68.2%. It was found that the lower the weight, the greater the chances of hypothermia, being three times higher in low weight (OR 3.480), five times higher in very low weight (OR5.845) and up to 47 times higher in extremely low weight (OR47.211). Conclusion: Hypothermia was 68.2% and it was associated with lower birth weight.

Objective: to present an algorithm for the indication of venous accesses for newborns in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Development: descriptive study conducted in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in southern Brazil, in the period from 2017 to 2020 in two stages of idealization: design of the algorithm; and the adequacy based on the application according to observations made by the nurses involved. The developed algorithm contemplated the prediction of venous access for patients with indication for abdominal and other surgeries, premature infants stratified in gestational age higher and lower than 30 weeks, heart diseases with dependence or not on arterial channel and persistent neonatal hypoglycemia. According to the venous network, number of prescribed therapies, fasting, antibiotic therapy and vasoactive drugs, there is an initial indication for one type of catheter that may be followed by another according to need. Conclusion: the participation of nurses in the indication of venous access integrates interprofessional practices and increases neonatal care.

ABSTRACT Objective: to produce and validate a booklet, based on Jean Watson’s Theory, on home care for premature newborns, based on caregivers’ experiences. Method: a methodological study, developed in the following stages: diagnosis of knowledge needs about home care; survey of scientific content; educational material production; and validity by judges/experts. Results: the literature review resulted in 19 articles. The main themes (breastfeeding, bath care, bond building, infection prevention and support network) were listed for producing the booklet “Booklet for Premature Newborns: Demystifying Home Care”. The booklet content and appearance received the overall Content Validity Index of 0.85, considered suitable within the scientific rigor of validity. Final considerations: the booklet produced and validated is an educational material whose main role is to provide knowledge and awaken caregivers’ autonomy in providing home care to newborns.

Resumen: La historia de los inicios en Chile de la implementación nacional de las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales, y por ende de los inicios de la neonatología moderna en Chile, es de visionarios motivados exclusivamente por el profundo deseo de mejorar la sobrevida y calidad de vida de pequeños que nacían, muy a su pesar, antes de tiempo. Es una historia que, como muchas otras del desarrollo de la medicina, vale la pena relatar no solo por los logros que alcanzó, sino que también por el proceso de gestación y desarrollo en sí. Recordaremos para ello primero la historia de los orígenes y desarrollo del cuidado de los recién nacidos en el mundo, su avance gradual en el siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX, su consolidación a partir de la década de los 60, y finalmente su impulso en Chile con especial mención de la gestación del programa nacional de cuidados intensivos de prematuros en la década de los 80. Summary: The story of the onset of nationwide implementation of neonatal intensive care units in Chile, and therefore the beginnings of modern neonatology in Chile, is a story of visionaries motivated exclusively by a deep desire to improve the survival rate and quality of life of the little ones who were born, much to their regret, before their time. It is a story that, like many others of advances in medicine, is worth telling not only for the achievements acomplished but also for the gestation and development process itself. We’ll begin this story by recalling the history of the origins and development of newborn care in the world, its gradual growth in the 19th and early 20th centuries, its consolidation from the 1960s onward and finally its development in Chile, with special focus on the gestation of the national program of intensive care for premature infants in the 1980s.

Resumen: Introducción: La piel es fundamental en la transición de la vida intrauterina a la extrauterina. El recién nacido presenta cambios fisiológicos, siendo frecuente observar hallazgos cutáneos benignos y transitorios que varían según las características maternas, neonatales y de la gestación. Objetivos: Estimar la frecuencia de distintos hallazgos dermatológicos en neonatos en las primeras 72 h de vida e identificar la existencia de diferencias de proporciones estadísticamente significativas con factores neonatales, maternos y de la gestación. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional de corte transversal entre abril-julio 2015 y julio-noviembre de 2017 en la maternidad del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell. Se incluyeron neonatos de hasta 72 h de vida, a los que se les practicó un examen dermatológico completo. Se presenta la proporción de cada uno de los hallazgos con el intervalo de confianza (IC) correspondiente. Se analiza la relación entre los hallazgos y determinados factores asociados. Resultados: Se incluyeron 2811 neonatos. El 100% presentó al menos un hallazgo a nivel de la piel. La mediana fue de 8 lesiones por paciente (rango intercuartílico: 6-9/mínimo-máximo: 1-16). De los 46 hallazgos explorados clínicamente se encontraron 42. Las lesiones benignas y transitorias correspondieron al 99,9%. Entre ellas se observó: lanugo 98% (IC: 97,7-98,7), descamación fisiológica 79,7% (IC: 78,2-81,1) e hiperplasia sebácea 73,3% (IC: 71,6-74,9). El lanugo (p = 0,001), la descamación fisiológica (p

Objective: to describe the feelings of mothers regarding their children in the neonatal intensive care unit. Method: qualitative approach study of the descriptive type involving 10 mothers with children in the neonatal intensive care unit. Results: it was perceived that fear, longing, sadness, insecurity and impotence are common feelings of mothers with newborns under the care of the neonatal intensive care unit. Final considerations: the participation of the team in welcoming the family and stimulating their active participation is fundamental in conducting quality care. The presence of the parents is a strongly positive aspect when facing the experience of admission in the neonatal intensive care unit. Newborn and mother care should not be limited to a technical or curative approach, this care needs to be idealized from a multidisciplinary perspective.

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe and compare the frequency of neurobehavioral signs in preterm infants in traditional and humanized body weight check. Methods: a quantitative, quasi-experimental, cross-over study, carried out in a Neonatal Unit at a university hospital with a sample of 30 preterm newborns, randomly assigned and allocated in control group (traditional) and intervention group (humanized), with collection of general data, vital signs before and after procedures and footage. Results: there was a higher frequency of approach signs in humanized weight check compared to traditional check. Moreover, withdrawal signs were more frequent in traditional weight check compared to humanized check. Conclusion: in this regard, humanized body weight check provided greater benefits to preterm infants, making it necessary to foster discussions about humanization of care, so that this practice can be performed routinely in health units.

Objetivo: Detectar la presencia de Enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas en hisopados rectales de neonatos mediante técnica de nefelometría láser y caracterización del tipo de carbapenemasa mediante test inmunocromatográfico. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Fueron incluidos 57 neonatos, tamizados al ingreso a UCI, mediante hisopado rectal, procesado por nefelometría laser HB&L Carbapenemase (Alifax®) y caracterización del tipo de carbapenemasa por inmunocromatografía rápida RESIST-3 (Coris BioConcept®).Resultados: Encontramos un alto porcentaje de colonización rectal (22.9%) correspondiente a 13 hisopados positivos y 44 (77.1%) fueron negativos por nefelo-metría láser. Por VITEK 2® se obtuvo identificación de Klebsiella pneumoniae resistente a carbapenémicos en los 13 aislamientos y el test inmunocromatográfico reveló la presencia de carbapenemasas blaKPC en estos aislamientos. Discusión:Estudios evidencian el aumento de la colonización por microorganismos productores de carbapenemasas en neonatos. Los resultados de este estudio demuestran que un porcentaje significativo de neonatos que ingresan a las Unidades de Cuidado Neonatal se encuentran colonizados con Enterobacterias pro-ductoras de carbapenemasas en tracto intestinal. Lo anterior constituye un riesgo potencial para su diseminación y posterior desarrollo de brotes, en donde surge la importancia de implementar estrategias de vigilancia activa como la tamización rectal para la detección oportuna de neonatos colonizados.

La infección por SARS-CoV-2 fue descrita por primera vez en noviembre de 2019 en la ciudad de WUHAN. La vía de transmisión es a través de gotas respiratorias, por contacto directo de éstas con distintas mucosas en el cuerpo. No hay evidencia clara de la transmisión vertical, pero no se puede descartar como ruta de transmisión. El objetivo principal del trabajo es describir 3 casos de recién nacidos admitidos en la unidad de terapia intensiva neonatal cuyas madres presentaron infección por SARS-CoV-2 durante la gestación, el cual pudiese facilitar la inducción de endoteliitis en varios órganos como consecuencia directa del compromiso viral y ser el punto de partida para conducir a la asfixia prenatal en los pacientes, con expresión directa o no de biomarcadores de hemostasia y coagulación.

Resumen: Objetivo: La ecografía pulmonar es una herramienta útil para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de la patología del paciente crítico neonatal. Su uso está cada vez más extendido gracias a sus ventajas sobre otras pruebas de imagen y el rápido incremento en la evidencia científica a su favor, constituyendo así, un pilar básico de las guías «point of care ultrasound» (POCUS) neonatal. El objetivo de este artículo especial es proporcionar las bases y aplicaciones diagnóstico-terapéuticas establecidas de la ecografía pulmonar, y dar a conocer nuevas aplicaciones. Métodos y resultados: La sección de ecografía pulmonar del Grupo de Trabajo de Ecografía Neonatal de la Sociedad Española de Neonatología resume la evidencia científica actual. Se describen los patrones ecográficos de las principales patologías respiratorias, aborda algunas de sus aplicaciones en la asistencia neonatal (predicción de ingreso, necesidad de surfactante, procedimientos ecoguiados, seguimiento del desarrollo pulmonar en el prematuro, entre otros) y propone su incorporación en otros escenarios actualmente menos establecidos como la reanimación o el manejo ventilatorio.Este artículo reafirma los beneficios de esta herramienta para ayudar en el diagnóstico, toma de decisiones terapéuticas, apoyo en procedimientos y valoración pronóstica. Conclusiones: La ecografía pulmonar debe establecerse como la prueba diagnóstica de elección en la patología respiratoria neonatal. Por ello, su entrenamiento debería formar parte de la formación de los neonatólogos e incluirse en los protocolos diagnóstico-terapéuticos asistenciales. Se deben seguir desarrollando líneas de investigación con estudios sólidos y multicéntricos que aumenten la calidad de la evidencia científica. Abstract: Objective: Lung ultrasound is a useful tool for diagnosis and follow-up of diseases in critically ill neonates. Its use is increasingly widespread thanks to its advantages over other imaging tests and the rapidly growing body of evidence to support it, and «point-of-care ultrasound» (POCUS) has become a key component in neonatal guidelines. The objective of this special article is to present the foundations and the established diagnostic and therapeutic applications of lung ultrasonography as well as introducing new applications. Methods and results: The Lung Ultrasound Section of the Neonatal Ultrasonography Working Group of the Spanish Neonatology Society has summarised the current scientific evidence. The article describes the sonographic features of the most common respiratory diseases, discusses some of the applications of ultrasound in neonatal care (such as prediction of admission and need of surfactant, ultrasound-guided procedures or monitoring of lung development in premature infants) and proposes its introduction in other scenarios in which its use is not quite established at present, such as resuscitation or respiratory management. This article reaffirms the usefulness of lung ultrasound in guiding diagnosis, clinical decision-making and prognosis and facilitating procedures. Conclusions: Lung ultrasound should be established as the gold standard for diagnosis of respiratory diseases in neonates. Therefore, training in lung ultrasound should be included in the educational curriculum of neonatologists and in diagnostic and therapeutic care protocols. Research on the subject should continue to be pursued with performance of rigorous multicentre studies to increase the quality of the evidence.

Objective: Lung ultrasound is a useful tool for diagnosis and follow-up of diseases in critically ill neonates. Its use is increasingly widespread thanks to its advantages over other imaging tests and the rapidly growing body of evidence to support it, and “point-of-care ultrasound” (POCUS) has become a key component in neonatal guidelines. The objective of this special article is to present the foundations and the established diagnostic and therapeutic applications of lung ultrasonography as well as introducing new applications. Methods and results: The Lung Ultrasound Section of the Neonatal Ultrasonography Working Group of the Spanish Neonatology Society has summarised the current scientific evidence. The article describes the sonographic features of the most common respiratory diseases, discusses some of the applications of ultrasound in neonatal care (such as prediction of admission and need of surfactant, ultrasound-guided procedures or monitoring of lung development in premature infants) and proposes its introduction in other scenarios in which its use is not quite established at present, such as resuscitation or respiratory management. This article reaffirms the usefulness of lung ultrasound in guiding diagnosis, clinical decision-making and prognosis and facilitating procedures. Conclusions: Lung ultrasound should be established as the gold standard for diagnosis of respiratory diseases in neonates. Therefore, training in lung ultrasound should be included in the educational curriculum of neonatologists and in diagnostic and therapeutic care protocols. Research on the subject should continue to be pursued with performance of rigorous multicentre studies to increase the quality of the evidence. Resumen: Objetivo: La ecografía pulmonar es una herramienta útil para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de la patología del paciente crítico neonatal. Su uso está cada vez más extendido gracias a sus ventajas sobre otras pruebas de imagen y el rápido incremento en la evidencia científica a su favor, constituyendo así, un pilar básico de las guías «point of care ultrasound» (POCUS) neonatal. El objetivo de este artículo especial es proporcionar las bases y aplicaciones diagnóstico-terapéuticas establecidas de la ecografía pulmonar, y dar a conocer nuevas aplicaciones. Métodos y resultados: La sección de ecografía pulmonar del Grupo de Trabajo de Ecografía Neonatal de la Sociedad Española de Neonatología resume la evidencia científica actual. Se describen los patrones ecográficos de las principales patologías respiratorias, aborda algunas de sus aplicaciones en la asistencia neonatal (predicción de ingreso, necesidad de surfactante, procedimientos ecoguiados, seguimiento del desarrollo pulmonar en el prematuro, entre otros) y propone su incorporación en otros escenarios actualmente menos establecidos como la reanimación o el manejo ventilatorio. Este artículo reafirma los beneficios de esta herramienta para ayudar en el diagnóstico, toma de decisiones terapéuticas, apoyo en procedimientos y valoración pronóstica. Conclusiones: La ecografía pulmonar debe establecerse como la prueba diagnóstica de elección en la patología respiratoria neonatal. Por ello, su entrenamiento debería formar parte de la formación de los neonatólogos e incluirse en los protocolos diagnóstico-terapéuticos asistenciales. Se deben seguir desarrollando líneas de investigación con estudios sólidos y multicéntricos que aumenten la calidad de la evidencia científica.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the potentialities, barriers and difficulties for the implementation of humanized care from the perspective of the Kangaroo Method. Methods: Integrative literature review with a time cut from 02/01/2015 to 06/01/2019, totaling ten articles in the final sample. Results: The findings were categorized into two categories: Potentialities for humanized care from the perspective of the Kangaroo Method; Barriers or difficulties to the implementation of the Kangaroo Method. Several potentialities for humanized care allied to technology and continuing education were identified, as well as several barriers to the implementation of the Kangaroo Method, such as lack of physical space, lack of professionals and team training, lack of knowledge, lack of adherence and professional demotivation. Final considerations: There are still few studies that address the potentialities, barriers and difficulties for the implementation of humanized care from the perspective of the Kangaroo Method, and most of those included in this review were conducted in Brazil and present a qualitative approach.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with acute kidney injury in preterm newborns. Method: a cross-sectional study based on records data of preterm newborns hospitalized in two neonatal units in northwest Paraná State in 2015. For data analysis, the logistic regression model was used by the stepwise forward method and Fisher’s Exact Test. Results: 132 preterm newborns, with a prevalence of 7.5% of acute kidney injury, were hospitalized. Majority of males, extremely preterm and very low birth weight. Associated factors were the use of non-nephrotoxic antibiotics and the presence of mechanical pulmonary ventilation, increasing the chance of developing acute kidney damage by 2.98 and 1.33/day, respectively. Hospitalization days constituted a protection factor. Conclusion: this study was able to identify the prevalence, and outline the variables associated with acute kidney injury in preterm newborns in a particular care situation.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the nurse professional practice environment of neonatal units and its relationship with the levels and main sources of occupational stress. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive, exploratory, correlational study performed with nursing professionals of neonatal units of four public hospitals. A sociodemographic/professional questionnaire, the Brazilian version of Practice Environment Scale, and the Work Stress Scale were applied. In the analysis, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson chi-squared, Likelihood Ratio, and Mann Whitney U tests were adopted for association among variables. Results: Participating professionals amounted to 269. The practice environment was evaluated as favorable by more than half of the sample (63.6%), showing a significant statistical association which was inversely proportional with occupational stress (p < 0.001). The insufficient number of professionals for quality care was the major source of stress for nursing technicians, whereas teamwork with doctors was the predominant factor for the evaluation of environment quality and high stress levels of nurses. Conclusion: Unfavorable practice environments increase the stress levels of nursing professionals in neonatal units and may compromise patient safety.

Streptococcus agalactiae es una bacteria Gram positiva en forma de coco, beta hemolítica, clasificable mediante técnicas de serotipeo o MLTS en varios grupos, con múltiples factores de virulencia y colonizante de los tractos gastrointestinales y genitourinarios, la cual, en condiciones de inmunosupreción, diabetes o embarazo, puede causar enfermedad invasiva. Cuando una mujer gestante se encuentra colonizada, frecuentemente puede darse transferencia vertical de este agente, causando múltiples enfermedades neonatales, como: meningitis, sepsis, entre otras. Dichas enfermedades tienen graves consecuencias que van desde neurológicas moderadas hasta la muerte, donde siempre existe una prognosis desfavorable para los niños sobrevivientes. El tamizaje, diagnóstico oportuno, profilaxis intraparto y la vacunación son estrategias para combatir la enfermedad causada por estreptococos del grupo B.

A crise pandêmica gerada pela doença do novo coronavírus instalada pelo mundo altera rotinas dos sujeitos e afeta o processo de trabalho interferindo nas relações. No contexto hospitalar as mudanças alteraram a experiência da residente do Serviço Social do programa de residência multiprofissional materno infantil/neonatologia de hospital geral de alta complexidade frente a impossibilidade das visitas na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Objetivo: apontar as estratégias profissionais na rotina de cuidado multiprofissional em unidade neonatal frente ao coronavírus. Método: trata-se de relato de experiência acerca da inserção em unidade neonatal de hospital de grande porte do norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no período março de 2020. Resultados e discussão: a pandemia do coronavírus dificultou as intervenções profissionais, impossibilitando a inter-relação com equipe multiprofissional. Conclusão: vislumbrou-se contribuir para a qualificação dos serviços hospitalares, assim como, o atendimento pautado no princípio da integralidade do Sistema Único de Saúde.

The objective was to get to know adverse events and care practices for the purpose of patient safety at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Systematic review using the following descriptors: Patient Safety; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Adverse events. Study developed between September 2015and February 2016. Eighty-four articles were found in three databases between 2006 and 2015. After applying the screening and eligibility criteria, nine articles were selected. The analysis of the articles revealed that adverse events take place at the Neonatal Intensive Care Units, which are attributed to different factors. The actions mentioned to prevent the adverse events were continuing education, training and an increasing number of professionals, support from management, knowledge strengthening and team commitment. In conclusion, the most noteworthy adverse events were related to medication, respiratory infections and non-programmed extubations. The main factors contributing to error were excessive workloads, lack of professionals and resources and an unfavorable work environment.

This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of the nursing team in the management of pain in the newborn, in terms of professional training. It is a transversal study, undertaken in the Neonatal Unit of a specialist hospital in Recife in the Brazilian state of Pernambuco, with 105 professionals, between August and October 2014. Analysis was undertaken using the Stata 12.1 software, Student’s t-test was used and p

Objetivos: Evaluación en la Clínica General San Diego de Barranquilla de febrero de 2014 a diciembre de 2015 de los recién nacidos con factores de riesgo para infección y el beneficio de usar o no antibióticos profilácticos como preventivos de sepsis neonatal y el análisis de la morbilidad asociada. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo donde se analizan 155 casos en los cuales se utilizó o no antibiótico profiláctico en paciente con factores de ries-go de sepsis. Resultados: De un total de 4159 nacimientos, 155 recién nacidos (3,72 %) presentaron factores de riesgo; de estos pacientes en 74 se usaron antibióticos (grupo 1) y en 81 no se usaron antibióticos (grupo 2). En ninguno de los grupos se presentaron casos positivos de sepsis

RESUMO Objetivo: determinar a incidência de derrame pericárdico com tamponamento cardíaco em recém-natos prematuros em uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica, com ênfase na relação entre o derrame pericárdico e a inserção de cateter central de inserção periférica, e avaliar o papel da ultrassonografia à beira do leito na abordagem desses casos. Métodos: análise retrospectiva dos pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica, entre julho de 2014 e dezembro de 2016, que apresentaram derrame pericárdico com repercussão hemodinâmica, avaliados por ultrassonografia. Resultados: foram estudados 426 pacientes admitidos na unidade neonatal de cinco leitos, com realização 285 ultrassonografias à beira do leito. Foram encontrados seis casos de derrame pericárdico, sendo quatro casos com choque obstrutivo e necessidade de realização de drenagem pericárdica, sem mortalidade relacionada ao procedimento e com melhora hemodinâmica em todos os pacientes após o procedimento. A incidência de derrame pericárdico foi de 2,4 casos por ano. Conclusão: a incidência de derrame pericárdico é baixa em neonatos, porém o diagnóstico precoce é fundamental devido à alta morbimortalidade, especialmente nos casos de instalação abrupta. Todos os casos foram diagnosticados pela ultrassonografia à beira do leito, demonstrando sua importância no rastreio desses casos, especialmente em nos quadros de choque de etiologia incerta e neonatos com instabilidade hemodinâmica de início súbito que estão em uso de acesso venoso central.

El tamizaje neonatal corresponde a la búsqueda de una enfermedad latente en individuos aparentemente sanos. Su importancia es reducir los tiempos de hospitalización, reducción de morbilidad y mejoramiento del estado nutricional de los niños en los primeros dos años de vida. En el tamizaje neonatal se ven involucrados dos instituciones las cuales corresponden al Programa Nacional de Tamizaje (PNT) cuyo objetivo es prevenir el retardo mental y otras discapacidades provocadas por enfermedades metabólicas hereditarias por medio de su detección y tratamientos tempranos. Así mismo, se encarga de brindar el consejo genético a los padres de familia sobre el riesgo que pueden tener si desean tener más hijos ya que presentan la probabilidad de tener otro bebe con la misma enfermedad. La segunda institución involucrada es la Asociación Costarricense para el Tamizaje y la Prevención de Discapacidades en el Niño (ASTA), declarada de utilidad pública por el Ministerio de Justicia y Gracia. Su misión consiste en apoyar al PNT en la detección masiva y selectiva, confirmación diagnóstica, tratamiento y seguimiento de los niños y niñas afectados con trastornos congénitos.

La fiebre de Chikungunya es una enfermedad tropical desatendida en muchos países por su relativa baja letalidad. Esta enfermedad es causada por el virus de Chikungunya (VCHIK), transmitido por artrópodos pertenecientes al género Alphavirus de la familia Togaviridae. Este virus se transmite a los humanos a través de la picadura de mosquitos Aedes infectados (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus). Generalmente la enfermedad por VCHIK se manifiesta como una artritis autolimitada, ex-cepto en personas inmunocomprometidas y en recién nacidos, en los que se puede manifestar como una enfermedad grave.La trasmisión de infecciones de la madre al niño se puede dar in útero (congénita) alre-dedor del periodo del parto (perinatal) o de manera posnatal a través de la leche materna. La infección materna se disemina al embrión y al feto por infección ascendente desde la vagina, vía cuello uterino hasta llegar al líquido amniótico o vía hematógena secundaria a viremia, parasitemia o bacteremia.La vía hematógena de infección fetal es más común durante episodios de viremia materna como los que se presentan durante la infección por VCHIK. La transmisión perinatal del VCHIK es un evento poco frecuente que ocurre en los brotes masivos de infección cuando el riesgo de viremia en mujeres embarazadas cercanas al término se convierte en no despreciable. En estas pacientes, la infección neonatal se presenta con una probabilidad de ocurrencia del 50 %, y se expresa en el recién nacido principalmente como postración y encefalopatía.

Fortuitous delivery one which occurs in a place other that a delivery room. Facility some of these infants do not under neonatal complications, but who present morbidly conditions the more frequent are; neonatal trauma, perinatal asphyxia, sepsis, pneumonia, and metabolic acidosis.

Objetive: to characterize the mechanical ventilation on neonates of "Abel Santamaria" Hospital, in Pinar del Rio, Cuba Material and Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study, conducted between August 2009 and March 2013. A total of 164 mechanically ventilated infants were studied in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital Abel Santamaria. We analyzed: gestational age, birth weight, medical history of the mother, causes of ventilation and complications of ventilation Results: 62% were male, gestational age was predominanlly more than 32 weeks, 37% of infants had less than 2500 g. Pregnancy induced hypertension was present as maternal history in 17% of ventilated infants, the most common cause for ventilation was acute respiratory distress syndorme (ARDS), digestive dysfunction occurred in 14% as a complication, pulmonary hemorrhage was the leading cause of death conclusions: The lower the duration of mechanical ventilation, the longer survival. Pulmonary haemorrhage was the leading cause of death.

Objective. The study sought to describe the experiences of parents of premature children regarding discharge from the neonatal unit. Methodology. This was a qualitative study, in which 10 semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of premature infants upon discharge from the neonatal unit. Data were analyzed following principles of grounded theory; open and axial coding was performed. Results. The following categories emerged from the analysis of the information: feelings experienced upon discharge, and experience of the discharge as a process; the latter category clearly identified barriers and facilitators. The results highlight that the parents experience ambivalent feelings; joy is mixed with the fear of caring for a premature child at home. Conclusion. For parents, discharge of premature children from the neonatal unit is a complex process during which conflicting feelings are experienced. Nursing must develop strategies to involve parents early in the care of their children during the hospital stay. How to cite this article: Osorio SP, Ochoa Marín SC, Semenic S. Preparing for post-discharge care of premature infants: Experiences of parents. Invest. Educ. Enferm. 2017; 35(1):

Los quistes ováricos son la tumoración abdominal más frecuente en la etapa neonatal. Pueden presentarse desde casos asintomáticos hasta pacientes con quistes complicados con sangrado; ascitis, hemorrágica por ruptura del quiste, peritonitis y torsión. El diagnóstico prenatal mediante la ultrasonografía es fundamental para el manejo oportuno de las pacientes. Existen diferentes alternativas de tratamiento que va desde observación, punción percutánea con guía ecográfica hasta el abordaje laparoscópico que dependerá del patrón y diámetro del quiste, siempre teniendo presente la preservación de las gónadas para asegurar el desarrollo en la pubertad y la fertilidad a futuro. Se presenta el caso de una niña de 45 días de vida que se muestra el diagnóstico prenatal y la aparición de un quiste complejo en uno de sus controles ecográficos, el cual es resuelto de manera laparoscópica.

Objetivo: evaluar la adolescencia como factor de riesgo para complicaciones maternas y perinatales en Cali, Colombia, 2002-2007. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal, realizado en 29.158 mujeres gestantes de 34 años o menores atendidas en los años 2002-2007 en la red pública del municipio de Santiago de Cali en los tres niveles de atención. Incluyó la base de datos del tercer nivel y una muestra representativa del primer y segundo nivel. Se evaluaron como desenlaces maternos: los trastornos hipertensivos, las alteraciones metabólicas, las hemorragias, las infecciones y las condiciones del parto; como resultados perinatales: la infección, la enfermedad de membrana hialina, el bajo peso al nacer, la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino, la muerte intrauterina y las alteraciones nutricionales. El análisis incluyó la exploración de las variables y el cálculo de la razón de oportunidad e intervalos de confianza del 95%, al comparar madres adolescentes y adultas con resultados materno y perinatales. Resultados: la adolescencia es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar eclampsia (OR = 2,09; IC 95%: 1,48-2,94) con respecto a madres mayores de 20 años y es factor de riesgo para restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (OR = 1,23; IC 95%: 1,08-1,41) En contraste, ser adolescente es un factor protector para el desarrollo de preeclampsia (OR = 0,88; IC 95%: 0,08-0,95) y para muerte intrauterina (OR = 0,84; IC 95%: 0,72-0,99). Conclusiones: el embarazo en la adolescencia incrementa el riesgo para eclampsia y restricción de crecimiento intrauterino, no así para otras morbilidades maternas o perinatales.Objective: Evaluating adolescence as a risk factor for maternal and perinatal complications in Cali, Colombia, 2002-2007. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 29,158 pregnant women aged 34 or less who were seen by the Cali public health network from 2002-2007. The network has three healthcare levels; the whole of the third-level database and a representative sample from the first and second levels were included. Maternal outcomes such as hypertensive disorders, metabolic alterations, hemorrhages, infections and conditions when giving birth were evaluated; perinatal outcomes covered infection, hyaline membrane disease, low birth-weight, intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine death and nutritional alterations. The analysis included an exploration of the variables and calculation of the odds ratios and their confidence intervals (95%) comparing adolescent mothers and adults in terms of perinatal and maternal outcomes with variables of interest. Results: Adolescence was found to be a risk factor for developing eclampsia (2.087 OR: 1.481-2.940 95% CI) regarding mother aged older than 20 and was a risk factor for intrauterine growth restriction (1.23 OR: 1.077-1.405 95% CI). By contrast, being an adolescent was a protection-inducing factor against developing preeclampsia (0.875 OR: 0.0810–0.946 95% CI) and intrauterine death (0.843 OR: 0.722-0.992 95% CI). Conclusions: Pregnancy occurring during adoles cence increases the risk of eclampsia and intrauter ine growth restriction, but not for other maternal or perinatal morbidities.

The nurse has a key role in involving parents in the care of newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit. The aim of this study was to comprehend how the nurses experience the care provided to newborns in the presence of the parents. This is a qualitative study using social phenomenology, with the participation of seven nurses, interviewed between January and February 2009. The nurses perceived the needs of parents; had positive expectations regarding the care provided and acknowledge themselves to be the link between them, helping them to live with the hospitalized child. However, in emergencies, the nurses had difficulties in caring for the neonate in the presence of the parents. The nurses positively evaluated the presence of parents in the neonatal intensive care unit, involving them permanently in the care of the newborn. The study evokes the emergence of a care context (nurse/neonate/parents) that precedes the proximity between the subjects and the demands presented by them.La enfermera tiene un papel fundamental en el envolvimiento de los padres en el cuidado al recién nacido en la unidad de terapia intensiva neonatal. El objetivo del estudio fue comprender como las enfermeras experimentan el cuidado prestado al recién nacido en la presencia de los padres. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa con abordaje de la fenomenología social; tuvo la participación de siete enfermeras, entrevistadas en los meses de enero y febrero de 2009. Se encontró que la enfermera percibe las necesidades de los padres, tiene expectativas positivas en relación al cuidado realizado y reconoce ser el eslabón entre ellos, ayudándolos a convivir con el hijo internado. Sin embargo, en situaciones de emergencia, tiene dificultades en cuidar al neonato en la presencia de los padres. Concluimos que la enfermera evalúa positivamente la presencia de los padres en la unidad de terapia intensiva neonatal, envolviéndolos permanentemente en el cuidado del recién nacido. El estudio evoca la emergencia de un contexto de cuidado (enfermera/neonato/sus padres) que precede a la aproximación entre los sujetos y las demandas por ellos presentadas.A enfermeira tem papel fundamental no envolvimento dos pais no cuidado ao recém-nascido, na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como as enfermeiras vivenciam o cuidado prestado ao recém-nascido, na presença dos pais. Usou-se a pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem da fenomenologia social, como metodologia. Participaram deste estudo sete enfermeiras, entrevistadas no período de janeiro e fevereiro de 2009. Como resultado tem-se que a enfermeira percebe as necessidades dos pais; tem expectativas positivas em relação ao cuidado realizado e reconhece ser o elo entre eles, ajudando-os a conviver com o filho internado. Contudo, em situações de emergência, tem dificuldades para cuidar do neonato na presença dos pais. Pode-se concluir que a enfermeira avalia positivamente a presença dos pais na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, envolvendo-os permanentemente no cuidado ao recém-nascido. O estudo evoca a emergência de um contexto de cuidado (enfermeira/neonato/seus pais) que precede a aproximação entre os sujeitos e as demandas por eles apresentadas.

The present study investigated the perception of parents about the intern- ment of a son hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care (NICU). A quali-tative methodology was used, through a case study and as an instru- ment to collect data, a semi-structured interview with a father and a mother of a premature baby inmate in NICU. The content of the interviews was analyzed using the methodology of content analysis, constituting two cate- gories and four subcategories, which provided an understanding that the couple in this study lived moments of ambivalence of feeling, of a modified routine hospitalization, as well as getting support to face these situations. It was noticed the psychologist importance in order to assist the parents in this moment of psychological distress.

Objetivo: La traqueostomía es un procedimiento quirúrgico utilizado en el manejo de la vía aérea en los pacientes pediátricos y neonatales. Los objetivos fueron describir las características epidemiológicas, clínicas, las indicaciones y complicaciones de niños traqueostomizados egresados del Servicio de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal en el periodo comprendido entre enero de 1996 y diciembre del 2007. Metodología: Se revisaron, en forma retrospectiva, los expedientes clínicos de todos aquellos niños a los que se les realizó una traqueostomía, egresados del Servicio de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal del Hospital Nacional de Niños, en el periodo comprendido entre enero de 1996 y diciembre de 2007. Resultados: Durante el periodo estudiado se egresaron 48 pacientes con traqueostomía. El promedio de traqueostomías realizadas por año fue de 3.9. El peso promedio al nacer fue de 2192 g. La edad promedio a la que se efectuó la traqueostomía fue de 44 días. La principal indicación para realizar la traqueostomía fue ventilación mecánica prolongada por displasia broncopulmonar, en 23 pacientes. Las complicaciones relacionadas con la traqueostomía se presentaron en el 40,4% de los casos. Se egresaron vivos un total de 29 pacientes (61,3%) y fallecieron 18 (38,8%). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes a los que se les realizó traqueostomía eran pretérminos (61,7%) y con un peso al nacer menor de 2500 g (57,44%). Las principales indicaciones para realizar la traqueostomía fueron: displasia broncopulmonar, miopatías, estenosis subglótica, hemangiomas, anomalías craneofaciales y malacias. Las principales complicaciones tempranas fueron obstrucciones de la cánula, decanulaciones accidentales, complicaciones de la herida. Las complicaciones tardías más frecuentes fueron granulomas, obstrucciones de la cánula. Ningún paciente del estudio presentó complicaciones asociadas con la cánula traqueal, que le provocaran la muerte.

OBJETIVO: Identificar fatores de risco associados ao óbito de recém-nascidos internados na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal do Hospital Universitário de Taubaté, SP. MÉTODOS: É um estudo longitudinal com informações obtidas dos prontuários dos recém-nascidos internados na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de Taubaté. A variável dependente foi o tipo de desfecho: alta ou óbito. As variáveis independentes foram variáveis maternas e gestacionais: idade materna, hipertensão, diabetes, terapia com corticóide e parto; variáveis do recém-nascido: peso ao nascer, duração da gestação, escore de Apgar no primeiro e quinto minutos de vida, nascimento múltiplo, malformações congênitas e sexo; variáveis relativas à internação: relato de ventilação mecânica, ventilação pressão positiva, relato de nutrição parenteral prolongada, sepse, entubação, massagem cardíaca, fototerapia, doença da membrana hialina, oxigênioterapia, tempo de internação e fração inspirada de oxigênio. Foi construído um modelo de forma hierarquizada em três níveis para análise de sobrevida, através do modelo de Cox; o programa computacional utilizado foi o Stata v9 e permaneceram no modelo final as variáveis com pOBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors associated with death of infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Taubaté University Hospital. METHODS: It is a longitudinal study with information obtained from medical records of newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Taubaté University Hospital. Type of outcome, discharge or death, was dependent variable. The independent variables were maternal and gestational variables: maternal age, hypertension, diabetes, corticosteroid therapy and delivery; variables of the newborn: birth weight, gestation length, Apgar score in the first and fifth minutes of life, multiple birth, congenital malformations and sex; hospitalar variables: report of mechanical ventilation, positive pressure ventilation, reports of prolonged parenteral nutrition, sepsis, intubation, cardiac massage, phototherapy, hyaline membrane disease, oxygen and fraction of inspired oxygen. It was built a model in three hierarchical levels for the survival analysis by the Cox model; it was used the software Stata v9 and the final model contained variables with p

Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, que teve como objetivo analisar a ação dos profissionais e sua contribuição na construção da integralidade do cuidado ao recém-nascido internado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). O estudo foi realizado no Hospital Sofia Feldman, em Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais), e teve como sujeitos 10 profissionais que assistem o recém-nascido na UTIN, e 7 pais de recém-nascidos ali internados. Para coleta de dados utilizaram-se a Oficina de Trabalho e a Observação Participante. O tratamento e a análise dos dados coletados foram feitos por meio de Análise de Discurso. A partir dos dados, evidenciaram-se as potencialidades da prática dos profissionais orientada pelo sentido da integralidade, os atos de saúde que materializam ou não a integralidade, as diferentes percepções dos participantes acerca do trabalho realizado pela equipe, e de que forma a lógica da organização do processo de trabalho inscreve o fazer do coletivo de trabalhadores.Se trata de un estudio cualitativo que tuvo como objetivo analizar la acción de los profesionales y su contribución en la construcción del cuidado integral al recién nacido internado en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). El estudio fue realizado en el Hospital Sofía Feldman, en Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais) y tuvo como sujetos 10 profesionales que asisten al recién nacido en la UTIN y 7 padres de recién nacidos, allí internados. Para recolectar los datos se utilizó el Taller de Trabajo y la Observación Participante. El tratamiento y el análisis de los datos recolectados fueron hechos por medio del Análisis del Discurso. A partir de los datos se evidenció el potencial de la práctica de los profesionales orientada por el sentido del cuidado integral, por los actos de salud que materializan el cuidado integral, las diferentes percepciones de los participantes acerca del trabajo realizado por el equipo y de que forma la lógica de la organización del proceso de trabajo inscribe el quehacer del colectivo de los trabajadores.This is a qualitative study aimed at analyzing the performance of healthcare professionals, as well as their contribution to a holistic-oriented care towards newborn babies in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The study was carried out in the Sofia Feldman Hospital, in Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The study's subjects were ten healthcare professionals who cared for newborns in the NICU, and seven parents of admitted newborns. Data was collected by means of workshops and participant observation processes. Data were treated and analyzed by means of discourse analysis concepts. The resulting data highlighted the following aspects: the potential and holistic-oriented practices of healthcare professionals; the presence or absence of healthcare actions that materialized the holistic care; the different perceptions of the participants about the work carried out by the team; and in what sense the rationale of the work organization encompassed the workers' collective performance.

Este estudo apresenta uma prática assistencial de enfermagem que teve como objetivo a sensibilização dos profissionais de saúde na unidade de terapia neonatal quanto à exposição à radiação ionizante, visando à otimização da proteção radiológica. O Modelo Operário Italiano (MOI) foi o referencial teórico e metodológico norteador dessa prática, desenvolvida em um hospital público de Florianópolis-SC com 12 participantes. Os resultados demonstraram que os profissionais de saúde expõem-se às radiações ionizantes, principalmente por desconhecerem as recomendações previstas na legislação.Se trata de una práctica asistencial de enfermería que tuvo por objetivo la sensibilización de los profesionales de salud de la unidad de terapia intensiva neonatal en lo referente a la exposición a radiación ionizante, procurando la optimización de la protección radiológica. El Modelo Obreiro Italiano (MOI) fue el referente teórico y metodológico orientador de dicha práctica, realizada con 12 participantes en un hospital público de Florianópolis/SC. Los resultados demuestran que los profesionales de salud se exponen a radiaciones ionizantes principalmente por desconocer las recomendaciones previstas en la legislación.This study present a nursing care practice whose objective is to sensitize health professionals of neonatal intensive care unit about the risk of exposition to ionizing radiation, aiming to optimize the radiological protection. The Operative Italian Model (OIM) was the main theoretical and methodological reference which guided this practice, carried out with twelve participants in a public hospital in Florianópolis-SC, Brazil. The results demonstrated that health professionals are exposed to ionizing radiation, especially for not being aware of the recommendations already included in the legislation.

La adaptación neonatal es el proceso de transición fisiológica que comprende, principalmente, cambios en la función respiratoria y cardiovascular. Es un proceso que inicia momentos antes del nacimiento y continúa hasta que se instale una función ventilatoria adecuada, resistencias vasculares periféricas y centrales adecuadas, y bienestar neonatal...

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the most common incompatible and unknown compatibility drug combinations and determine the compatibility of each pair of drugs used in hospitals based on reference books and journals., Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study. All babies who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Units from May First to July 31 st 2021 were sample of the study. Patients who did not receive at least two drugs coadministrated concurrently and who stayed less than 24 hours were excluded. Only drug-drug combinations were considered and the other non-drug administrations (electrolyte solutions, parenteral nutritions, and blood products) were excluded. Compatibility data were obtained from literature and online search engines (micromedex NeoFax Essentials 2020, UCL Hospitals Injectable Medicines Administration Guide: Pharmacy Department, 3rd Edition, Trissel Handbook on injectable drugs 15th edition, and published journals)., Results: The most commonly prescribed drug combinations were ampicillin-gentamicin (31.72%), amikacin-ampicillin sulbactam (9.05%), amikacin-ampicillin sulbactam-aminophylline (3.08%). The most common drug incompatible combination was ampicillin-gentamicin (31.71%), for the most drug combinations whose compatibility unknown were amikacin-ampicillin sulbactam (9.05%)., Conclusions: The high prevalence of incompatible drugs and unknown compatibility was identified, so checking its compatibility can be carried out through a two-dimensional chart to minimize the incidence of incompatibilities., (Copyright © 2022 Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (S.E.F.H). Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)