Search

Introducción: La promoción educativa sobre hábitos alimentarios saludables y práctica de actividad física en estudiantes universitarios constituye una estrategia eficaz de prevención de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Para ello se necesita precisar requerimientos educativos específicos de este sector poblacional. Objetivo: Caracterizar el estado nutricional, la distribución de eventos alimentarios y la actividad física en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas de la Universidad de Camagüey. Método: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal correlacional, en una muestra de 67 estudiantes durante 2019. El procesamiento estadístico de datos se realizó con el software Statgraphics Centurion XVI, versión 16.2.04. Un Análisis Multivariado permitió determinar la fuerza de asociación entre las variables estudiadas: Sexo, Año académico, Índice de masa corporal (IMC), Distribución de eventos alimentarios, Índice de actividad física y Tiempo sentado. Resultados: El 76,12 % de los estudiantes evaluados presentó peso saludable, de ellos, solo el 23,88 % refirió realizar actividad física programada en su tiempo libre, durante 150 minutos semanales. Conclusiones: Los universitarios estudiados presentaron un estado nutricional saludable, caracterizándose por omitir eventos alimentarios, principalmente el desayuno. Los niveles de actividad física programada en el tiempo libre son bajos, independientemente de que la mayoría presentaron niveles de actividad física entre media y alta.

Este artigo apresenta técnica para dimensionar e classificar populações caninas, segundo graus de dependência e restrição. Foi desenvolvida pelo Instituto Pasteur de São Paulo, com a seguinte metodologia: (1) realização de um inquérito domiciliar para identificação dos cães com proprietário e do grau de restrição. Aos proprietários de cães restritos, totalmente ou parcialmente, e aos moradores que não se definiram como proprietários únicos foram entregues coleiras de três cores distintas, solicitando-lhes colocação nos cães sob seus cuidados; (2) contagem de cães que circulavam na rua e classificação conforme cor da coleira, cuja ausência identificou os cães sem proprietário. Os pesquisadores foram posicionados em locais pré-determinados, distantes em média cinqüenta metros. O tempo de cada contagem foi de trinta segundos, repetindo-se a cada 15 minutos, por uma hora, com início e término marcados por apito. A técnica, aplicada em dois setores censitários do Município de Serra Azul, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, foi realizada por adolescentes de 13 a 17 anos, submetidos a um dia de treinamento. O procedimento foi simples e possibilitou acesso à informação de difícil obtenção, como o percentual de cães sem proprietário ou sem proprietário definido, que, no caso estudado, foi de 5%.

Em julho de 1990, foi registrado na cidade de Bauru, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, um surto de malária envolvendo usuários de cocaína injetável. Uma ampla investigação epidemiológica, conduzida de 19 de julho a 13 de setembro, revelou que pelo menos 119 pessoas estavam envolvidas no surto, uma vez que haviam compartilhado seringas e agulhas com um ou mais casos confirmados nos 3 meses anteriores à ocorrência. Cento e duas dessas pessoas foram localizadas e entrevistadas, e destas, 99 foram submetidas a exame de gota espessa e 91 a exames sorológicos para malária. Foram confirmados por exame hemoscópico 21 casos de malária por P. vivax, e 3 outros tiveram exame sorológico positivo para P. vivax. O controle da transmissão foi obtido fornecendo-se cloroquina aos envolvidos no surto, numa dose inicial de 10 comprimidos, seguida de doses supressivas semanais de 2 comprimidos até que fosse identificado o último comunicante. Amostras de soro coletadas na ocasião revelaram, ao lado da malária, uma alta prevalência de infecções pelo HIV (58%) e pelo vírus da hepatite B (40%). Foram discutidas as dificuldades para o controle do surto e a possibilidade da malária vir a se tornar uma doença endêmica entre usuários de drogas injetáveis, no Estado de São Paulo.

Foram identificadas associações entre conforto ambiental e sinais e sintomas entre trabalhadores expostos a ambientes fechados, ou seja, ambientes com ventilação e climatização artificiais. A população de estudo compreendeu 312 trabalhadores bancários distribuídos em dois edifícios localizados na Cidade de São Paulo. O delineamento é transversal com questionários autodirigidos, e a técnica de análise foi a regressão logística. A Síndrome dos Edifícios Doentes definida pela Organização Mundial da Saúde foi dividida em uma síndrome de sintomas gerais e em uma síndrome de sintomas de irritação de membrana mucosa. Foram relevantes para sintomas gerais, o sexo feminino, a organização do trabalho e a temperatura inadequada. Para sintomas de irritação de membrana mucosa, foram relevantes o sexo feminino e a temperatura inadequada. A organização do trabalho foi relevante para absenteísmo.

ABSTRACT: Interest in improving feed efficiency of cattle has been increasing. The residual feed intake (RFI), the most commonly used measurement of feed efficiency, is expensive and can only be used in a small number of animals. The Kleiber Index has also been proposed to measure RFI. In this study, we estimated genetic parameters for the Kleiber Index average daily weight gain and adjusted weights to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of potential responses to selection and support the development of breeding strategies. Genetic analyses were conducted on animal records from a data file with 36,505 animals recorded by ABCZ (Brazilian Association of Zebu Breeders). Restricted maximum likelihood estimates of genetic parameters were computed with Wombat software. Heritabilities ranged from 0.24 to 0.22 for adjusted weights, from 0.12 to 0.26 for Kleiber Indexes and from 0.15 to 0.22 for average daily gains. Correlations between traits ranged from -0.06 to 0.99. Results indicated that Kleiber Indexes at different ages do not constitute a viable solution for the selection of bulls and cows for Brazilian Brahman populations in terms of feeding efficiency.

Non–invasive approaches are increasingly investigated and applied in studies of small mammal assemblages because they are more cost–effective and bypass conservation and animal welfare issues. However, pellets of diurnal raptors have rarely been used for these purposes. We evaluated the potential of marsh harrier pellets (Circus aeruginosus) as a non–invasive method to sample small mammal assemblages, by comparing the results with those of sampling using Sherman live–traps and pitfalls. The three methods were applied simultaneously in an agricultural–wetland complex in NW Portugal. Estimates of species richness, diversity, evenness, abundance, and proportion of each species within the assemblage showed significant differences between the three methods. Our results suggest that the use of marsh harrier pellets is more effective in inventorying small mammal species than either of the two kinds of traps, while also avoiding any involuntary fatalities associated with the sampling of small non–volant mammals. Moreover, the analysis of pellets was the most cost–effective method. Comparison of the two trapping methodologies showed involuntary fatalities were higher in pitfalls than in Sherman traps. We discuss the advantages and flaws of the three methods, both from technical and conservational perspectives.

The data of accidents caused by snakebites in Venezuela, registered at the morbidity statistics of the Direction of Epidemiology and Strategic Analysis of the Ministry of Health and Social Development were analyzed. During the years of 1996-2004, 53,792 snakebites were registered in Venezuela (5,976 cases average per year), with a higher incidence during the year 2004 (7,486 incidents). Zulia reported the highest frequency of all the states (5,975 cases); meanwhile the Midwestern region, constituted by Lara, Portuguesa, Falc6n and Yaracuy states, had a higher morbidity for snake bites. The highest incidence, distributed per states was registered in Cojedes, during the year 2001, with 228.72 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. When it was determined by regions, the highest incidence occurred during the year 2004 at los Llanos with 63.81 per 100,000 inhabitants. The median of the incidence rate for Venezuela during the period was of 21.46 accidents per 100,000 inhabitants. The classification of the endemic areas for ophidism, according to the percentiles 23, 50, 75 and 90, organized the country in: (a) states and regions of very high endemicity, (b) high endemicity, (c) middle, (d) low and (e) very low endemicity. These epidemiological data indicated that the accidents caused by snakes constitute a collective health problem in Venezuela.

Aims: To determine how often ingested foreign bodies are found and what parameters may predict their retrieval., Methods: During 1 year, we prospectively studied all patients referred to our Ear Nose and Throat Emergency Unit because of foreign body ingestion., Results: During the study, 204 (median age-42 years [10 months-84 years]) patients were admitted because of ingested foreign body. The most common was fish bone (88%). Most patients were admitted <24-hour after ingestion (72%) and complained of symptoms above the cricoid cartilage (79%). A foreign body was removed by Ear Nose and Throat team in 108 (53%) patients. Twenty-three (11%) patients were referred to Gastroenterology. In 9 (39%) of these patients, a foreign body was identified by esophagogastroscopy, always from the esophagus. Predictive variables for retrieval of foreign body by Ear Nose and Throat team were ingested fish bone (P=.000; odds ratio [OR]=17.3), short duration (<6 hours) of symptoms (P=.001; OR=2.3) and symptoms above or at the level of cricoid cartilage (P=.000; OR=8.9). In patients with symptoms below the cricoid cartilage the rate of retrieval of foreign body by Ear Nose and Throat team (11%) was significantly increased by Gastroenterology (41%; P=.03)., Conclusions: Patients with ingestion of foreign body who ingest fish bone, present within the first 6 hours or complain of symptoms at or above cricoid cartilage deserve greater investment in terms of time and resources for retrieval of ingested foreign body by Ear Nose and Throat team., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.)

The production of L-lysine by Corynebacterium glutamicum (GIGO) non growing cells was studied. A system of fermentation was developed where it was possible to separate the physiologic states of growth from those of production of L-lysine. The biomass propagation step carried out in batch cultures with yeast extract and glucose substrate showed cellular growth without production of L-lysine. The production of L-lysine was achieved when the cells were collected and incubated in the mineral glucose medium without yeast extract. In this condition non cellular growth was observed and the yield product (YP/S) and the specific production of L-lysine were increased (3 times) in rapport with the values obtained with the conventional fermentation system with overlapping of cellular growth and production of L-lysine. The oxygen limitation led to the synthesis of lactic acid and acetic acid as alternative byproducts, which diminished when improving the oxygenation conditions by increasing the agitation rate of the cultures.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the adenoid size of each pediatric age group in our media and to compare the subjective visual assessment with a confronted measurement, the Fujioka's adenoidal-nasopharyngeal (AN) ratio. These data would allow the composition of a map, a guide for pediatricians useful in predicting the degree of upper airway obstruction, the role of adenoids in the etiology of serious otitis media and/or in selecting patients for adenoidectomy., Patients and Methods: We studied 1,033 radiographs of the nasopharynx taken in the emergency room of children between 5 months and 15 years of age that did not have any otorhinolaryngological (ENT) pathology. These individuals had no history of ear, nose or throat disease and the ENT evaluation was done in order to discard any ENT pathology. The subjective review and the AN ratios were calculated by experienced observers, tabulated and statistically analyzed., Results: Only 692 infants and children passed the careful selection. The differences in mean values among the ages were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The mean AN ratio reached its highest value (0.575) at 5 years of age. The AN ratio as an indicator of adenoid size was comparable to the visually estimated classifications of adenoid size (p < 0.0001). In addition, 85% of the radiographs selected were in the group normal to slightly enlarged (AN = 0.48)., Conclusions: The distribution of the mean AN ratios for age groups in healthy children shows a line which we could use as a standard, or guideline, to compare the AN ratio of any infant or child with any pathology related to the adenoids.

Whipple's disease is an uncommon systemic disease which most often affects the intestine but may involve any other organ. The case of a woman who consulted for weight loss, fever of unknown origin, cutaneous eruptions and increase in the abdominal perimeter is presented. The ascitic fluid showed exudate infected by E. coli suggesting spontaneous bacterial peritonitis associated with chronic liver disease. Antibiotic treatment and diuretics were administered after which abdominal exploration demonstrated the presence of a mesogastric mass. Echographic and tomographic studies were unable determine the origin of the mass with the final diagnosis being achieved by exploratory laparotomy and biopsy.

We studied patients undergoing hemodialysis awaiting renal transplantation who had routine endoscopy as preoperative evaluation. Medical histories of 71 patients transplanted between 1982-1989 were reviewed retrospectively in order to determine the results of the upper gastrointestinal lesions. At the time of the endoscopy the predictive variables studied were: age, sex, BUN, creatinine, hemoglobin, hematocrit, calcium and time on hemodialysis. The patients were divided in two groups: those with lesions and a control group without lesions. The comparison between the two groups was done using unpaired t-test for continual variables, X2 for dichotomous variables and p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Thirty two patients (45%) had lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract, in the esophagus: 17%, stomach 30% and duodenum: 23%. Age was the only predictive variables statistically significant for gastric lesions. We conclude that gastrointestinal lesions are frequent in patients with end stage renal failure. The gastric lesions were the most frequent and appeared in older patients. We recommend endoscopic studies in all end stage renal failure patients as part of the pre transplant evaluation. We also suggest endoscopy as follow up after transplantation.

We present the humoral immunological findings in 18 patients with ulcerative colitis and two with Crohn's disease. All of them had the disease for 3 months to five years. Fifteen were hispanics and five from European origin. There were ten males and ten females, and an average age of 38 years. All patients had active disease from clinical and endoscopy points of view. Thirteen patients had abnormal values in one of the immunoglobulins and normal in seven patients. IgA was increased in eleven, normal in seven and decreased in two. IgG increased in two, decreased in one and normal in seventeen cases. IgM was found to be increased in five and normal in the rest. IgA secretory determination in saliva, was performed twelve patients and was positive in all of them. Antinuclear antibodies were negative in eight. Anti-smooth muscle were positive in three of fifteen. Anti-mitochondrial were present in one and negative in thirteen. Values of C3 and C4 were lower than normal in 3 and 2 cases respectively from 4 cases studied. CH50 was decreased in 2 of 11 cases studied. In the patients, no correlation was found between low complement values, the positivity of auto antibodies and the clinical parameters previously mentioned. We conclude that there is quantitative alterations of the humoral response and it is necessary the immunological study in persons with inflammatory bowel disease others studies are needed to establish the real value of these findings.

Twenty two patients are presented with histologic lesions on esophageal biopsy compatible with infection by human papillomavirus. Symptoms were uncharacteristic, there was no sex difference and the mean age was 40 years. Upper GI endoscopy showed the following: a) multiple ulcers in the middle esophagus, most of less than 10 mm in diameter, rounded or oval in shape, separated by normal appearing mucosa, well delimited erythematous margins, with a smooth white base; b) In five patients, multiple white elevated lesions were found in the middle esophagus, separated by normal appearing mucosa. One patient had 2 papillomas; c) In two cases there was an epidermoid carcinoma at 25 and 28 cm from the dental arcade. Biopsy taken at the border of the lesions were compatible with papilloma virus infection. The possible relation of the lesions with papillomavirus infection was established only on histologic criteria. The described lesions regress without treatment or with nonspecific treatment, some cases of our series have responded to empiric antiviral medication.

The authors present a case of bullous dermatitis with clinical and biological polymyositis. The cause of the blisters can be found in an intense oedema of the superficial and middle dermis and is favoured by liquefaction of the basal layer and fibrinoid degeneration of the superficial dermis. It is diagnosed as dermatomyositis with malignancy even though it has been impossible to confirm the nature of the tumor. The diagnosis is being argued with other diseases that occasionally are vesiculobullous.