29 results on '"MICROBIAL diversity"'
Search Results
2. Comparison of the microbiome and mycobiome in tissues of the tropical carnivorous epiphytic herb Utricularia jamesoniana Oliv. (Lentibulariaceae)
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Valeria Naranjo-Aguilar, Rebeca Mora-Castro, Jessica Morera-Huertas, Rafael H. Acuña-Castillo, and Keilor Rojas-Jimenez
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bladderworts ,carnivorous plants ,bacteria ,fungi ,microbial diversity ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Background: Utricularia jamesoniana, a small epiphytic plant found in wet tropical forests, stands out for its carnivorous habit, intricate trap system, and small but beautiful and complex flowers. This species remains relatively understudied despite its wide geographical distribution and curious adaptations. Questions: Our aim is to elucidate the composition of bacterial and fungal communities inhabiting both the bladders and leaves of Utricularia jamesoniana, facilitating the comprehension of the physiology and ecological dynamics of this carnivorous species. Methods: In this study, we employed 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing to compare the prokaryotic and fungal communities within leaves and traps of U. jamesoniana. Results: The analysis of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) unveiled notable differences in community composition depending on the plant tissue and type of microorganism. Prokaryotic communities predominantly comprised Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota, featuring genera such as Acidocella, Bradyrhizobium, Ferritrophicum, and Ferrovum. Fungal communities were dominated by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, encompassing representatives of Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Agaricomycetes, as well as ASVs related to Mycosphaerellaceae, Colletotrichum, Aspergillus, and Thanatephorus. We determined that the prokaryotic diversity was higher in the bladders with respect to the leaves. Fungal communities, in turn, were more diverse in leaves than in bladders. Conclusions: This study sheds light on the microbial communities associated with this carnivorous epiphyte and provides valuable insights into the intricate relationships between the plant and its microbial inhabitants across different tissues.
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- 2024
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3. CROP DIVERSITY IMPROVES CARBON, NITROGEN AND SOIL BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS IN AN AGROECOLOGICAL SYSTEM
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Jimena Ortiz, Valeria Faggioli, Martin Zamora, Monica Boccolini, Claudio Lorenzon, Vanesa Pegoraro, and Luciano Gabbarini
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Microbial biomass ,Enzymatic activity ,Microbial diversity ,Agroecology. ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
ABSTRACT Agroecological management is emerging as a promising alternative to current agricultural management, which is associated with deterioration of environmental quality and soil fertility. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the conversion from conventional to agroecological management by analysing soil chemical and microbiological properties. This study was carried out in the Barrow Experimental Farm of the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina, where two treatments were evaluated: agroecological (AE) and conventional (CV) management. Samples were taken at 0 - 10 cm depth, and several soil chemical and microbiological parameters were determined. The AE management resulted in an apparent restoration of soil fertility, with increases in soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and pH of 21%, 16% and 3%, respectively. AE management also led to an increase in the activities of enzymes involved in the carbon cycle: cellobiohydrolase (CBH) and β-glucosidase (BG), nitrogen cycle: N-acetyl-b-glu-cosamine (NAG) and sulfur cycle: arylsulfatase (SUL), as well as an increase in the microbial biomass car-bon and in the diversity and richness of the bacterial community (p
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- 2023
4. The Ecuadorian Microbiome Project: a plea to strengthen microbial genomic research
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Magdalena Díaz, Pablo Jarrín-V, Raquel Simarro, Pablo Castillejo, Gabriela N. Tenea, and C. Alfonso Molina
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microbial diversity ,microbiome ,metagenomics ,biocapital ,bioliteracy ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
A technological revolution provides nations with access to unprecedented quantities of molecular information, and this is particularly evident in the vast and yet poorly understood realm of the microbiome. Traditionally, many developing countries in Asia, Africa, and South America remain marginal participants in the global flow of biodata, which will eventually affect their productivity and economies. Here, we present the Ecuadorian Microbiome Project (EcuMP) as an integrative initiative to close the research gap in the microbiome for Ecuador. We discuss the relevance that the study of the microbiome has for our understanding of diversity and new forms of production and biocapital. We also evaluate the state of research in metagenomics and the microbiome for South America, with emphasis on Ecuador as a small but biodiverse country. In the strict sense of access, understanding, and technological innovation based on molecular data, we propose the definition of bioliteracy. As indirect estimates of bioliteracy, we measured the number of indexed publications, BioProjects, monthly global internet traffic to GenBank, and patent applications in Espacenet. South America has a notable unevenness in scientific productivity related to the microbiome and metagenomics. Brazil leads productivity, with most of the measured parameters remaining one order of magnitude higher than other countries in the region. Participation of South American countries in the global flow of genomic information dwarfs when compared to the US. To reduce the effects of technological dependency and the associated lack of economic productivity, Ecuador should address the technological gap in the study of the microbiome. Our assessment reveals the urgency to translate the study of microbiomes into a source of technological prowess and the basis for local biocapitals.
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- 2021
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5. HPLC METHOD IMPROVEMENT FOR 4-NONYLPHENOL DETERMINATION IN ANAEROBIC REACTORS: DECREASING SOLVENT CONSUMPTION AND WASTE GENERATION
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Henrique S. Dornelles, Fabrício Motteran, Isabel K. Sakamoto, Maria A. T. Adorno, and Maria Bernadete A. Varesche
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endocrine disruptor ,nonionic surfactant ,SPE ,residue ,microbial diversity ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a chromatographic method for 4-NP determination in anaerobic batch reactors using low amount of organic solvents and also evaluate 4-NP degradation in the presence of different co-substrates. Chromatographic parameters was improved for stationary phase (C-8 column), mobile phase (acetonitrile/water solution 90:10, v:v), column temperature (40 ºC), eluent flow (0.8 mL min-1), injection volume (100 µL) and wavelengths in fluorescence detector (FLD) (λex=225 nm and λem=305 nm). Solid phase extraction (SPE) was performed for sample purification with smaller amount of solvents (methanol - 2 mL and ethanol - 1 mL) than previously reported. Reduction in reagent consumption was about 5.5 times for HPLC and about 19 times for SPE, according to previously reported. Method was validated according to the linearity (0.9951), selectivity and limits of detection and quantification were 15.7 µg L-1 and 55.6 µg L-1, respectively. The 4-NP removal in anaerobic batch reactors was higher than 50% (4-NP initial concentration of 398 µg L-1). Fumarate was a better co-substrate to favor methanogenesis in the presence of 4-NP, which provided higher organic matter removal, higher methane production speed and shorter start-up time for methane production.
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- 2020
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6. Origin of broiler carcass condemnations
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José Luiz Muchon, Rodrigo Garófallo Garcia, Érika Rosendo de Sena Gandra, Andrey Sávio de Almeida Assunção, Claudia Marie Komiyama, Fabiana Ribeiro Caldara, Irenilza Alencar Nääs, and Ricardo Antonio dos Santos
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animal production ,broilers ,microbial diversity ,slaughterhouse ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective of the present research was to study the incidence of broiler carcass condemnations over eleven years and identify the productive phase that causes greater loss in slaughter process. The origin of these condemnations was determined before and after fasting. Evaluated broilers were reared in positive pressure warehouses and slaughtered between 28 and 34 days old with carcass weight ranging from 0.7 to 1.4 kg. Fasting occurred, on average, 9 h before the slaughter. Condemnation and slaughter data were collected from 2004 to 2014 in a slaughterhouse with slaughter capacity of 120,000 broilers/day. The causes of rearing condemnations were airsaccullitis, arthritis, abscess, ascites, cachexia, cellulitis, colibacillosis, dermatosis, salpingitis, hemorrhagic syndrome, and neoplasia; and the causes of pre-slaughter and slaughter condemnations were bruising, fracture, inadequate bleeding, excessive scaling, contamination, dehydration, death at the platform, disgusting appearance, and delayed evisceration. The mean values of total and partial condemnations per year, occurrence and proportion of condemnations index (OCI) for every thousand broilers slaughtered, and rates of pre and post-fasting condemnations were calculated. Condemnations rates (%) and OCI were higher after fasting; partial and total contamination stood out, with a frequency of 77% and 30%, respectively, after fasting. Long fasting, uneven lots or unbalanced equipment may cause extravasation of the gastrointestinal contents and contaminate broiler carcasses. Practices such as monitoring fasting and equipment adjustment to broiler carcass size may reduce carcass condemnation incidence.
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- 2019
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7. The human microbiota: the role of microbial communities in health and disease
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Luz Elena Botero Palacio, Luisa Delgado Serrano, Martha Lucía Cepeda Hernández, Patricia Del Portillo Obando, and María Mercedes Zambrano Eder
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16S rRNA gene ,microbial diversity ,microbiome ,diversidad microbiana ,microbioma ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
During the last decade, there has been increasing awareness of the massive number of microorganisms, collectively known as the human microbiota, that are associated with humans. This microbiota outnumbers the host cells by approximately a factor of ten and contains a large repertoire of microbial genome-encoded metabolic processes. The diverse human microbiota and its associated metabolic potential can provide the host with novel functions that can influence host health and disease status in ways that still need to be analyzed. The microbiota varies with age, with features that depend on the body site, host lifestyle and health status. The challenge is therefore to identify and characterize these microbial communities and use this information to learn how they function and how they can influence the host in terms of health and well-being. Here we provide an overview of some of the recent studies involving the human microbiota and about how these communities might affect host health and disease. A special emphasis is given to studies related to tuberculosis, a disease that claims over one million lives each year worldwide and still represents a challenge for control in many countries, including Colombia.
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- 2016
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8. Descargas de aguas subterráneas en la ría de Vigo: conectividad microbiana y biogeoquímica
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Bernal Rodríguez, Cristina and Ibánhez, J. Severino P.
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Connectivity biogeochemical ,Conexión biogeoquímica ,Submarine groundwater discharge ,Microbial diversity ,Diversidad microbiana ,Ria de Vigo (NW Iberian Peninsula) ,Subterranean estuary ,Descargas submarinas de aguas subterránea ,Ría de Vigo (NO Península Ibérica) ,Estuario subterráneo - Abstract
42 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, [EN] Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) refers to any flux of water originated from the seafloor. This includes the discharge of continental groundwater that often occurs through a subsurface mixing zone called subterranean estuary (STE). Previous research has identified significant volumetric SGD in the Ría de Vigo, a highly productive coastal system in the NW of the Iberian Peninsula. Yet, the impact of SGD over the biogeochemistry and microbial ecology of the embayment is still unknown. This study aims to evaluate both the microbial and biogeochemical connectivity between the different aquatic environments of the estuary, with particular attention to groundwater and the SGD. To do this, samples were taken from different water bodies within the ría and its surrounding basin, including surface and deep pore-water samples from two different STEs, surface seawater, riverine water, and continental groundwater samples. Samples were used to determine a complete set of microbial and biogeochemical variables, such as salinity, temperature, inorganic and organic nutrients, carbonate system parameters, radioisotopes, biogases, dissolved organic matter and the taxonomic composition of prokaryotes. The results reveal highly diverse microbial communities, with a higher diversity in STEs compared to inland and coastal waters, probably related to the variety of niches in these transitional ecosystems. Most operational taxonomic units OTUs (approx. 87%) were exclusive from a single environment (river, continental groundwater, coastal surface water, or STE), that’s reveals the microbial connection across the continent- coast is limited, which contrasts with the biogeochemical connectivity observed between continental groundwater and coastal surface water evaluated from the 222Rn used as SGD tracer. Despite the magnitude of the continental SGD in the Ría de Vigo, STEs seem to act as reactive solute boundaries, significantly modifying the composition of the continental SGD and limiting subterranean microbial connectivity in the system. The extraordinary species richness found in STEs suggests the existence of unique biogeochemical conditions in these transition zones, which make STEs important reservoirs of diversity and interfaces of high biogeochemical reactivity, [ES] La descarga submarina de agua subterránea (SGD) se refiere a cualquier flujo de agua a la costa originado en el fondo del mar. Esto incluye la descarga de agua subterránea continental que a menudo ocurre a través de una zona de mezcla subterránea llamada estuario subterráneo (STE). Investigaciones previas han identificado importantes SGD en la Ría de Vigo, zona costera altamente productiva en el NW de la Península Ibérica. Sin embargo, el impacto de las SGD sobre la biogeoquímica y la ecología microbiana de la ría aún se desconoce. En este estudio se pretende evaluar la conectividad tanto microbiana como biogeoquímica entre los diferentes ambientes acuáticos de la ría con particular atención en las aguas subterráneas y la SGD. Para ello, se tomaron muestras de varios cuerpos de agua dentro de la ría y su cuenca circundante, incluidas muestras de agua intersticial superficial y profunda de dos STE diferentes, muestras de agua costera superficial, agua de río y agua subterránea continental. Las muestras se utilizaron para determinar un conjunto completo de variables microbianas y biogeoquímicas, como salinidad, temperatura, nutrientes inorgánicos y orgánicos, parámetros del sistema carbonato, radioisótopos, biogases, materia orgánica disuelta y la composición taxonómica de procariotas. Los resultados revelan comunidades microbianas muy diversas, con una mayor diversidad en los STE en comparación con aguas continentales y costeras, probablemente relacionado con la variedad de nichos en estos ecosistemas de transición. La mayoría de las unidades taxonómicas operativas (OTU) (aprox. 87 %) fueron exclusivas de un solo ambiente (río, agua subterránea continental, agua superficial costera o STE), lo que revela una limitada conexión microbiana a lo largo del continuo continente-costa, lo que contrasta con la conectividad biogeoquímica observada entre las aguas subterráneas continentales y agua superficial costera evaluada a partir del 222Rn utilizado como trazador de SGD. A pesar de la magnitud de la SGD continental en la Ría de Vigo, los STEs parecen actuar como fronteras reactivas de solutos modificando significativamente la composición de la SGD continental y limitando la conectividad microbiana subterránea en el sistema. La extraordinaria riqueza de especies encontrada en los STE sugiere la existencia de condiciones biogeoquímicas únicas en estas zonas de transición, que convierten a los STE en importantes reservorios de diversidad e interfaces de elevada reactividad biogeoquímica
- Published
- 2022
9. Lactose levels in diets for piglets weaned at 21 days of age Níveis de lactose em rações para leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade
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Juliano Pelição Molino, Juarez Lopes Donzele, Rita Flávia Miranda de Oliveira, Aloízio Soares Ferreira, Célia Alencar de Moraes, Douglas Haese, Alysson Saraiva, and João Paulo de Oliveira
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desmama ,diversidade microbiana ,microbiota intestinal ,morfometria de mucosa ,intestinal microbiota ,microbial diversity ,mucosal structure ,weaning ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
With the objective of evaluating levels of lactose in diets for piglets weaned at 21 days of age, it was carried out an experiment with 72 animals, with average weight of 6.12 kg, distributed in a completely randomized block design with four diets (0, 4, 8, and 12% lactose), six replicates, and 3 animals per experimental unit. Animals were fed the experimental diets from 21 to 35 days of age and they were fed a lactose-free basal diet from 36 to 49 days of age. The lactose levels did not affect daily weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion of piglets from 21 to 35 days of age. The use of lactose levels in the diets also did not affect performance of the piglets assessed from 21 to 49 days old. Diets also did not influence villous height, crypt depth and villous:crypt ratio. Lactose resulted in greater diversity and balance of the intestinal microbial community. The Lactobalillus spp. richness increases with the addition of lactose in diet up to the level of 8% in relation to the total number of intestinal microorganisms, which may a possible improvement of intestinal health.Com o objetivo de avaliar níveis de lactose em rações para leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade, foi realizado um experimento com 72 animais com peso inicial médio de 6,10 kg, distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro rações (0, 4, 8 e 12% de lactose), seis repetições e três animais por unidade experimental. Os animais foram alimentados com as rações experimentais no período de 21 a 35 dias de idade e, no período de 36 a 49 dias, receberam uma ração basal isenta de lactose. Os níveis de lactose não afetaram o ganho diário de peso, o consumo diário de ração e a conversão alimentar dos leitões de 21 a 35 dias. O uso de lactose nas rações também não afetou o desempenho dos leitões avaliados dos 21 aos 49 dias de idade. As rações também não influenciaram a altura das vilosidades, a profundidade de criptas e a relação vilosidade:cripta. A lactose proporcionou maior diversidade e equilíbrio da comunidade microbiana intestinal. A riqueza microbiana de Lactobacillus spp. aumenta com a adição de lactose na ração até o nível de 8% em relação ao número total de microrganismos intestinais, o que indica possível melhora da saúde intestinal.
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- 2011
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10. Estudio comparativo de la estructura del bacterioplancton en aguas del Mar Argentino mediante el método de pirosecuenciación 454 tag A comparative study of bacterioplankton structure in Argentinian Sea waters by the 454 - tag pyrosequencing method
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S. R. Peressutti, M. Costagliola, L. F. Artigas, and C. Hozbor
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Diversidad microbiana ,Mar Argentino ,Pirosecuenciación tag ribosomal 454 ,Microbial diversity ,Argentinian Sea ,454 - tag ribosomal pyrosequencing ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
El presente estudio brinda la primera información sobre diversidad y abundancia de las comunidades microbianas en dos ambientes del Mar Argentino obtenida mediante la técnica de pirosecuenciación tag ribosomal 454. Dentro del dominio Bacteria, se observaron más de 4 600 secuencias únicas a partir de 36 188 amplicones de tags y se identificaron 280 filotipos. Además, se detectaron cerca de 2 700 secuencias únicas a partir de más de 47 700 tags pertenecientes al dominio Archaea, lo que definió sólo 5 filotipos diferentes. La distancia de Jaccard presentó valores de 0,6 para bacterias y de 0,2 para arqueas, esto indica mayor diferencia entre las bacterias en los dos sitios. En el ambiente marino los filotipos más dominantes fueron Bacteroidetes Flavobacteriaceae, Proteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria, Proteobacteria Rhodobacteraceae y Proteobacteria Rickettsiales SAR11, mientras que en el estuario predominaron Pseudoalteromonadaceae Pseudoalteromonas, Proteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria, Proteobacteria Shewanella y Proteobacteria Rickettsiales SAR11. Los 2 filotipos de arqueas encontrados en mayor proporción fueron Archaea Euryarchaeota y Archaea Crenarchaeota. Las secuencias tag más numerosas representaron taxa caracterizados previamente, aunque también se halló un elevado número de filotipos de gran diversidad y de baja abundancia, que forman parte de la denominada "biosfera rara", aún no explorada, que pueden tener un papel ecológico crucial.The present study provides the first information about diversity and abundance of microbial communities in two environments of the Argentinian Sea by the 454 - tag pyrosequencing technique. We observed more than 4,600 unique bacterial sequences from 36,188 tag amplicons, forming 280 phylotypes. In addition, nearly 2,700 unique sequences from more than 47,700 tags identified as Archaea, defined only 5 different phylotypes. The Jaccard distance (0.6 for Bacteria and 0.2 for Archaea) indicated higher differences among Bacteria rather than among Archaea in both studied sites. The dominant phylotypes in marine environment were Bacteroidetes Flavobacteriaceae, Proteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria, Proteobacteria Rhodobacteraceae and Proteobacteria Rickettsiales SAR11; and Pseudoalteromonadaceae Pseudoalteromonas, Proteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria, Proteobacteria Shewanella, Proteobacteria Rickettsiales SAR11 in the estuary sampling site. Archaea Euryarchaeota and Archaea Crenarchaeota were the major archaeal phylotypes found. The most abundant tag sequences included previously characterized taxa, although we also retrieved a large number of highly diverse, low-abundant phylotypes which constitute a largely unexplored "rare" biosphere. These microorganisms could have a crucial ecological role.
- Published
- 2010
11. Efetividade de rizóbios e caracterização fenotípica dos isolados que nodulam feijão-caupi em solos da Amazônia Central Effectiveness and phenotypic characterization of cowpea rhizobia isolated from central Amazonian soils
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Aloísio Freitas Chagas Junior, Luiz Antonio de Oliveira, Arlem Nascimento de Oliveira, and André Luiz Willerding
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diversidade microbiana ,ecologia microbiana ,infectividade ,microbial diversity ,microbial ecology ,infectivity ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
O feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata) é uma cultura importante na Amazônia Central, mas os rizóbios associados a essa leguminosa são poucos estudados. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a efetividade e caracterizar fenotipicamente os isolados de rizóbio que nodulam feijão-caupi na região. As populações de rizóbio de Novo Ayrão proporcionaram as maiores produções de matéria seca da parte aérea e total, raiz, número de nódulos e peso dos nódulos secos nas plantas de feijão-caupi; porém, não diferiram do tratamento testemunha com N. Com base nos critérios fenotípicos avaliados, foi possível identificar uma ampla diversidade de populações de rizóbios contidos nos solos da Amazônia.Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is an important legume cultivated in central Amazonia, but its rhizobia have been little studied. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and to characterize phenotypically the population of indigenous rhizobia that infect cowpea in the region. The rhizobia population from Novo Ayrão soils provided the highest shoot, root and total dry matter yields, number of nodules and nodule dry weights in cowpea plants; however, they were not different from those found for the control treatment with N. Based on phenotypic criteria, it was possible to identify a wide diversity of populations of rhizobia contained in Amazonian soils.
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- 2009
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12. Atividade enzimática e perfil da comunidade bacteriana em solo submetido à solarização e biofumigação Enzymatic activity and bacterial community profile in soil under solarization e biofumigation
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Samuel Ribeiro Passos, Fábio Bueno dos Reis Junior, Norma Gouvêa Rumjanek, Ieda de Carvalho Mendes, Miriam Josefina Baptista, and Gustavo Ribeiro Xavier
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beta-glicosidase ,cama-de-frango ,diversidade microbiana ,ecologia microbiana ,manejo do solo ,16S rDNA ,beta-glucosidase ,chicken litter ,microbial diversity ,microbial ecology ,soil management ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da solarização e da biofumigação sobre a comunidade microbiana do solo, por meio da atividade da enzima beta-glicosidase e do perfil do 16S rDNA, determinado com PCR-DGGE. A solarização do solo, com cobertura de plástico, foi feita por períodos de dois, quatro e seis meses, e a biofumigação foi realizada pela incorporação de 2 e 5% (v/v) de cama-de-frango ao solo. Logo após a retirada da cobertura de plástico e aos 30 dias após a remoção, a atividade da beta-glicosidase foi menor em relação ao tratamento não solarizado. Aos 60 dias, não foram mais observadas diferenças entre os tratamentos. A adição de cama-de-frango a 5% estimulou a atividade da beta-glicosidase. O perfil da estrutura da comunidade bacteriana foi influenciado pelo tempo de solarização, independentemente da época da retirada da cobertura de plástico. Não foi observado efeito da adição de cama-de-frango ao solo, no perfil da comunidade. A solarização afeta a atividade da beta-glicosidase, mas esses efeitos não são mais detectáveis após 60 dias da retirada da cobertura de plástico, diferentemente do que foi observado em relação à estrutura da comunidade bacteriana por PCR-DGGE. A biofumigação estimula a atividade da beta-glicosidase, mas não afeta o perfil da comunidade microbiana.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of solarization and biofumigation on the soil microbial communities, by means of beta-glucosidase activity and 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE analyses. Solarization with a plastic covering of the soil took place over two, four and six months, and the soils were biofumigated by the addition of 2 and 5% (v/v) of chicken litter to the soil. Right after the plastic cover removal and after 30 days, beta-glucosidase was lower than in the nonsolarizated control. After 60 days, there were no longer significant differences in beta-glucosidase activity between treatments. The addition of 5% chicken litter stimulated beta-glucosidase activity. Bacterial community profile was influenced by solarization time, regardless of time of plastic cover removal. There was no effect of chicken litter amendments over the bacterial community structure. Solarization affects beta-glucosidase activity but, after 60 days, its effects are no longer detectable, differently of the observed data regarding soil bacterial community structure by PCR-DGGE. Biofumigation stimulates beta-glicosidase activity, but it doesn't affect the bacterial community structure.
- Published
- 2008
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13. Diversity of the genus Listeria in slaughterhouse and factories of the poultry industry
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Artur Smânia Júnior, Roberto Degenhardt, and Miguel Ângelo Pinho
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microbial diversity ,genus Listeria ,food safety ,Science ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
One of the aims of microbial diversity studies is to indicate the structure of a community in a specific place, allowing species identification and population quantification. Food factories need to be monitored for contamination by surface analyses, indicating a possible flux of pathogens in order that they may be interrupted before the contamination of the final product occurs. Combining studies of microbial diversity with contamination control programs, it is possible to identify species and to track possible routes of contamination. The study was restricted to an important bacterium affecting a single sample factory. The genus Listeria comprises six species, and L. monocytogenes is a human pathogenic bacterium. The study pointed to the uninterrupted flux of two species of the genus (L. innocua and L. welshimeri) from possible sources of contamination to points of contact with the final product. However, the bacterium L. monocytogenes was only found at the sources. Concerning genus diversity, a community of 66.07% of L. innocua, 17.86% of L. monocytogenes, 15.18% of L. welshimeri and 0.89% L. grayi murray was identified.
- Published
- 2006
14. Functional diversity of the critical zone microbiota in Torregarcía-Amoladeras coastal plain (Almería, Spain)
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Guillén Sánchez, Claudia, Salinas Bonillo, María Jacoba, and López López, María José
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Microorganismos ,Microbial diversity ,Biodiversidad microbiana ,Saturated zone ,Microorganisms ,Unsaturated zone (vadose zone) ,Ecosistema árido ,Nivel freático ,Suelo ,Soil ,Water table ,Arid ecosystem ,Acuífero ,Aquifer ,Trabajo Fin de Máster de la Universidad de Almería ,Zona saturada ,Zona no saturada (zona vadosa) - Abstract
Resumen: El suelo es uno de los principales componentes del sistema Tierra, pero se ha identificado una zona más amplia, la zona crítica terrestre (ZC), que oscila desde el dosel vegetal hasta la zona saturada. Esta zona proporciona muchos servicios ecosistémicos, y parte son generados por la actividad de los microorganismos que habitan en ella. Sin embargo, dicha actividad se encuentra limitada por la disponibilidad de agua y nutrientes, principalmente el carbono orgánico, que disminuyen en profundidad, siendo este fenómeno más intenso en los drylands, donde, igualmente, la presencia de vegetación es más escasa y afecta, por tanto, a la actividad y diversidad funcional microbiana. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido profundizar en el conocimiento de la diversidad metabólica microbiana de las zonas no saturada y saturada de la ZC en el Parque Natural Cabo de Gata-Níjar (Almería, España). Para ello, se analizaron muestras de profundidades entre 1 y 40 m de ocho puntos de muestreo en lo relativo a su contenido en materia orgánica y actividad metabólica microbiana empleando Biolog Ecoplates. Los resultados demostraron un patrón claro en “V” (disminución en la zona no saturada e incremento en las partes más profundas de la saturada) en la mayoría de variables con la profundidad, lo que estuvo relacionado con la presencia de arcillas; así como importantes diferencias entre las zonas no saturada y saturada. Esos materiales menos porosos retienen mejor la materia orgánica, originando por tanto esa distribución de los parámetros a lo largo de la ZC, pero también influye en algunos casos la presencia de agua en las zonas más profundas, que cohesiona nichos. Sin embargo, estos resultados podrían cambiar debido a los efectos del cambio climático, ya que las comunidades microbianas son muy sensibles a los cambios térmicos. Abstract: Soil is one of the main components of the Earth system, but a wider zone has been discovered, the Earth’s critical zone (CZ), that goes from plant canopy to saturated zone. It gives lots of ecosystem services and part of them are generated by microorganisms’ activity that live on it. However, that activity is limited by water availability and nutrients, mainly organic carbon, that decrease in depth. This phenomenon is more intense in drylands where the presence of vegetation is short and, therefore, affects microbial activity and functional diversity. The main goal of this study is to deepen the knowledge of unsaturated and saturated zones microbial metabolic diversity in the Parque Natural Cabo de Gata-Níjar (Almería, Spain) CZ. In order to do it, samples between 1 and 40 m depth were analysed in eight sampling points regarding organic material content and microbial metabolic activity by using Biolog Ecoplates. The results demonstrated a clear “V” pattern (decrease in unsaturated zone and increase in the deeper parts of the saturated zone) with depth in most of the parameters, in fact, that increase in depth was in the presence of clay; and also important differences between unsaturated and saturated zones were demonstrated. Those less porous materials are better organic material containers, therefore, they give rise to that parameter distribution throughout CZ, although the presence of water in deeper zones affects that distribution too, because it unites niches. Nevertheless, these results could change over time due to climate change effects, because microbial communities are very sensitive to thermal changes
- Published
- 2021
15. Microbial communities and their biogeochemical role in the water column of the oxygen minimum zone in the eastern South Pacific Comunidades microbianas y su rol biogeoquImico en la columna de agua de la zona de mínimo de oxIgeno en el PacIfico Sudoriental
- Author
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Osvaldo Ulloa, Lucy Belmar, Laura Farías, Maribel Castro-González, Alexander Galán, Paris Lavín, Verónica Molina, Salvador Ramírez, Francisco Santibáñez, and Heike Stevens
- Subjects
Zona de mínimo de oxígeno ,diversidad microbiana ,ciclo del nitrógeno ,Oxygen minimum zone ,microbial diversity ,nitrogen cycle ,Oceanography ,GC1-1581 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
In recent years, our group has been studying the microbial communities of the water column associated with the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) off northern Chile and Peru, trying to understand who the main players are in the OMZ biogeochemical cycles and which metabolic strategies they are using. For that, we are combining flow cytometry, molecular techniques and biogeochemical approaches. Most of our work, so far, has focused on microbes capable of doing oxygenic photosynthesis, such as the cyanobacteria, and those involved in the nitrogen cycle, such as the denitrifying, nitrifying and anammox bacteria. We have also started to look at the more general microbial abundance and diversity. In each case, we are finding that the OMZ holds distinct microbial communities, either from a phylogenetic or a functional perspective. In this presentation we will give a summary of our main results.El los último años, nuestro grupo ha estado estudiando las comunidades microbianas de la columna de agua asociada a la zona de mínima de oxígeno (ZMO) frente al norte de Chile y Perú, tratando de entender quienes son los principales involucrados en los ciclos biogeoquímicos de la ZMO y que estrategias metabólicas están utilizando. Para ellos, combinamos técnicas de citometría de flujo, moleculares y aproximaciones biogeoquímicas. La mayor parte de nuestro trabajo, hasta el momento, se ha focalizado en los microbios capaces de realizar fotosíntesis oxigénica, como las cianobacterias, y aquellos involucrados en el ciclo del nitrógeno, como las bacterias desnitrificantes, nitrificantes y anammox. También hemos comenzado a investigar la abundancia y diversidad microbiana en general. En cada caso, estamos encontrando que la ZMO alberga comunidades microbianas propias, ya sea desde una perspectiva filogenética o funcional. En este trabajo presentaremos un resumen de nuestros principales resultados.
- Published
- 2006
16. Aislamiento y estudio de microorganismos endófitos en cultivos de maíz
- Author
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Sanz López, Lorena, Copa Patiño, José Luis, and Copa Patiño, José L.
- Subjects
Agricultura sostenible ,Microbial diversity ,Diversidad microbiana ,Endophytes microorganims ,Sustainable agriculture ,Microorganismos endófitos ,Biocontrol ,PGPM (Microorganismos promotores del crecimiento de las plantas) ,PGPM (Plant growth-promoting microorganims) - Abstract
Los microorganismos endófitos, son aquellos que residen en el interior de las plantas, y tienen múltiples beneficios para el desarrollo y crecimiento de estas. En el presente estudio, se pretende cuantificar la cantidad y diversidad de microorganismos endófitos en el interior de las partes de las plantas (hoja, tallo y raíz) y observar la variación en la cantidad y diversidad de estos con la disponibilidad de agua de las plantas. El estudio se realizó en tres parcelas de maíz (Zea mays), situadas a diferentes distancias del río Tajo. Se valoraron las UFC (Unidad formadora de colonias) por gramo de planta, y se estableció el número de morfotipos diferentes basado en las características visuales de las colonias, su tinción de Gram y la forma de los microorganismos. Los resultados obtenidos mediante herramientas estadísticas indicaron que la mayor cantidad y diversidad microbiana se encontró en la parcela cercana al río y en la raíz de las plantas analizadas. El trabajo realizado pretende contribuir al conocimiento sobre los microorganismos endófitos, con el fin de establecer las relaciones que se establecen entre planta-microorganismo y su posible aplicación en la agricultura sostenible., Endophytic microorganisms are those that reside within plants and have multiple benefits for their development and growth. In this study, it is intended to quantify the amount and diversity of endophytic microorganisms inside plant parts (leaf, stem and root) and observe the variation in the quantity and diversity of these microorganisms with the availability of water inside plants. The study was carried out on three maize (Zea mays) plots, located at different distances from the Tagus River. The CFUs (Colony Forming Unit) per gram of plant were assessed, and the number of different morphtypes was established based on the visual characteristics of the colonies, their Gram stain and the shape of the microorganisms. The results obtained through statistical tools indicated that the greatest amount and diversity of microorganisms was found in the plot near the river and at the root of the plants analyzed. The work carried out is intended to contribute to knowledge about endophytic microorganisms, in order to establish the relationships that are established between plant-microorganism and its possible application in sustainable agriculture., Grado en Ciencias Ambientales
- Published
- 2020
17. determinación de bacteriocinas en muestras de consorcios microbianos nativos de ecosistemas de manglar en el departamento del atlántico, como fuente potencial de nuevos tratamientos biomédicos
- Author
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Aracely García Cuan and Vanessa Galván Carbonó
- Subjects
geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Klebsiella pneumoniae ,proteínas ,Microbial diversity ,Microorganism ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Antimicrobial ,Swamp ,Microbiology ,Bacteriocin ,Mangrove ,Primary productivity ,saturación ,bacteriocinas - Abstract
The mangroves are ecosystems of high primary productivity; they are rich in organic matter and have high microbial diversity. The pressure of the physical conditions of the mangrove ecosystems has been linked to the production of special metabolites and unique molecular structures for microorganisms. Because of the developing of microbial resistance to antimicrobials in the world, it is necessary the research of new solutions that allow to counteract the effect of those pathogens. On this study, I was looking isolate, identify and evaluate the antimicrobial bacteriocins activity produced by native microbial consortia of mangrove swamp at the Mallorquin swamp, against pathogens microorganisms of clinical interest. Mild antimicrobial activity of the extract CN11, CN 8, P4C3, was found against S. aureus ATCC 25923, mild antimicrobial activity of P4C3 extract was found against E. coli BLEE, mild antimicrobial activity of the extracts P4C3 y CN9 against Klebsiella Pneumoniae ATCC 700603; moderate antimicrobial activity for protein extract of CN9 against E. coli ATCC 25922.
- Published
- 2017
18. Human gut microbiota and diet
- Author
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Padrón Pereira, Carlos Alberto
- Subjects
gut bacteria ,diversidad microbiana ,patrones dietéticos ,salud ,healthy foods ,microbial diversity ,dietary patterns ,alimentos saludables ,fibras dietéticas ,health ,dietary fibers ,bacterias intestinales - Abstract
Diet is a factor driving the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota, and macronutrients have a great impact on microbiota. Dietary non-digestible carbohydrate can produce marked changes in the gut microbiota, dietary fibers are major drivers of gut microbiota composition and function, stimulating the dominance of bacteria able to utilize these substrates as energy source, but these effects depend on both the type of fiber and the initial composition of an individual’s gut microbiota. Protein metabolism by gut microbiota results in additional products, some of which are potentially harmful to host health. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria are the three major phyla that inhabit the human large intestine. The genera Bacteroides is associated with meat-based diets, the families Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae are associated with diets rich in complex plant polysaccharides, and the genera Prevotella is associated with diets high in sugar but low in fat and protein. Diet can be used to modulate the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota. One dietary strategy for modulating the microbiota is consumption of dietary fiber and prebiotics. This review aims at describing knowledge about gut microbiota, oriented towards a use of diet to provide benefits to human health. La dieta es un factor que impulsa la composición y el metabolismo de la microbiota intestinal (M-I), y los macronutrientes ejercen un gran impacto en la (M-I). Los carbohidratos no digeribles pueden producir marcados cambios en la (M-I), las fibras dietéticas son los principales impulsores de la composición y función de la (M-I), permiten estimular el predominio de una (M-I) capaz de utilizar estos sustratos como fuente de energía, pero estos efectos dependen tanto del tipo de fibra como de la composición inicial de la (M-I) de un individuo. El metabolismo proteico por la (M-I) da como resultado productos adicionales, algunos de los cuales son potencialmente dañinos para la salud del huésped. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes y Actinobacteria son los tres filos principales que habitan en el intestino grueso humano. El género Bacteroides se asocia con dietas basadas en carne, las familias Ruminococcaceae y Lachnospiraceae con dietas ricas en polisacáridos complejos de plantas y el género Prevotella con dietas altas en azúcar pero bajas en grasas y proteínas. La dieta puede usarse para modular la composición y el metabolismo de la (M-I). Una estrategia dietética para modular (M-I) es el consumo de fibra dietética y prebióticos. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo describir conocimiento sobre la (M-I), orientado hacia un uso de la dieta para proporcionar beneficios a la salud humana.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. [Effect of winter cover crops on the soil microbiome: a systematic literature review].
- Author
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Morales ME, Iocoli GA, Villamil MB, and Zabaloy MC
- Subjects
- Agriculture methods, Crops, Agricultural, Soil Microbiology, Microbiota, Soil
- Abstract
The inclusion of winter cover crops (WCC) in no-till (NT) systems in replacement of bare fallow is a promising alternative to improve soil health and consequently, contribute to environmental sustainability of agricultural systems. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of the use of WCC in rotation with summer cash crops under NT systems on the soil microbiome versus bare fallows. A systematic literature search was conducted to evaluate the impact of WCC on microbial parameters indicative of abundance, activity and diversity. Twenty-two papers were selected based on seven combined criteria. The results of this review show that enzyme activities in soil are enhanced with the inclusion of WCC in the rotation, particularly those that include legumes and mix of species. In general, more than half of the analyzed papers report higher microbial biomass in soils with WCC than in bare fallow. Interestingly, the effects of WCC on microbial parameters are independent of the duration of the experiments. However, more basic research is necessary to reduce the heterogeneity of the studies and to better understand the complexity of the interactions between WCC and the soil microbiome., (Copyright © 2021 Asociación Argentina de Microbiología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. La asociación de la microbiota humana con la inmunoglobulina A y su participación en la respuesta inmunológica
- Author
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Erick Sánchez-Salguero and Leopoldo Santos-Argumedo
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Allergy ,Medicina ,Microbial diversity ,Microbiota ,Piel y mucosa ,Human microbiome ,Alergia ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Immune system ,Inmunidad ,Immunity ,Interaction with host ,Secreción de immunoglobulin A ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Secretory IgA ,Function (biology) - Abstract
La microbiota humana es el conjunto de microorganismos que residen en nuestro cuerpo. Su composición filogenética está relacionada con el riesgo de padecer enfermedades inflamatorias y cuadros alérgicos. Los humanos interaccionamos con una gran cantidad y variedad de estos microorganismos a través de la piel y las mucosas. Un mecanismo de protección inmunológica es la producción de la IgA secretora (IgAS), que reconoce los microorganismos patógenos residentes y evita su interacción con las células epiteliales del hospedero mediante la exclusión inmunológica. Se creía que la única función de la IgAS en las mucosas era reconocer y excluir a los patógenos, pero gracias a la secuenciación masiva para la caracterización filogenética de la microbiota humana ahora sabemos que puede estar asociada con microorganismos patógenos y no patógenos, asociación importante para las funciones que la microbiota lleva a cabo en los epitelios: regulación de la capacidad de ciertas especies microbianas para establecerse en la piel y en las mucosas, estimulación y regulación de la respuesta inmunológica, del riesgo de desarrollar problemas inflamatorios, cuadros alérgicos, enfermedades autoinmunes e, incluso, cáncer. La microbiota establecida determina las especies bacterianas (y probablemente también virales y de protozoarios) que residen en la piel y en las mucosas, promoviendo la diversidad microbiana.
- Published
- 2018
21. DIVERSIDAD BACTERIANA ASOCIADA A BIOPELÍCULAS ANÓDICAS EN CELDAS DE COMBUSTIBLE MICROBIANAS ALIMENTADAS CON AGUAS RESIDUALES
- Author
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Alexander Mora Collazos and Enrique Bravo Montaño
- Subjects
ARNr 16S ,generación de energía ,diversidad bacteriana ,microscopia electrónica de barrido ,aguas residuales ,microbial fuel cell ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,microbial diversity ,electricity generation ,celdas de combustible microbianas ,16S rRNA ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,wastewater ,scanning electron microscopy - Abstract
RESUMEN. El presente trabajo evaluó la diversidad bacteriana asociada a las biopelículas formadas sobre los ánodos de celdas de combustible microbianas, por medio del análisis del gen del ARNr 16S y observaciones por microscopía electrónica de barrido. Se construyeron celdas de combustible microbianas de una cámara que permanecieron en operación durante 30 días utilizando muestras ambientales como inóculo y único sustrato energético; las celdas fueron monitoreadas en función de la producción de energía durante el desarrollo del experimento; al finalizar los ensayos, se realizó la caracterización molecular y observaciones mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido a las biopelículas formadas. Se reportan valores de densidad de potencia máxima de 4,85 mW/m² para el agua residual doméstica y de 1,85 mW/m² para el caso del agua residual industrial, con disminuciones de 71 % de la DBO para el agua residual doméstica y de 59 % de la DBO para el caso del agua residual industrial. Se logró la recuperación de 15 secuencias únicas provenientes de la amplificación del gen del ARNr 16S obtenidas a partir de las biopelículas formadas sobre los ánodos. El análisis filogenético ubicó estas secuencias en la clase Deltaproteobacteria. Los dos sustratos ambientales contienen una importante e interesante diversidad microbiana, mostrándolos promisorios para la construcción y operación de MFC y la implementación de procesos de biodegradación de materia orgánica. ABSTRACT. This study evaluated the bacterial diversity associated with biofilms formed on the anode of microbial fuel cells (MFC), by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene and observations by scanning electron microscopy. Single chambered MFC were constructed and kept in operation for 30 days using environmental samples as inoculum and sole energy substrate; the MFC were monitored as a function of energy production in the course of the experiment; at endpoint, molecular characterization and observations using scanning electron microscopy was performed to the formed biofilms. Values of maximum power density of 4.85 mW/m2 for domestic wastewater and 1.85 mW/m2 in the case of industrial wastewater are reported, with declines of 71 % of the BOD for domestic wastewater and 59 % of the BOD in the case of industrial wastewater. Recovery of 15 unique sequences from the amplification of 16S rRNA gene obtained from the biofilms formed on the anodes was accomplished. Phylogenetic analysis placed these sequences in the Deltaproteobacteria class. The two environmental substrates contain an important and interesting microbial diversity, showing them very promising for the construction and operation of MFC and implementing biodegradation of organic material.
- Published
- 2017
22. Caracterización de la diversidad y predicción del potencial genético funcional de las comunidades microbianas asociadas a la rizósfera del mangle negro (Avicennia germinans) en un gradiente de salinidad de La Guajira
- Author
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Figueroa Galvis, Ingrid Paola, Aristizábal Gutiérrez, Fabio Ancízar (Thesis advisor), and Vanegas Guerrero, Javier
- Subjects
Manglar ,Microbial diversity ,Diversidad microbiana ,Rhizosphere ,57 Ciencias de la vida ,Biología / Life sciences ,biology ,Rizósfera ,16S rRNA ,Mangrove ,55 Ciencias de la tierra / Earth sciences and geology ,Avicennia germinans - Abstract
Los suelos de manglar poseen una alta actividad microbiana, la cual se encarga de realizar el ciclaje de nutrientes y asimismo sustenta la cadena trófica. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo fue identificar la diversidad y predecir el potencial genético funcional de las comunidades microbianas, presentes en el suelo rizosférico del mangle negro (Avicennia germinans), a lo largo del gradiente de salinidad. El lugar de estudio se ubicó en el manglar de la desembocadura del río Ranchería, en el departamento de La Guajira. El trabajo se dividió en tres objetivos: 1. Determinar la diversidad de microorganismos presentes en las tres zonas de muestreo mediante la secuenciación del gen 16S rRNA. 2. Evalular del efecto de las características fisicoquímicas del suelo sobre la diversidad taxonómica de las comunidades microbianas. 3. Predecir el potencial funcional microbiano, utilizando el software PICRUSt. Se identificó la diversidad y estructura de la comunidad de bacterias y archaeas, siendo la abundancia de bacterias más alta. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en 161 especies bacterianas a lo largo del gradiente de salinidad del suelo. Las variables fisicoquímicas del suelo carbono orgánico, arcilla y salinidad afectaron la distribución de OTUs. Mediante la predicción PICRUSt se identificaron diferencias significativas en los genes betA, betB, otsA, otsB, otsA otsB y proB relacionados a tolerancia al estrés por salinidad. En conclusión, este trabajo presenta una visión de la diversidad microbiana presente en un manglar de La Guajira, las variables ambientales que afectan la diversidad y la predicción de funciones metabólicas que se pudieran estar llevarse a cabo. Abstract. Mangrove soils have high microbial activity, and these microbes perform nutrient cycling that supports food webs. The aim of the study was to identify microbial diversity and predict functional genetic potential of the microbial communities in the rhizosphere of black mangrove (Avicennia germinans), taking into account the salinity gradient. The location of soil samples was at the Brazo Riíto's mangrove, Ranchería river, La Guajira. The thesis is divided into three objectives: 1. Determinate microbial diversity present in the three sampling sites through gen 16S rRNA sequencing. 2. Evaluate the effect of physicochemical factors from soil into taxonomic diversity of microbial communities. 3. Predict functional potential microbial, by using PICRUSt software. Significant differences were found in 161 species along soil gradient salinity. Soil physicochemical variables such as organic carbon, clay and salinity affected the OTUs distribution. Through the PICRUSt prediction we identified significant differences genes such as betA, betB, otsA, otsB, otsA otsB y proB related to salinity stress tolerance. This work presents a vision of the microbial diversity present in the mangrove of La Guajira, the environmental variables that affect the diversity and the prediction of the metabolic functions that can be carrying out. Maestría
- Published
- 2017
23. Diversidad bacteriana asociada a biopelículas anódicas en celdas de combustible microbianas alimentadas con aguas residuales
- Author
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Enrique Bravo Montaño and Alexander Mora Collazos
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,ARNr 16S ,generación de energía ,diversidad bacteriana ,microscopia electrónica de barrido ,57 Ciencias de la vida ,Biología / Life sciences ,biology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,aguas residuales ,microbial fuel cell ,010608 biotechnology ,microbial diversity ,electricity generation ,wastewater ,16S rRNA ,celdas de combustible microbianas ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,scanning electron microscopy ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
El presente trabajo evaluó la diversidad bacteriana asociada a las biopelículas formadas sobre los ánodos de celdas de combustible microbianas, por medio del análisis del gen del ARNr 16S y observaciones por microscopía electrónica de barrido. Se construyeron celdas de combustible microbianas de una cámara que permanecieron en operación durante 30 días utilizando muestras ambientales como inóculo y único sustrato energético; las celdas fueron monitoreadas en función de la producción de energía durante el desarrollo del experimento; al finalizar los ensayos, se realizó la caracterización molecular y observaciones mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido a las biopelículas formadas. Se reportan valores de densidad de potencia máxima de 4,85 mW/m2 para el agua residual doméstica y de 1,85 mW/m2 para el caso del agua residual industrial, con disminuciones de 71 % de la DBO para el agua residual doméstica y de 59 % de la DBO para el caso del agua residual industrial. Se logró la recuperación de 15 secuencias únicas provenientes de la amplificación del gen del ARNr 16S obtenidas a partir de las biopelículas formadas sobre los ánodos. El análisis filogenético ubicó estas secuencias en la clase Deltaproteobacteria. Los dos sustratos ambientales contienen una importante e interesante diversidad microbiana, mostrándolos promisorios para la construcción y operación de MFC y la implementación de procesos de biodegradación de materia orgánica. This study evaluated the bacterial diversity associated with biofilms formed on the anode of microbial fuel cells (MFC), by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene and observations by scanning electron microscopy. Single chambered MFC were constructed and kept in operation for 30 days using environmental samples as inoculum and sole energy substrate; the MFC were monitored as a function of energy production in the course of the experiment; at endpoint, molecular characterization and observations using scanning electron microscopy was performed to the formed biofilms. Values of maximum power density of 4.85 mW/m2 for domestic wastewater and 1.85 mW/m2 in the case of industrial wastewater are reported, with declines of 71 % of the BOD for domestic wastewater and 59 % of the BOD in the case of industrial wastewater. Recovery of 15 unique sequences from the amplification of 16S rRNA gene obtained from the biofilms formed on the anodes was accomplished. Phylogenetic analysis placed these sequences in the Deltaproteobacteria class. The two environmental substrates contain an important and interesting microbial diversity, showing them very promising for the construction and operation of MFC and implementing biodegradation of organic material.
- Published
- 2017
24. Overview of Metagenomics for Marine Biodiversity Research
- Author
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Barton E. Slatko
- Subjects
Ecology ,Microbial diversity ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Ecology (disciplines) ,Biology ,Data science ,Marine biodiversity ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,lcsh:H ,Goods and services ,Microbial ecology ,Metagenomics ,lcsh:Q ,lcsh:Science ,Diversity (politics) ,media_common - Abstract
We are in the midst of the fastest growing revolution in molecular biology, perhaps in all of life science, and it appears to be speeding up. We still know very little about the vast diversity of micro-organisms, their metabolic pathways and microbial activity in natural environments. Modern genomic tools are providing deep access to natural microbial diversity and ecology. Interdisciplinary approaches will be required to fully understand microbial ecology by: (1) analysis of genomes, transcriptomes, proteomes and metabolomes and (2) analysis at various levels of individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems. Data gathered is not only theoretical. It holds the promise of practical applications in the control of infectious diseases, in the production of biotechnology goods and services and in environmental remediation. It is an incredibly exciting time in science for the newer generation of scientists, “loaded” with opportunities. It is an excellent time to develop and apply tools to solve problems of local and global importance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/encuentro.v0i93.914 Encuentro No. 93, 117-125, 2012
- Published
- 2012
25. The human microbiota: the role of microbial communities in health and disease
- Author
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María Mercedes Zambrano Eder, Martha Lucía Cepeda Hernández, Patricia Del Portillo Obando, Luz E. Botero, and Luisa Delgado-Serrano
- Subjects
Disease status ,Host (biology) ,Ecology ,Human microbiome ,57 Ciencias de la vida ,Biología / Life sciences ,biology ,microbiome ,Disease ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,Biology ,microbioma ,16S ARNr ,diversidad microbiana ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Metabolic potential ,microbial diversity ,16S rRNA gene ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 - Abstract
During the last decade, there has been increasing awareness of the massive number of microorganisms, collectively known as the human microbiota, that are associated with humans. This microbiota outnumbers the host cells by approximately a factor of ten and contains a large repertoire of microbial genome-encoded metabolic processes. The diverse human microbiota and its associated metabolic potential can provide the host with novel functions that can influence host health and disease status in ways that still need to be analyzed. The microbiota varies with age, with features that depend on the body site, host lifestyle and health status. The challenge is therefore to identify and characterize these microbial communities and use this information to learn how they function and how they can influence the host in terms of health and well-being. Here we provide an overview of some of the recent studies involving the human microbiota and about how these communities might affect host health and disease. A special emphasis is given to studies related to tuberculosis, a disease that claims over one million lives each year worldwide and still represents a challenge for control in many countries, including Colombia. En las últimas décadas ha incrementado nuestro conocimiento sobre la gran cantidad de microorganismos que conviven con nosotros, comunidades que colectivamente se conocen como la microbiota humana. El número de microorganismos que conforman la microbiota supera el número de células del cuerpo humano por un factor de diez aproximadamente y aporta un gran repertorio de genes y procesos metabólicos. La diversidad de la microbiota humana y su potencial metabólico brindan al hospedero una serie de funciones que complementan sus procesos y a su vez pueden influir sobre la salud del ser humano en formas que apenas se empiezan a conocer. La microbiota varía desde el nacimiento hasta la vejez del individuo, con características que dependen del sitio corporal, del estilo de vida y del estado de salud del hospedero. El reto actual es aprovechar el conocimiento derivado de la identificación y caracterización de estas comunidades microbianas para entender cómo funcionan estos microorganismos y cómo pueden influir de forma positiva o negativa sobre la salud del humano. En este documento ofrecemos una revisión general de algunos estudios recientes sobre la microbiota humana y su posible efecto en el hospedero en términos de salud y bienestar. Igualmente, se mencionan estudios sobre microbiota y su posible asociación con la tuberculosis, una enfermedad que todavía cobra más de un millón de vidas anualmente a nivel mundial y cuyo control todavía representa un gran reto en varios países del mundo, incluido Colombia.
- Published
- 2016
26. Manantiales salinos: inventarios de la diversidad metabólica y filogenética de microorganismos de ambientes salinos
- Author
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Díaz-Cárdenas, Carolina and Baena, Sandra
- Subjects
diversidad microbiana ,manantiales salinos ,microbial diversity ,Saline springs ,halophilic bacteria ,halotolerantes ,halotolerant bacteria ,bacterias halófilas - Abstract
Los manantiales salinos terrestres son hábitats con una gran diversidad de especies microbianas, pero el conocimiento de dicha diversidad en el país es escaso. Se seleccionaron tres manantiales salinos ubicados en el sistema montañoso de los Andes colombianos para su estudio en el marco del programa de investigación en ecología y diversidad de manantiales salinos y termales. Estos manantiales, con un contenido total de sólidos disueltos de 20 a 54 g/L, fluyen a partir de aguas subterráneas antiguas y su régimen hidrológico no está directamente relacionado con recargas pluviométricas recientes. Presentaron composiciones fisicoquímicas diferentes: en las muestras de agua provenientes de los manantiales Salado de Consotá y La Cristalina se registró un alto contenido de cloro, sodio y calcio, en tanto que las aguas provenientes del manantial Salpa se caracterizaron por una gran concentración de sodio, potasio y sulfato. La composición de las comunidades bacterianas se analizó con base en diferentes aproximaciones para generar inventarios de diversidad biológica. Los resultados indicaron que los tres manantiales albergan una comunidad bacteriana constituida en su mayoría por organismos Gram-negativos, móviles, heterotróficos y litotróficos, halotolerantes y halófilos, algunos de los cuales han sido reportados previamente en ambientes marinos. La mayoría de los organismos aislados pertenecía a la gamaproteobacteria y alfaproteobacteria, aunque las diferencias en la composición microbiana de cada manantial fueron evidentes. El estudio demostró que estos manantiales son hábitat de nuevas variedades taxonómicas como se deduce de las especies bacterianas caracterizadas. Terrestrial saline springs are habitats of a high diversity of microbial species, but knowledge of this diversity is scarce in our country. We have chosen to study three saline springs as part of our research program on the ecology and diversity of halophilic and thermophilic microorganisms. The saline springs are located on the Andes mountain range, their content of total dissolved solids is 20-54 g/L, they flow from ancient groundwater, and their water regime is not directly related to recent rainfall recharges. They exhibited different physicochemical compositions: the water samples from the Salado de Consotá and La Cristalina springs showed a high content of chlorine, sodium and calcium, while those from the Salpa spring were characterized by high concentrations of sodium, potassium and sulfate. The composition of microbial communities was analyzed using different approaches to generate biodiversity inventories. The results indicated that these springs harbor a microbial community made up mostly of Gram-negative, motile, litotrophic, heterotrophic, halotolerant and halophilic microorganisms, some of which have been previously reported in marine environments. Most isolated microorganisms belonged to the Gamma and Alphaproteobacteria classes, but differences in the microbial composition of each spring were evident. Our study revealed that these springs are a source of new taxonomic diversity as shown by the newly characterized bacterial species.
- Published
- 2015
27. Comparación de la estructura y diversidad de las comunidades de bacterias y hongos rizosféricos de cuatro zonas arroceras de los departamentos Tolima y Meta
- Author
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Landazábal Cuervo, Giovanna Andrea and Uribe Vélez, Daniel
- Subjects
63 Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas / Agriculture ,Microbial diversity ,Fungal community structure ,Diversidad microbiana ,Cultivo de arroz comercial ,Commercial rice crop ,57 Ciencias de la vida ,Biología / Life sciences ,biology ,Bacterial community structure ,Estructura comunidad de hongos ,DGGE ,Estructura comunidad bacteriana - Abstract
El deterioro de los suelos agrícolas, representado principalmente en la erosión, pérdida de fertilidad y contaminación con diferente tipo de sustancias, ha generado una disminución en la productividad y sostenibilidad de muchos agroecosistemas a largo plazo. Este fenómeno ha despertado en los últimos 15 años, una preocupación e interés creciente por evaluar el impacto de las prácticas agrícolas sobre las comunidades microbianas edáficas en relación con la función ecológica del suelo en agroecosistemas específicos. Estudios llevados a cabo con este fin, han demostrado que la actividad, diversidad y estructura de las comunidades microbianas son afectadas por diferentes prácticas de manejo y uso del suelo (Kennedy, 1999; Shannon et al., 2002; Nannipieri, et al., 2003; Garbeva et al., 2004; Bossio et al. 2005; Zheng et al., 2007) y han discutido la importancia de utilizar la información de la estructura y diversidad genética y/o funcional de las comunidades microbianas de agroecosistemas específicos, como indicadores de la calidad y el funcionamiento de los suelos y de la productividad y sostenibilidad de dichos agroecosistemas en el tiempo. (Nielsen and Winding, 2002; Nannipieri et al., 2003; Garbeva et al., 2004; Bossio et al., 2005). En Colombia, el cultivo intensivo de arroz, el tercero más importante en términos de área sembrada (Espinal et al., 2005), ha conducido a un deterioro progresivo de los suelos, que se ve reflejado en la reducción en los niveles de producción (Fedearroz, 2000). El presente trabajo comparó la estructura y diversidad de las comunidades de bacterias y hongos, mediante la técnica de electroforesis en gel con gradiente denaturante (DGGE), de suelos rizosféricos de 16 fincas de cuatro regiones arroceras del Tolima y Meta, las cuales abarcan alrededor del 70% de la producción arrocera del país y presentan condiciones contrastantes desde el punto de vista de fertilidad, características fisicoquímicas del suelo y sistemas de siembra del cultivo. Mediante análisis de cluster y análisis de componentes principales (ACP), se identificaron las variables, fisicoquímicas y/o de manejo, que influyeron en la estructura y diversidad de las comunidades, lo que permitió concluir que en estos sistemas productivos la comunidad bacteriana edáfica es modelada en primer lugar por las propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo y en segundo lugar por el sistema de siembra del cultivo, lo cual sugiere la importancia de considerar las características físico-químicas del suelo en la aplicación de enmiendas de origen biológico que busquen mejorar la fertilización de los cultivos de arroz. Abstract. The deterioration of agricultural soils, mainly represented by the erosion, loss of fertility and contamination with different types of substances, has resulted in decreased productivity and sustainability of many long-term agroecosystems. This phenomenon has increased the interest to assess the impact of agricultural practices on soil microbial communities in relation to soil ecological function in specific agroecosystems. Studies carried out for this purpose, have shown that the activity, diversity and structure of microbial communities are affected by different management practices and land use (Kennedy, 1999, Shannon, et al. 2002; Nannipieri et al., 2003; Garbeva et al., 2004; Bossio et al., 2005; Zheng et al., 2007). In Colombia, the intensive cultivation of rice, the third largest crop in terms of area planted (Espinal et al., 2005), has led to a progressive deterioration of the soil, which is reflected in the reduction in rice production levels (Fedearroz, 2000) . This study compared the structure and diversity of rizhospheric bacterial and fungal communities, using the technique of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), of 16 rice crops farms, which cover about 70% of the country's rice production and have contrasting conditions from the point of view of fertility, physical-chemical characteristics and the irrigated and upland rice production system. The cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the structure and diversity of rizhospheric bacterial communities were influencing by the physicochemical properties the soils and rice production system. This suggests the importance of take in the consideration the physical-chemical soil properties in the application of biological amendments to improve the fertilization of rice crops. Maestría
- Published
- 2013
28. Protección de la biodiversidad del bentos para asegurar procesamiento de materia orgánica y servicios del ecosistema: importancia de los invertebrados fragmentadores en redes de drenaje
- Author
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Covich, Alan P.
- Subjects
Connectivity ,Microbial diversity ,Revistas ,Conectividad ,Redundancia de especies ,Red de drenaje ,Ontogenetic shifts ,Perturbación ,Disturbance ,Processing chains ,Cadenas de procesamiento ,Diversidad microbiana ,Desplazamientos ontogenéticos ,Pérdida de especies ,Species redundancy ,Species loss ,Drainage network - Abstract
109-127 alanc@uga.edu semestral Referencia analítica
- Published
- 2006
29. Sonda oro-ruminal experimental como alternativa para la obtención de microorganismos anaeróbicos del rumen
- Author
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Solains Cañón, Edward Pérez, Elizabeth Martín, Fernando de Souza Rodriguez, and Jorge Alberto Rodríguez
- Subjects
Suction (medicine) ,Genética y mejoramiento animal - L10 ,Microbial diversity ,Bacterias del rumen ,Microorganismos del rumen ,Biology ,Abomasum ,Microbiology ,Rumen ,Microbial ecosystem ,Animal science ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Ecosistema ,Ganadería y especies menores ,Acidosis ,Bacteria anaerobia - Abstract
sumarios (En, Es)Los estudios del ecosistema microbiano ruminal han requerido tradicionalmente la utilización de animales canulados. Los elevados costos de la cirugía y del mantenimiento de los animales han limitado a muchos laboratorios para acceder con facilidad a las muestras de rumen y explorar la diversidad microbiana que se encuentra en ellas. Métodos como la utilización de sondas oro-ruminales han sido empleados para hacer transfaunaciones de animales saludables a otros con desórdenes digestivos y enfermedades metabólicas. También han sido utilizadas en el diagnóstico de varias enfermedades como el síndrome de reflujo del abomaso, la acidosis láctica aguda, la acidosis crónico-latente, la putrefacción y la inactividad microbial. El dispositivo reportado más antiguo en sondas oro-ruminales fue usado por Pounden en 1954 y consistía en un tubo simple que atravesaba desde la boca o la nariz hasta el rumen. Posteriormente se incluyó una jeringa grande para succionar el flujo de líquido ruminal, algunas veces utilizando aditamentos de succión perforados y fabricados en metal. Otra técnica que ha permitido obtener pequeñas cantidades de fluido ruminal es la aspiración caudo-ventral del rumen mediante la utilización de una jeringa simple. Aunque la rumenocentesis, como se conoce este procedimiento, conlleva riesgos de producir en el animal una peritonitis localizada, es actualmente uno de los métodos más utilizados en hatos lecheros de alta producción para monitorear los cambios bruscos y frecuentes de pH usualmente asociados con lactoacidosis. En este estudio se propone la utilización de una sonda oro-ruminal para obtener muestras de contenido ruminal de animales no canulados, y su utiliza-ción en el aislamiento de microorganismos anaerobios obligados.;A fin de continuar los estudios orientados al conocimiento de los microorganismos del tracto gastrointestinal e incrementar la colección de bacterias y hongos ruminales de las razas criollas colombianas del Banco de Germoplasma de CORPOICA se creyó necesario diseñar, probar e implementar esta sonda oro ruminal.
- Published
- 2005
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