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Crossing Genres and Fields

In this article, I consider the retrieval of cultural, socio-historical, and literary information that is always implicit in the edition of New Spain's poetic works and, specifically, of certain texts included in the first 54 folios of Poemas varios. This manuscript eas compiled by the friar Juan Antonio de Segura Troncoso (18th century, manuscript #1595 of the Biblioteca Nacional de México’s Fondo Reservado), and it contains the literary production of the Academia Poética Guadalupana that was written during Segura’s time as president of this literary group. We propose that the understanding of these poems can be facilitated, to a great extent, through the recuperation of cultural, historical, and poetic traditions from that era. We offer multiple examples to demonstrate that the interpretation of this poetry is enriched precisely by researching, studying, and understanding such traditions.

Abstract: Travel is often thought to be an adventure, an exploration, a way of knowing self and world, a break from the stresses of everyday life, a vacation. But there can be a dark side to travel, as in voyages that are part of invasion, conflict and enforced transport. Here, I wish to concentrate on conflict, domination, murder and genocide and do so, at various moments, by referring to the Norse sagas, including the encounter with the Skrælings in the New World and, more briefly, Columbus’ and the Spaniards’ violent treatment of the Natives in the New World and the German transport, torture and murder of Jews in the Shoah, or Holocaust.

Intrinsecamente legata alla storia dell’arte e dell’architettura, la biografia rappresenta una sfida per i medievisti. Il problema che si pone non riguarda l’assenza di nomi ma il fatto che di rado essi siano congiunti a una vita. La storiografia è solita comparare più contesti nel tentativo di rintracciare elementi caratterizzanti una committenza che si possano poi applicare altrove. In questo saggio intendo procedere in senso opposto, partendo cioè dagli indizi forniti dallo stesso monumento – la chiesa monastica di Sant’Elia – per arrivare alla biografia del suo committente: tale approccio consente una riflessione teorica e pratica sul metodo dello studio biografico per il medioevo.

The article is about theory and practice in Shakespeare, but while he used the word “practice,” he never employed the term “theory.” After discussing practice a little, I shall examine how Shakespeare refers to poetry and poets, philosophy and philosophers with some brief connections with art, theatre, music, painting and mimesis. Shakespeare showed no inclination for criticism or theory in essays or non-fiction prose, but, as can be seen, for instance, in Hamlet’s instructions to the players, his work, poetry and plays, contain if not a theory of art, theatre and poetry at least some representations of and reflections on such matters by speakers, narrators and characters.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) indicators and physical activity and overweight/obesity in children. Methods: 485 children wore accelerometers for 7 days. Variables included time in sedentary behavior and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and steps/day. Children were further categorized as meeting or not meeting guidelines of ≥60min/day MVPA and ≥12,000 steps/day. Body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%) were measured using bioelectrical impedance. Overweight/obesity was defined as BMI >+1 SD and BF% ≥85th percentile. Parents answered questionnaires that questioned total annual household income, parental education level, parental employment status and automobile ownership. Results: Children averaged 59.5min/day in MVPA (44.1% met MVPA guidelines), and 9639 steps/day (18.4% met steps/day guidelines). 45.4% and 33% were overweight/obese classified by BMI and BF% respectively. Higher relative total annual household income level (Odds Ratio 0.31; 95% confidence interval=0.15-0.65), and relatively higher maternal (OR=0.38; 95%CI=0.20-0.72) and paternal (OR=0.36; 95%CI=0.17-0.75) education levels were associated with lower odds of children meeting MVPA guidelines. Household automobile ownership was associated with lower odds of children meeting MVPA (OR=0.48; 95%CI=0.31-0.75) and steps/day guidelines (OR=0.44; 95%CI=0.26-0.74). Conclusions: SES indicators were not associated with overweight/obesity, but higher SES was associated with lower odds of children meeting MVPA guidelines.

Resumo:Preocupações sociais e ideologias são refletidas (1) em nossa escolha de assunto ou repertório, (2) em nossas tentativas conscientes de colocar indivíduos e repertórios em contextos históricos e culturais concretos, e (3) em paradigmas e pressupostos sobre os quais elaboramos nossos vários argumentos e narrativas (progresso, o 'grande homem,' a nação, marxismo, feminismo). Como podem acadêmicos de musicologia agir de maneira responsável com alunos, corpo docente auxiliar e colegas pesquisadores (incluindo aqueles que estão buscando novas abordagens)? Em quais situações não-musicológicas poderiam estes acadêmicos ajudar a construir políticas sociais e culturais? Este texto foi originalmente publicado como o capítulo 22 de: COOK, Nicholas; EVERIST, Mark (eds.). Rethinking Music. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. p.499-530. ISBN10: 0-19-879003-1 (hbk); ISBN10: 0-19-879004-X (pbk); ISBN13: 978-0-19-879004-4. A tradução respeitou a estrutura original do texto e das notas de rodapé.

Montaigne and Las Casas are important thinkers and writers, as are many others, including Shakespeare, as a poet, whose work is complex enough in its modernity that it would be hard to condemn him as a poet as Plato did Homer. Aristotle analyzed Greek tragedy to see how it worked in terms of a framework of anagnorisis and catharsis, that is, recognition and the purging of pity and terror. Shakespeare revisits and reshapes Homer in Troilus and Cressida and remakes Plutarch in Julius Caesar and Antony and Cleopatra while playing on the classical epic and mythological themes in Venus and Adonis and Rape of Lucrece. Plato, a poet as well as a philosopher, and a great writer if one does not like those categories, may have feared the poet within himself. Although assuming with Plato that philosophy is more universal and just than poetry, Aristotle takes the analysis of poetry and drama seriously in Poetics, and also discusses ethics, aesthetics and style in Rhetoric. So, while I discuss Plato as a framework, I am not presuming that writing on the relations among the good, the true, the just and the beautiful stop with him. I am also making the assumption that Las Casas, Montaigne, Shakespeare and other poets and writers deserve to be taken seriously in the company of Plato. Las Casas and Montaigne respond to radically changing realities and shake the very basis of traditional ethics (especially in understanding of the “other”) and work in harmony with the greatest poets and writers of a new era often called modernity like Shakespeare, who is in the good company of Manrique, Villon, Ronsard, Du Bellay, Juan de la Cruz, Luis de León, Lope de Vega, Quevedo and Calderón. Long before, Dante and Petrarch were exploring in their poetry ethical and aesthetic imperatives and broke new ground doing so. Nor can Las Casas and Montaigne be separated from other great writers like Rabelais and Cervantes, who carry deep philosophical and ethical sensibility in their work while responding to reality by providing aesthetically – even sensuously – shaped images that always leave a margin for ambiguity because conflicts are part of an ambiguous reality.

There have been differences observed in chloride ion behavior in concrete depending on the type of associated cation. This paper, which combines an electrochemical study with a pare solution analysis is study, is concreted with determining the effects of cations on chloride caused corrosion of steel in concrete. The effect of CaCl2 and NaC1 (mixed in Type 1 Portland cement concret) on corrosions of steel in concrete was investigated using electrochemical techniques such as anodic potentiodynamic polarization and linear polarization. The results and indicated that the corrosion of steel in calcium chloride contaminated concrete was more severe than in sodium chloride cantaminated concrete. This observation was made at equal chloride ion concentrations which were in the range of O to 2.1 percent base on weight of concrete. in the pore in solution analysis study the effects of CaC12 and NaC1 (mixed in type I Portland cement paste on compotitions of the pore solution, associared with hardened cement pastes with chloride ion concentration ranging from 0.036 to 1 percent, based on the weight of the cement, were expressed at times ranging from 28 days to 84 days after casting and analyzed to determine chloride, sodium, calcium and hydroxyl ion concentrations. The pH of the pore solution increased with increased amount of NaCl. The addition of CaC12 had the opposite effect. The chloride ion concentrations in the pare solutions associate with pastes containing NaCl2 were higher than in the ones associated with CaCl2 contaminated pastes. The chloride ion to hydroxyl ion ratios for pastes containing CaC1 was higher than the pastes containing NaCl. Other investigators have postulated that the chloride to hydroxyl ionic ratio 18 important in the corrosion steel in chloride contaminated concrete. The results of this combined electrochemical and pare solution work agrees with the result s suggested by these earlier investigators, that increasing Cl-to Oh ratios results in increased corrosivity. Thus, the pare solution analisys gives Insight to the different corrosion behavior found with NaCl2 and CaC12 containing concretes.

Traditionally research into emotions in sport has focused on the impact of specific emotions upon performance, most notably anxiety. This paper approaches emotion from the perspective of discursive psychology, drawing on the methods of discourse analysis and conversation analysis. Using interview data from high level athletes, this paper examines the uses of emotion concepts in accounts of athletic performance. What becomes apparent through the analysis is that athletes claim that specific emotions such as nervousness are normal in sporting performance. In contrast, when accounting for failure, the athletes construct their build-up to the competition as containing no experience of these emotions. Rather than in traditional sports psychological research whereby emotions are seen to be quantifiable, this paper demonstrates how emotion terms form a rich interactional currency that are embedded within our accounting practices. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0301105