Marxist philosophical thought is an important ideological weapon for people to understand and transform the world. This paper studies the application and influence of Marxist philosophy in the field of music education, as well as the current development status of music education, and provides theoretical support for music education by discussing how to combine Marxist philosophy with the field of music education. Music education is a means of cultivating and shaping a person’s musical heritage, thereby achieving quality education. In music education, Marxist philosophy is an important theoretical support for the development of music learning. The dialectical materialism epistemology in Marxist philosophy is closely related to music education. This article explored the influence and role of Marxist philosophical thought on the development of music education by combing Marxist philosophical thought and music education theory, combined with the current situation of contemporary music education development, and analyzed the problems that exist in the development of music education. Dialectical materialism in Marxist philosophy is closely related to the theory of music education. Applying Marxist philosophy to music education can promote the smooth development of music education and help the audience of music education achieve their training goals. This article indicates that in-depth research on the application of Marxist philosophical thoughts, in the development of music education, is of great practical significance.