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Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder affecting millions of children worldwide. Methylphenidate is one of the most prescribed medications for managing ADHD symptoms due to its proven efficacy. However, despite its widespread use and effectiveness, there are ongoing concerns about the cardiovascular safety of methylphenidate, particularly in pediatric populations. These concerns stem from reports of increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and, in rare cases, more severe cardiovascular events. Aim of the Study: To review recent studies on the cardiovascular safety of methylphenidate in children with ADHD, synthesizing findings to inform clinical practice. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on studies published in the last decade that investigated the cardiovascular effects of methylphenidate in children with ADHD. Conclusion: The review highlights that while methylphenidate is generally well-tolerated, there are notable cardiovascular risks, particularly in susceptible children. These risks underscore the importance of thorough cardiovascular assessment and monitoring in children undergoing treatment with methylphenidate. The findings advocate for a balanced approach where the benefits of symptom management are weighed against potential cardiovascular risks. Clinicians are advised to adopt comprehensive monitoring strategies and consider individual risk factors when prescribing methylphenidate to children with ADHD.

Collagen, a key structural protein, is essential for maintaining the integrity of connective tissues such as skin, cartilage, tendons, bones. As natural collagen production decreases with age and is further compromised by environmental factors such as UV radiation and poor diet, collagen degradation accelerates, leading to conditions like wrinkles, joint stiffness, and decreased bone density. Collagen supplementation has gained widespread attention as a therapeutic intervention to counteract these effects. This review conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of various forms of collagen supplementation, including hydrolyzed collagen, undenatured collagen, and gelatin, and their effects on a range of health outcomes. Hydrolyzed collagen, due to enhanced bioavailability, is associated with improvements in skin elasticity, hydration, joint pain relief, and muscle recovery, making it particularly valuable for aging populations and athletes. Undenatured type II collagen, on the other hand, modulates immune responses and shows potential in reducing inflammation and slowing the progression of degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Gelatin, while less bioavailable than hydrolyzed collagen, still supports skin and joint health when taken in larger quantities. This review also explores emerging evidence of collagen’s beneficial effects on bone density, wound healing, and hair health, with marine-derived collagen showing promise in skin health due to its rapid absorption. Potential adverse effects, including mild gastrointestinal discomfort and rare allergic reactions, are discussed, emphasizing the importance of sourcing high-quality products. Overall, collagen supplementation, particularly hydrolyzed collagen peptides, offers significant therapeutic potential for improving skin, joint, and musculoskeletal health, but further research is required to define optimal dosages, formulations, and long-term safety for various populations.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD, Alzheimer's Disease) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disease that is a major cause of dementia in the elderly. Current drug therapies have limited effectiveness, prompting the search for alternative and complementary treatments. A growing body of scientific evidence suggests that regular physical activity may play a key role in preventing and slowing the progression of AD by affecting brain fitness Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the available scientific evidence and examine the impact of physical activity on the progression, course and prevention of AD. We analyze how regular exercise may affect cognitive function, brain structure and neurodegenerative biomarkers associated with AD. Material and methods: The review was based on the analysis of materials collected in the databases "Pubmed", Google Scholar, ResearchGate, books and other scientific articles. The search was conducted using keywords: “Alzheimer’s Disease”, “physical activity”, “impact of PA on AD”, “prevention” Results: A review of the literature has shown that regular physical activity can help improve cognitive function and delay the progression of AD through a variety of biological mechanisms, including increased neurogenesis, improved cerebral blood flow and reduced inflammation. Conclusions: The results suggest that regular physical activity may play an important role in the prevention and progression of AD, offering potential cognitive and neuroprotective benefits. These findings the importance of promoting physical activity as a non-pharmacological strategy to counteract AD. Based on these findings, further research should focus on determining the optimal types and intensities of exercise and the mechanisms behind their effects.

Background: Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), a prominent adaptogen in traditional Ayurvedic medicine, has gained substantial attention for its potential to enhance resilience to modern stressors, improve sleep quality, and alleviate anxiety. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that Ashwagandha’s active compounds, particularly withanolides, influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to reductions in cortisol levels and a more balanced stress response. Puropose: This review aims to consolidate current evidence on Ashwagandha’s efficacy in modulating stress response, improving sleep patterns, and reducing anxiety levels. Material and methods: The review was based on the analysis of materials collected in the databases "Pubmed", Google Scholar, ResearchGate, books and other scientific articles. The search was conducted using keywords: “Ashwagandha”, “Withania somnifera”, “adaptogen”, “stress”, “anxiety”, “sleep”, “cortisol”. “HPA axis”. Results: A review of the literature has shown Ashwagandha anxiolytic properties, with effects comparable to standard anti-anxiety medications but with fewer side effects. Additionally, Ashwagandha has been shown to significantly improve sleep onset latency, sleep duration, and overall sleep quality, particularly in individuals suffering from stress-induced sleep disorders. Conclusions: Ashwagandha shows significant potential as a natural therapy for managing stress, improving sleep quality, and reducing anxiety, primarily through its effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and cortisol regulation. Clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy in improving sleep patterns and reducing anxiety, with a generally favorable safety profile. However, there is a need for further research, particularly to better understand the long-term effects and safety of Ashwagandha supplementation.

Even if language teachers regularly rely on audio-visual resources, fi lm making and editing is still considered as an avant-garde teaching approach. Its potential lies in the fact that it allows the role of the student to shift from refl ective viewer to knowledgeable content producer. In this article, we will present the results of a research conducted among 36 learners of French attending the same secondary school. The study had three major goals. Primarily, it was to indicate students’ general perception of video-editing activities, i.e. to determine whether learners really consider this type of tasks as interesting and profi table. The second aim of the research was to fi nd out whether opinions of people coming across this kind of tasks for the fi rst time would be divergent with the statements made by those who benefi t from it regularly during foreign language classes. Finally, another important goal of the research was to indicate whether variables such as gender, length of foreign language instruction, profile, as well as pupils’ general views on the nature of second language learning and the self-perception of their language abilities can have an impact on their video-editing activities perception.

The relations between Romans and autochthonous in northern Africa normally must have been pacific although on occasions living together gave rise to problems which resulted in military conflicts. Our knowledge of the evolution of the society in the third century is very poor due to the lack of literary documents. Because of this short comming the epigraphic evidence plays an important role, and also the works of S. Cyprian, written during this period, assumes a position of out standing interest. Around 253, when an insurrection broke out in the eastern part of Mauritania and in Numidia, Cyprian wrote his epistle n. 62 to the eight bishops of the diócesis located in these territories, sending at the same time money to pay the ransom of those captured by the barbarians. The author tries to determine the particularities and the content of the barbarian olTense basing his study on the data provided in the letter and from what we know of the period in that area. The personality of S. Cyprian and his writings are re-examined in order to obtain a deeper knowledge of the third century.

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