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Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo que influyen en la mortalidad intrahospitalaria y/o el incremento de la estancia hospitalaria en pacientes mayores de 65 años con fractura del fémur proximal. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes de edad superior a 65 años intervenidos por fractura de cadera entre enero de 2015 y diciembre de 2017. Se estudian comorbilidades médicas, psicológicas, funcionales y analíticas presentes al ingreso, así como tratamiento, complicaciones y seguimiento analítico durante el ingreso y estado funcional y residencia al alta para un total de 54 variables. Se realiza un análisis bivariante mediante un punto de corte o endpoint compuesto entre mortalidad intrahospitalaria y el incremento de más de 10 días de estancia hospitalaria. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 360 pacientes con edad media de 84 años. El 75% eran mujeres y el 53,5% sufrió una fractura pertrocantérea. La media de comorbilidades por paciente fue 2,7 (0-7) siendo las más frecuentes la hipertensión arterial, demencia y diabetes. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue del 3,6% (n = 13) y la estancia hospitalaria media fue de 8,4 días (1-35), estando el 16,4% por encima de los 10 días. La presencia de complicaciones médicas (p < 0,001), nivel de hemoglobina al ingreso (p < 0,001), hipertensión arterial (p = 0,012), obesidad (p = 0,018) y Parkinson (p = 0,034) se relacionaron con la aparición del punto de corte estudiado. Conclusión: La hipertensión arterial, obesidad, Parkinson, el nivel de hemoglobina al ingreso y aparición de complicaciones médicas son variables que aumentaron el riesgo de la mortalidad intrahospitalaria y/o una estancia hospitalaria por encima de los 10 días en pacientes mayores de 65 años con fractura proximal del fémur. Abstract: Purpose: To determine the risk factors influencing in-hospital mortality and/or increased hospital stay in patients older than 65 years with proximal femur fracture. Methods: Retrospective study of patients aged over 65 years operated on for hip fracture between January 2015 and December 2017. Medical, psychological, functional and analytical comorbidities present at admission as well as treatment, complications and analytical follow-up during admission and functional status and residence at discharge are studied for a total of 54 variables. A bivariate analysis was performed using a composite endpoint between in-hospital mortality and the increase of more than 10 days of hospital stay. Results: 360 patients were included with a mean age of 84 years. 75% were women and 53.5% suffered a pertrochanteric fracture. The mean number of comorbidities per patient was 2.7 (0-7), the most frequent being hypertension, dementia and diabetes. In-hospital mortality was 3.6% (n: 13) and mean hospital stay was 8.4 days (1-35), with 16.4% exceeding 10 days. The presence of medical complications (p

In semiarid conditions, re-vegetation programs are associated with a high level of sapling mortality. For the proper management of Mediterranean forest environments, alternative low cost afforestation methods that ensure the survival of seedlings and have minimal environmental impact are needed. One way to improve soil conditions is to apply organic amendments to the soil. This study assessed the effects of two types of organic mulching on the afforestation success of a degraded Mediterranean semiarid area. The soil treatments tested were: i) afforestation in soil amended with straw mulch (10 Mg ha-1); ii) afforestation in soil amended with mulch containing chipped branches of Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) (10 Mg ha-1); iii) control plots with no amendments were used and considered as afforested in natural conditions. The afforestation plan was performed following the same species and pattern of plantation in each plot. We hypothesized that in the context of dry-Mediterranean climatic conditions the use of organic amendments would enhance plant establishment and ensure successful afforestation. The results showed that afforestation success increased when soils were amended with straw and pine tree mulch. The amendments had no effect on soil organic carbon. However, both treatments showed an increase in the average soil water content respect to the control conditions. Thus, the available water content in soils amended with mulch was higher than in the control during most of the duration of the experiment, and, consequently, there was less water stress following afforestation. This was well related with the increment in sapling survival rates founded in straw and pine mulch treatments.

Este trabajo se lleva a cabo en un área de montaña de la provincia de Málaga (municipio de Faraján), en el sur de España. En dicho municipio, el paisaje muestra una dinámica territorial e histórica semejante a la de otros espacios de montaña mediterránea, coexistiendo e interactuando factores físico-naturales y antrópicos que lo hacen muy variable en el espacio y el tiempo. Me- diante la clasificación supervisada de imágenes Landsat 8-OLI y la foto-interpretación de imá- genes aéreas, se obtuvieron los mapas de usos del suelo y cobertura vegetal a fin caracterizar su dinámica espacio-temporal, con especial atención en el cultivo de castaño. Este cultivo, dada sus variaciones estacionales, introduce a su vez un fuerte dinamismo en el paisaje del municipio, cuya riqueza y belleza es notable. Por ello, se analiza la fragilidad visual de este paisaje y los efectos que en él pueden tener los cambios de uso, en general y el incremento en la superficie ocupada por los campos de castaños, en particular, que tiende a situarse en las áreas más visibles del municipio desde las principales vías de comunicación de su entorno.

ABSTRACT Sourgrass is one of the most problematic weeds of Brazil. It is an aggressive species in the allocation of resources from the environment and reported to be glyphosate resistant in several states of the country. This work has aimed to verify environmental effects on seed germination and seedling emergence of sourgrass. Laboratory and field trials were conducted to determine the effects of temperature, light, photoperiod, water availability and depth of burial in germination and emergence of seeds. The maximum germination was greater than 80% for seed originated from resistant plants between 15 and 30 oC. For the susceptible ones, the maximum germination occurred only at 30 oC. Germination occurred for both biotypes independent of the presence of light. The best photoperiod for germination of both biotypes was between 8 and 14 hours. Seeds originated from resistant plants showed higher germination levels at low temperatures in the presence of light and in less water availability. There was no germination from -0,8 MPa for both biotypes. The emergence for both biotypes was low, indicating that seed burial could be used in the management of the species. Seeds from resistant plants showed higher and larger germination in temperatures, water content and depth of burial ranges than from originated from susceptible plants.

En el ámbito académico occidental, Montesquieu suele ser interpretado como un filósofo precursor del anti-esclavismo moderno. Sin embargo, dicha interpretación se basa solo en algunos pasajes de su obra, obviando otros que van en sentido contrario al antiesclavismo. Por ello, en este trabajo nos proponemos abordar el pensamiento de Montesquieu en torno a la esclavitud y el colonialismo, intentando demostrar que debido a su perspectiva eurocéntrica y conservadora, él sostuvo una posición contradictoria frente a la institución: negando su legitimidad en Europa y aceptándola en el ámbito de los pueblos extra-europeos.Palabras Claves: Montesquieu, Esclavitud, Filosofía anti-esclavistaAbstract:In western academia, Montesquieu is usually seen as a philosopher pioneer of modern anti-slavery. However, such interpretation is based only on some passages of his work, ignoring others that go against anti-slavery theories. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to address Montesquieu's thought about slavery and colonialism, trying to prove that because of its Eurocentric and conservative perspective, he held a contradictory position towards the institution by denying its legitimacy in Europe and accepting it in the field of non-European nations.Keywords: Montesquieu, Slavery, Anti-slavery philosophy

Com o objetivo de determinar os efeitos de períodos de controle e de convivência das plantas daninhas na produtividade da cultura do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum), cultivar Delta-Opal, realizou-se um experimento que constou de dois grupos de tratamentos. No primeiro, a cultura permaneceu livre da competição das plantas daninhas desde a emergência até 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63 dias e colheita (159 dias). No segundo, a cultura permaneceu em competição com a comunidade infestante desde a emergência até os mesmos períodos descritos para a primeira série de tratamentos. Dentre as espécies de plantas daninhas encontradas na área experimental, destacaram-se a tiririca (Cyperus rotundus), o fedegoso (Senna obtusifolia), a anileira (Indigofera hirsuta) e o capim-carrapicho (Cenchrus echinatus). Pelas condições edáficas, climáticas e florísticas sob as quais foi conduzida a cultura de algodão, o Período Anterior à Interferência (PAI) dessa comunidade que reduziu em 5% a produtividade da cultura foi de oito dias após a emergência da cultura (DAE); o Período Total de Prevenção da Interferência (PTPI) foi de 66 DAE; e o Período Crítico de Prevenção da Interferência (PCPI) foi dos 8 aos 66 DAE.In order to evaluate the effects of weed control and weed coexistence periods on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cultivar Delta Opal yield, an experiment was carried out consisting of two treatment groups. In the first, the crop was weed free from from emergence until 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63 days, and harvest (159 days) respectively. In the second group, the crop was in competition with the weed community from emergence until the same period, as described for the first series of treatment, respectively. Among the weed species found in the experimental area, the most important were purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus), sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia), indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) and sandbur (Cenchrus echinatus). The period after cotton plant emergence and previous to weed interference, which reduced cotton yield in 5% was 8 days (DAE); the Total Period of Interference Prevention (TPIP) was 66 DAE and the Critical Period of Interference Prevention (CPIP) was between 8 to 66 DAE.

Objetivo: Conocer la opinión de directivos y clínicos de hospitales públicos sobre los institutos clínicos. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo que trata de responder a preguntas realizadas a gerentes y clínicos sobre las innovaciones organizativas que afectan a más de un nivel de intervención de la gestión sanitaria. Se aplican como técnicas: a) entrevistas en profundidad semiestructuradas con la finalidad de señalar los comportamientos, experiencias, opiniones, conocimientos y otros aspectos personales e institucionales objeto del estudio, y b) grupos de discusión, con un grupo de discusión control y dos grupos de discusión estudio se busca la interacción de los grupos para obtener distintos tipos de información relativos al desarrollo de las ideas, operatividad, grado de consenso y disenso en los temas tratados. Resultados: Realizada la comparación entre el grupo de control y los grupos de estudio, se pone de relieve que las nuevas formas organizativas incrementaron el valor en los siguientes conceptos: economía de contratos, delegación de funciones, descentralización administrativa, incentivación, aversión al riesgo, reingeniería de procesos, continuidad asistencial, competitividad, liderazgo, sistemas de información y orientación al cliente. Conclusiones: Existe un creciente interés de los clínicos por las innovaciones organizativas hospitalarias, postura ambivalente en los gestores clínicos ante los cambios de rol de sus respectivas responsabilidades. Se evidencia la resistencia a los cambios. No existe un modelo único de «instituto», dependiendo los modelos existentes de influencias particulares en cuanto a factores internos (cohesión y liderazgo) y externos (entorno, tamaño y tecnología). El incipiente desarrollo de innovaciones pone de relieve la necesidad de cambios en el estilo y naturaleza de la estructura directiva (composición, funciones, responsabilidades).Objective: To determine the opinion of chief executive officers (CEOs) and physicians in public hospitals concerning new managerial trends. Methods: We performed a qualitative study designed to determine the opinion of CEOs and physicians on the organizational innovations that affect more than one level of health management intervention. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to identify behavior, experiences, opinions, knowledge and other personal and institutional aspects related to the study's aim. Focus groups (two study groups and one control group) were also used. Interaction between groups was used to obtain different types of information on the development of ideas, operational capacity, and the degree of consensus and disagreement on the subjects discussed Results: Comparison between the control and the study groups revealed that the new management trends added value in the following areas: economy of contracts, delegation, administrative decentralization, incentives, risk avoidance, process re-engineering, heath care continuity, competitiveness, leadership, information systems and client centeredness. Conclusions: Physicians are showing increased interest in organizational innovations while CEOs are ambivalent about their changing role and respective responsibilities. There is evidence of resistance to change. There is no single institutional model; institutional design depends on internal factors (cohesion and leadership) and external factors (environment, size and technology). The incipient development of innovations reveals the need for changes in the style and characteristics of management structure (composition, functions, responsibilities).