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O presente trabalho, pretendeu estudar o efeito do peso de abate sobre a evolução do tecido adiposo e muscular de porcos Alentejanos destinados à produção de carne para consumo em fresco. Utilizaram-se 30 suínos de raça alentejana (sexos neutralizados) alojados e alimentados individualmente com um alimento composto comercial equilibrado (3100 Kcal ED e 150g de Proteína Bruta por Kg), fornecido a 85% do Ad Libitum. Efectuaram-se abates sucessivos de 5 animais aos 40, 70, 80, 90, 100 e 110 kg de peso vivo. As carcaças foram refrigeradas a 4 ºC durante 24 horas e seguidamente procedeu-se à pesagem da gordura perirenal (banha) e à medição da gordura subcutânea dorsal e da área do músculo Longissimus dorsi entre a décima e décima primeira costela, ao nível da última costela e entre a terceira e quarta vértebra lombar. O aumento do peso de abate influenciou significativamente (PTo study the effects of slaughter weight on adipose and muscular tissues development of Alentejano hogs thirty animals were used. With an average live weight of 35 kg, pigs were allocated in individual pens at outdoor and fed a commercial diet (15% CP and 3100 Kcal ED/kg) offered at 85% Ad Libitum. Pigs were sequentially slaughtered in groups (n=5) with an average live weight of 40, 70,80, 90, 100 and 110 kg. After carcass chilling at 5º C for 24 h flare fat was weighed and subcutaneous backfat thickness and loin eye area were recorded at 1011 ribs, last rib and 3-4 lombar vertebras. Flare fat increased significantly (P

This article aims to study the formation of the Quadrilateral Summit established in 2009 comprising Afghanistan, Pakistan, Russia and Tajikistan. This forum signalizes both the return of Russia as an important player in Central and Southern Asia and the affirmation of a new sort of regionalization based on South-South cooperation.

Simulation results for water content dis­tribution obtained with HYDRUS, RZWQM and MOHIDLAND models were compared with field data. These models differ mainly in calculating root water uptake and computing crop water requirements. Simulations were carried out in different horizons of an Hortic An­throsol and an Eutric Fluviosol, located in the Alentejo region (Portugal). Soil water content was measured, with a TDR sys­tem at different depths. Soil hydraulic properties were determined in the labora­tory, and described in HYDRUS and MOHIDLAND with the Mualem-van Genuchten, and in RZWQM with the modified Brooks and Corey equations. Reference evapotranspiration was calcu­lated with the Penman-Monteith and the Shuttleworth-Wallace method using at­mospheric data from the meteorological stations located near the field plots. Parti­tion between transpiration and evapora­tion was calculated using the Leaf Area Index values, and the RZWQM crop module. Results show a good agreement between model simulations and field measurements for the three models.Foram comparados os resultados da simu­lação do teor de água no solo obtidos com os modelos HYDRUS, RZWQM e MOHI­DLAND com valores medidos. Estes mode­los diferem principalmente nos cálculos da extracção de água pelas raízes e das neces­sidades de água das plantas. As simulações foram realizadas para diferentes profundi­dades de um Fluvissolo Êutrico e de um Antrosolo Hórtico localizados no Alentejo (Portugal). O teor de água foi medido com um sistema TDR. As propriedades hidráuli­cas, determinadas laboratorialmente, foram descritas com as equações de Mualem-van Genuchtene e Brooks and Corey modifica­das. A evapotranspiração de referência foi calculada com os métodos de Penman-Monteith e de Shuttleworht-Wallace com dados atmosféricos medidos. A partição entre a transpiração das plantas e a evapora­ção do solo foi calculada através do Índice de Área Foliar medido e através do modelo RZWQM. Os resultados mostram boa con­cordância entre as simulações dos três modelos e os valores de campo.

Num Fluvissolo localizado em Alvalade-Sado (Alentejo) foram construídos 3 monólitos de solo (A, B e C), os quais foram regados, ao longo dos ciclos de rega de 2001 a 2005, com águas de diferente qualidade (Maio a Agosto) e sujeitos a condições atmosféricas durante os restantes meses do ano. Em cada um dos monólitos de solo foi aplicada uma dotação total anual média de 500 mm, cuja qualidade variou com o aumento das concentrações de NaCl, CaCl2 e MgCl2 presentes na água de rega. A condutividade eléctrica (CE) das águas de rega aplicadas variou entre 0,3 e 3,2 dS m-1, sendo as águas de melhor qualidade aplicadas no monólito A e as de pior qualidade aplicadas no monólito C. A razão de adsorção de sódio (SAR) foi de 1, 3 e 6 (meq L-1)0.5 , mantendo a relação Ca:Mg = 1:2 nas águas aplicadas. No fim de cada ciclo de rega, de cada período de “lavagem” pela chuva e no fim do ensaio (Dezembro de 2005) avaliaram-se os efeitos da aplicação das águas de rega na salinização e sodização do solo. Os parâmetros analisados foram a CE e os teores de catiões solúveis no extracto de saturação do solo, os teores de catiões extraíveis, a capacidade de troca catiónica, o SAR ea percentagem de sódio de troca (ESP). No fim do ensaio avaliaram-se ainda as propriedades hidráulicas e a estabilidade da microestrutura do solo. Realizou-se também um balanço de sais entre os diferentes períodos estudados. No final do ensaio os valores da CE, embora superiores aos iniciais, não ultrapassavam 2 dS m-1 . A precipitação ocorrida ao longo do ensaio foi assim suficiente para proporcionar a lavagem dos sais, sobretudo até à profundidade dos 40 cm. Por sua vez o SAR aumentou com as regas, mais notoriamente até aos 40 cm, não sendo tão evidente o efeito de lavagem pela chuva, registando-se no fim do ensaio aumentos de 4, 5 e 9 vezes os valores iniciais de cada monólito. O comportamento do ESP foi semelhante ao do SAR, embora os valores finais não provoquem riscos imediatos de sodização do solo (6% nas condições mais desfavoráveis). O balanço dos sais indicou uma acumulação de sódio de cerca de 2,5 e 4 vezes nos monólitos B e C. Verificou-se ainda uma lixiviação importante daquele catião no monólito C. Não se verificaram alterações dignas de nota nas propriedades hidráulicas e microestrutura do solo. As pequenas variações verificadas devem-se certamente à variação espacial daquelas propriedades.Three soil lysimeters (A, B, and C) were built in a Fluvisol located in Alvalade-Sado (Alentejo). The soil lysimeters were irrigated from 2001 to 2005 with waters of different quality (May to August), and subjected to atmospheric conditions during the remaining months of the year. A total depth of 500 mm was applied every year in each soil lysimeter. The quality of the irrigation waters varied by increasing the concentration of NaCl, CaCl2 e MgCl2 in its composition. The electrical conductivity (EC) of the irrigation waters applied varied between 0.3 and 3.2 dS m-1, with the best quality waters being applied in soil lysimeter A, and the worse quality waters being applied in soil lysimeter C. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was 1, 3 and 6 (meq L-1)0.5, always maintaining a relation Ca:Mg = 1:2 in the irrigation waters. Effects on soil salinization/sodification resulting from applying those irrigation waters were evaluated in the end of each irrigation season, in the end of each leaching season, and in the end of the experiment (December 2005). The parameters monitored were the EC and soluble cations in the saturation extract, extractable cations, the cation exchange capacity, SAR and the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). Soil hydraulic properties and soil microagregation stability was also monitored in the end of the experiment. A mass balance for salt concentration along the different seasons was also calculated. In the end of the experiment, EC values although higher than the values presented in the initial conditions, were inferior to 2 dS m-1 . Rainfall was enough to leach salts mainly until 40 cm depth. SAR increased with irrigation notoriously until 40 cm depth, not being evident the effect of rainfall on leaching. Final values were 4, 5 and 9 times higher than the initial ones in soil lysimeters A, B and C, respectively. ESP behaviour was similar to SAR. Final values were not high enough to cause soil sodification (only 6% in the most unfavorable conditions). The salt balance showed an accumulation of sodium 2.5 to 4 times higher than the initial conditions in soil lysimeters B, and C, respectively. An important amount of sodium was leached from soil lysimeter C. No changes were observed in soil hydraulic properties and soil microagregation stability. The small variations present were due to spatial variability of those soil properties.

Entre 2001 e 2004 procedeu-se à monitorização dos teores de água e dos catiões solúveis Na+, Ca2+ e Mg2+, às profundidades de 10, 30, 50 e 70 cm, em três monólitos de solo (1.2 m² x 1.0 m de profundidade), construídos num Aluviossolo de textura mediana, situado em Alvalade de Sado, visando o estudo da evolução da salinização e da sodicização do solo em função de diferentes qualidades de água de rega aplicadas. Os monólitos, cobertos com vegetação natural, foram regados manualmente (10 mm por aplicação), durante o ciclo de rega da região (500 mm) e sujeito à lava-gem pela chuva (entre 388 e 570 mm/ano) durante o período remanescente do ano. As águas de rega inicialmente aplicadas apresentavam uma CE de 0.4, 0.8 e 1.6 dS m-1 e um valor de SAR de 1, 3 e 6 (meq L-1)0,5, designadas de A, B e C, respectivamente, mantendo sempre uma relação Ca:Mg = 1:2. No 3º e 4º anos optou-se por aumentar a CE das águas de rega para 0.8, 1,6 e 3.2 dS m-1, mantendo o respectivo equilíbrio entre os catiões. O teor de água no solo foi monitorizado às 4 profundidades por TDR e a solução de solo foi amostrada recorrendo a cápsulas porosas instaladas às mesmas profundidades. Foi monitorizada a evolução dos teores de água e de Na+, Ca2+ e Mg2+ solúveis, da condutividade eléctrica (CE), da razão de adsorção de sódio (SAR) e da percentagem de sódio de troca (ESP) nos três monólitos, às quatro profundidades e ao longo dos 4 anos de ensaio. A modelação dos processos envolvidos foi efectuada recorrendo ao modelo HYDRUS-1D, o qual se mostrou adequado à simulação dos resultados experimentais. A análise entre os valores medidos e simulados foi feita com recurso à análise de regressão simples, forçada à origem. As equações obtidas apresentaram coeficientes de regressão próximos de 1 e coeficientes de determinação elevados, variando entre 0.985 para o teor de água e 0.797 para o cálcio solúvel. Pode-se considerar que este modelo é uma ferramenta valiosa para previsões a médio/longo prazo da influência da qualidade da água de rega no solo.HYDRUS-1D was used to analyze water flow and solute transport in three soil monoliths (1.2 m² ? 1.0 m) that were irrigated during summer months with different quality waters. The soil monoliths were constructed on a Eutric Fluvisol in Alentejo, Portugal. EC of irrigation waters varied between 0.4 and 3.2 dS m-1 and SAR between 1 and 6 (meq L-1)0.5, maintaining a relation of Ca:Mg equal to 1:2. In the irrigation season, about 500 mm of irrigation water was applied. During the rest of the year, the soil monoliths were subjected to regular rainfall leaching. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of the HYDRUS-1D software package to predict water contents and fluxes, concentrations of individual ions (Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+), electrical conductivity of soil solution (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) indices under field conditions where salinisation may occur. These variables and indices were monitored from May 2001 to September 2004 at four depths (10, 30, 50, 70 cm) in all three soil monoliths. HYDRUS-1D has successfully described field measurements of overall salinity, individual soluble cations, as well as SAR and ESP with regression coefficients close to 1 and determination coefficients ranging from 0.985 to the water content to 0.797 to the soluble calcium simulation.

Com o objectivo de avaliar a influência do alimento nas características da carne de porco da raça Alentejana, para produção de carne fresca, testaram-se três alimentos: alimento comercial com 3200 kcal de Energia Digestível (ED)/kg e 18,1% de Proteína Bruta (PB), cereal (triticale) com 3300 kcal ED/kg e 13%PB, e mistura de cereais (triticale e aveia) com bagaço de soja com 3200 kcal ED/kg e 17,4% PB. Cada alimento foi distribuído de modo a fornecer 4250 kcal/dia entre os 30 e os 40 kg de peso vivo, aumentando posteriormente até às 6800 kcal/dia dos 60 aos 70 kg, diminuindo progressivamente até às 4800 kcal/dia dos 90 aos 100 kg de peso vivo. O ensaio foi delineado em 2 blocos casualizados com 3 parques por bloco e 8 animais em cada parque. Os animais, de raça Alentejana, iniciaram o estudo com 35 kg de peso vivo (PV) e foram abatidos aos 100 kg. Após o abate foram desmanchadas (desmacha comercial) 4 carcaças de cada parque e recolhidas amostras do músculo Longissimus dorsi (LD), posteriormente congeladas a – 20 ºC até ao momento da análise. Sobre as amostras de lombo, em laboratório procederam-se às seguintes determinações: pH, CRA (capacidade de retenção de água), cor (CIE LAB), humidade, teor de gordura intramuscular e teor de pigmentos totais. Os resultados relativos ao pH, CRA, cor, teor de gordura intramuscular e teor de pigmentos totais não apresentaram diferenças significativas. Quanto aos teores de humidade, os animais alimentados com triticale apresentaram valores significativamente mais baixos (68,8%) do que os do alimento comercial e da mistura (71,1% e 71,3% respectivamente), o que está de acordo com o maior teor em lípidos intramusculares presentes no lombo dos animais alimentados com triticale, apesar de as diferenças serem não significativas. Concluímos que os três alimentos testados tiveram pouca influência na variação das características físicoquímicas analisadas, mas influenciaram significativamente quer a quantidade de músculo produzido, quer o seu peso relativo na carcaça.With the aim of evaluating the influence of foodstuff in the meat characteristics of the Alentejano pig, bred for fresh meat production, we tested three different foodstuffs: a commercial foodstuff with 3200 kcal of Digestible Energy (DE) per kg and 18,1% Crude Protein (CP), a cereal grain (triticale) with 3300 kcal DE per kg and 13% CP and a mixture of cereal (triticale and oat) with soybean meal with 3200 kcal DE per kg and 17,4% CP. Each foodstuff was fed to the animals in order to supply 4250 kcal/day of DE to animals between 30 and 40 kg of live weight, and then the amount fed increased gradually, up to 6800 kcal/day, when animals weighted between 60 and 70 kg; finally, the supplied energy decreased down to 4800 kcal/day, to animals from 90 to 100 kg of live weight. The experiment was delineated in 2 randomized blocks, with 3 parks per block and 8 animals in each park. The Alentejana breed animals began the experiment weighting 35 kg, and were sacrificed when they reached 100 kg of live weight. After slaughter, samples from the Longissimus dorsi muscle of 4 animals from each park were taken and frozen at -20 ºC. These samples were kept frozen until the analytical procedures took place. The laboratorial determinations were pH, Water Holding Capacity (WHC), colour (CIE LAB), moisture, percentage of intramuscular fat, and total pigments. The results for pH, WHC, colour, intramuscular lipids and total pigments did not present significant differences among themselves. As for moisture, animals fed with triticale showed significantly lower values (68,8%) than animals fed with commercial foodstuff and cereal grain (71,1% and 71,3%, respectively), which agrees with their higher percentage of intramuscular fat (even though not statistically different). We concluded that the 3 tested foodstuffs were of little or no influence in the variation of the analysed physicochemical characteristics, but significantly influenced both the amount of muscle and its relative weight in the carcass.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a evolução das discussões sobre a formação e a atuação na área de Psicologia Escolar no Brasil. Foram analisados 102 trabalhos publicados nos Anais dos quatro Congressos Nacionais de Psicologia Escolar, promovidos pela ABRAPEE, entre os anos de 1991 e 1998. Os trabalhos foram agrupados em três categorias: Reflexões Teóricas, Relatos de Experiência e Relatos de Pesquisa. Os dados evidenciaram diversificação na produção do conhecimento na área de Psicologia Escolar; orientação de experiências de estágio numa direção mais preventiva e práticas profissionais que se referiram significativamente à atuação junto à comunidade escolar e aos professores.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a evolução das discussões sobre a formação e a atuação na área de Psicologia Escolar no Brasil. Foram analisados 102 trabalhos publicados nos Anais dos quatro Congressos Nacionais de Psicologia Escolar, promovidos pela ABRAPEE, entre os anos de 1991 e 1998. Os trabalhos foram agrupados em três categorias: Reflexões Teóricas, Relatos de Experiência e Relatos de Pesquisa. Os dados evidenciaram diversificação na produção do conhecimento na área de Psicologia Escolar; orientação de experiências de estágio numa direção mais preventiva e práticas profissionais que se referiram significativamente à atuação junto à comunidade escolar e aos professores.

Introduction: Comorbidities are thought to have prognostic impact on outcomes of patients submitted to noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Our goal was to determine if age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (ACCI) could predict outcomes in patients undergoing NIV due to acute respiratory failure., Methods: Patients in respiratory failure submitted to NIV were prospective evaluated comparing patient's characteristics and outcomes according to ACCI≤median vs. ACCI>median. Each comorbidity composing the index was tested as predictor of NIV failure and readmission/mortality risk at 30 and 90 days, using logistic regression analysis. NIV failure was defined as need for invasive mechanical ventilation and/or death., Results: 177 patients were enrolled. Median ACCI score was 5 points. Comparing patients with ACCI>5 with ACCI≤5, the former group was older but APACHE II was similar. Time to first NIV disconnection was inferior for ACCI>5 patients (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.23-0.89, p=0.021), after gender and age adjustment. No differences were found in length of stay, time on NIV, NIV complications or failure, and 30 and 90-day hospital readmission or death, before and after adjustment. None of the single comorbidities was predictive of NIV failure and readmission risk, when adjusted to sex and age., Conclusion: ACCI is not a good predictor for short and medium-term outcomes in patients submitted to NIV., (Copyright © 2018 SEPAR. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

The association of a right aortic arch with an ipsilateral patent ductus arteriosus is rare, especially when there are no other intracardiac anomalies. We report three female patients aged 26, 35 and 9 years with this combination in whom previous attempts at surgical closure by thoracotomy and sternotomy were unsuccessful and who subsequently underwent successful percutaneous closure of the defects using Amplatzer devices. In two patients, although angiography demonstrated the presence of type-A patent ductus arteriosus, it was not possible to determine the minimum diameter accurately and it was necessary to measure it using a sizing balloon. An Amplatzer duct occluder was used in two patients and an Amplatzer muscular ventricular septal defect occluder, in the other. In all patients, full closure was confirmed in the catheterization laboratory and the patients were discharged on the same day with no complications. Percutaneous closure of a right patent ductus arteriosus associated with a right aortic arch is feasible, safe and effective.

Introduction: Neonatal stroke (NNS) incidence appears to be increasing over the last years. This is believed to be a consequence of diagnostic accuracy rather than a real amplification of this entity. Nowadays, NNS incidence is estimated to be 1:4000 full newborns., Case Report: Child with left middle cerebral artery territory infarction in which several thromboembolic risk factors were documented both in the child (neonatal sepsis and factor V Leiden) and his mother (lupus anticoagulant, pre-eclampsy and factor V Leiden)., Conclusions: This case supports the increasing evidence in recent reports that association of multiple prothrombotic risk factors (maternal and foetal) is present in NNS genesis. This way the authors agree that wide prothrombotic study may be of crucial interest in identifying subjacent thrombophilic disease, even when an exogenous risk factor is present.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequently implicated agent in bronchiolitis. The virus presents two antigenic subtypes (A and B). The results of studies on the relationship between viral subtype and clinical severity are conflicting., Purpose: To evaluate whether the subtype of this virus constitutes an independent variable in the severity of clinical expression of RSV infection., Patients and Methods: We prospectively studied previously healthy children aged less than 2 years admitted for RSV infection during an epidemic season. Clinical presentation and evolution, laboratory and radiological aspects were compared in subsets of children infected with RSV subtype A or B. Clinical severity parameters included score and duration of respiratory distress, oxygen requirements, admission to the intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay., Results: Eighty-five patients were enrolled in the study (50 boys and 35 girls; mean age 4.8,4.3 months). Fifty-nine children were infected with RSV subtype A. No differences were found in age, sex or antecedents but children with subtype B were less likely to have been breast-fed. Clinical presentation and laboratory and radiological findings were similar in both groups. No statistically significant differences in clinical severity parameters were found between subsets A and B. Age less than 3 months was associated with greater duration of respiratory distress and longer hospital stay., Conclusion: The results do not support the hypothesis that subtype A infection is associated with more severe respiratory syncytial virus disease.

The authors describe an assay that quantify with precision the plasmatic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the gel formulation PGE2 endocervical in the induction of labour. We have studied 26 pregnant women without disease at the term of the pregnancy. The blood sample was collected before and 30 minutes after the labor induction in tubes with 10 mg EDTA Na2 and 5 microg of aspirin. The PGE2 was isolated by extraction and chromatography with 70-100% recovery. The concentration was evaluated by a completion assay with RIA. The PGE2 in plasma was found before and after the induction of labor with the following results: 347 +/- 51.6 and 719 +/- 128 pg/ml. The data was compared by the Student's t test for paired values (df = 50, t = 13. 22 and p < 0.0001). We can conclude that in pregnant women the concentration of PGE2 in plasma was double after the labor induction with the sensitivity in 1.25 pg/tube and the reproducibility 4.6% intraassay and 7% interassay showing that the method is sensitive, reproducible and efficient for the PGE2.