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Promoción de la salud; Salud comunitaria; Indicadores de salud Promoció de la salut; Salut comunitària; Indicadors de salut Health promotion; Community health; Health status indicators La salud depende mayoritariamente de factores externos al sistema sanitario, como los determinantes socioeconómicos. La acción intersectorial y la participación son elementos clave para una atención integral centrada en la persona y la comunidad. En Cataluña, la Estrategia Nacional de Atención Primaria y Comunitaria pretende reforzar la atención primaria para que sea el eje vertebrador del sistema sanitario y con fuerte orientación comunitaria. Para desplegar la orientación comunitaria es importante disponer de datos fiables y robustos para áreas pequeñas. Se seleccionaron, calcularon y presentaron 38 indicadores básicos para las 370 Áreas Báscias de Salud en Cataluña, según el modelo de los determinantes sociales: demográficos (4), socioeconómicos (3), morbilidad (9), mortalidad (6), estilos de vida (4), prácticas preventivas (1), recursos y uso de servicios sanitarios (9) y entorno físico (2). Estos indicadores permitirán a los/las profesionales realizar un informe de salud de forma ágil y sistemática. Health depends mostly on factors that lay outside the health system, such as socioeconomic determinants. Intersectorality and participation are key elements for an integrated care person and community centred. In Catalonia, the National Primary Health and Community Strategy aims to reinforce primary health care, so that it becomes the backbone of the health system and with a strong community orientation. To deploy a community oriented primary health care it is important to count with reliable and robust data by small areas. Thirty-eight basic indicators were selected for each of the 370 primary health care in Catalonia. Indicators were calculated and presented following the social determinants model: demographic (4), socioeconomic (3), morbidity (9), mortality (6), lifestyles (4), preventive practices (1), resources and use of health services (9) and physical environment (2). These indicators will allow health professionals to carry out local health assessments in a fast and systematic manner.

An overview of the macrocyclic lactones (ML), with recent results and their effect on the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, is presented in this paper. This review describes in detail the chemistry, pharmacokinetics and dose presentation, security and time withdrawal and environmental safety of the groups belonging to ML: avermectins (ivermectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, abamectin) and milbemycin (moxidectin). There is also a discussion on their efficacy and the problem of resistance of R. (B.) microplus to ML. Finally, it is concluded that due to their high lipid solubility ML are widely distributed in tissues, being effective in the control of R. (B.) microplus in cattle. The efficacy of short-acting ivermectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, abamectin and moxidectin are similar ( 90% effective after four weeks post treatment, PT) to control adult stages of R. (B.) microplus, however, in long-acting LM are available the market and present efficiency of 95% with persistence up to 70 days PT.

The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented opportunity to exploit the advantages of personalized medicine for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, surveillance and management of a new challenge in public health. COVID-19 infection is highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe, life-threatening manifestations. Personalized medicine can play a key role in elucidating individual susceptibility to the infection as well as inter-individual variability in clinical course, prognosis and response to treatment. Integrating personalized medicine into clinical practice can also transform health care by enabling the design of preventive and therapeutic strategies tailored to individual profiles, improving the detection of outbreaks or defining transmission patterns at an increasingly local level. SARS-CoV2 genome sequencing, together with the assessment of specific patient genetic variants, will support clinical decision-makers and ultimately better ways to fight this disease. Additionally, it would facilitate a better stratification and selection of patients for clinical trials, thus increasing the likelihood of obtaining positive results. Lastly, defining a national strategy to implement in clinical practice all available tools of personalized medicine in COVID-19 could be challenging but linked to a positive transformation of the health care system. In this review, we provide an update of the achievements, promises, and challenges of personalized medicine in the fight against COVID-19 from susceptibility to natural history and response to therapy, as well as from surveillance to control measures and vaccination. We also discuss strategies to facilitate the adoption of this new paradigm for medical and public health measures during and after the pandemic in health care systems. Yes

Este volumen aporta las investigation investigaciones más recientes y décadas de experiencia, cubriendo las zonas truferas más destacadas, entre las que se incluyen España, Francia, Italia y Asia, así como las recién llegadas: Australia, Nueva Zelanda y los Estados Unidos.

Este texto es la reediccion de un articulo publicado en italiano, con varias modificaciones, adaptado como cuaderno de estudio en cursos de master y como ejemplo de discusion epistemologica, primer paso hacia la investigacion en didactica de la matematica.