13 results on '"González-Estecha, Montserrat"'
Search Results
2. Evaluación económica del impacto de la prohibición de plomo en las gasolinas en el cociente intelectual de los niños de 7 y 8 años de la Comunidad de Madrid
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Ordóñez-Iriarte, José M.ª, Guillén-Pérez, José Jesús, Bodas-Pinedo, Andrés, Aparicio-Madre, Manuel Ignacio, Martínez-García, María José, González-Estecha, Montserrat, and Cabasés-Hita, Juan Manuel
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Gasolina ,Disability evaluation ,Plomo ,Evaluación de la discapacidad ,Childood ,Public policy ,Environmental economics ,Test de inteligencia ,Health Impact assessment ,Políticas ambientales ,Environmental pollution ,Evaluación del Impacto en la Salud ,Contaminación ambiental ,Lead ,Niño ,Economía ambiental ,Gasoline - Abstract
Fundamentos: La evaluación económica de las repercusiones sanitarias de las políticas públicas es difícil y escasa. El objetivo del presente estudio fue cuantificar monetariamente los beneficios de la reducción del plomo en la sangre de los niños de 7-8 años en la Comunidad de Madrid (España), derivada de la prohibición del plomo en las gasolinas. Métodos: Se calculó la disminución de puntos de cociente intelectual (CI), utilizando dos estudios realizados en niños de 7 a 8 años según los valores de plomo en sangre que presentaban: media geométrica de 3,8 μg/dL en 1995 y 0,9 μg/dL en 2010. La mejoría neta de CI se midió en términos de capacidad de producción ganada a lo largo de la vida laboral, siguiendo los métodos de Schwartz y Salkiver. Resultados: La reducción de los niveles de plomo en sangre de estos niños evitó perder entre 135.391 y 144.153 puntos de CI. La valoración económica actual de estos puntos en términos de capacidad de producción ganada a lo largo de la vida laboral de estos sujetos se estimó en un rango entre 626,4 y 865,4 millones de euros (valor 2009). Conclusiones: Las cifras de beneficios económicos encontradas derivadas de la medida de prohibición de uso de plomo en las gasolinas son importantes en términos sociales. Background: The repercussions on health of public policies are hard to assess from an economic point of view, which is why this is rarely done. The purpose of this study was to financially quantify the benefits of reducing blood lead levels in children aged 7-8 years in the Community of Madrid (Spain) as a result of the ban on the use of lead in gasoline. Methods: The decrease the intellectual quotient (IQ) points was calculated through two studies on children aged 7-8 years according to their blood lead levels. A geometric mean of 3.8 μg/dl was obtained in the 1995 study and of 0.9 μg/dl in the 2010 study. The net increase in IQ was measured in terms of productivity gained throughout the working life as per the methods of Schwartz and Salkever. Results: The decrease in blood lead levels in these children prevented a loss of between 135,391 and 144,153 IQ points; the current economic valuation of these points in terms of the productivity gained throughout the working life of this cohort of children was estimated to fall within the €626.4m- €865.4m range (2009). Conclusions: The figures of the economic benefits derived from the decision to ban leaded gasoline are very high.
- Published
- 2015
3. Cádmio presente no sangue e a sua relação com o consumo de tabaco numa população de trabalhadores de um hospital
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Díaz Díaz, Avellaneda, González-Estecha, Montserrat, Trasobares Iglesias, Elena M., Morales Bayle, César, Fuentes Ferrer, Manuel, and Fernández Pérez, Cristina
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inorganic chemicals ,cadmium ,cádmio ,tabaco ,fumo do tabaco ,fumador passivo ,passive smoker ,tobacco ,tobacco smoke ,humo de tabaco ,cadmio ,fumador pasivo ,Medicine - Abstract
Exposure to cadmium is a public health problem due to the broad exposure to this toxic substance among the general population. The main sources of exposure are both tobacco consumption and tobacco smoke.The aim of this study was to determine the blood cadmium concentration in an employee population drawn from our hospital and its association with tobacco consumption.The exposure questionnaire PESA® was administered to 395 employees. Blood cadmium was measured by electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry.The median blood cadmium concentration was 0.29 μg/L. The median cadmium of current smokers (0.83 μg/L) was the highest, while that for ex-smokers (0.31 μg/L) was also higher than that for those who had never smoked. Among the smokers, an association was observed between the concentration of blood cadmium and the number of cigarettes inhaled.The group of ex-smokers showed an association with the number of cigarettes they had consumed and a negative correlation between the elapsed time between quitting smoking and the concentration of blood cadmium.In never smokers, there was a difference between the concentration of cadmium in those who were passive smokers (0.24 μg/L) and those who were not (0.20 μg/L).The concentration of cadmium in blood is related to the tobacco consumption. Further studies are needed to confirm the finding of higher concentrations of cadmium in passive smokers. La exposición de la población general al cadmio es un problema de salud pública, siendo las principales fuentes tanto el consumo de tabaco como la exposición al humo del mismo.El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la concentración de cadmio en sangre en una población laboral hospitalaria y su asociación con el consumo de tabaco.Se administró el cuestionario PESA® a 395 sujetos. El cadmio en sangre se midió por espectrometría de absorción atómica con atomización electrotérmica.La mediana de cadmio en sangre fue 0,29 μg/L. La mediana de cadmio de los fumadores (0,83 μg/L) fue la más elevada y la de los exfumadores (0,31 μg/L) fue a su vez más elevada que la de aquellos que nunca habían fumado (0,21 μg/L). Dentro del grupo de fumadores, se observó una asociación entre la concentración de cadmio y el número de cigarrillos inhalados.En el grupo de exfumadores se observó una asociación con el número de cigarrillos que habían consumido y una correlación negativa entre el tiempo transcurrido desde el abandono del hábito tabáquico y la concentración de cadmio en sangre.Dentro del grupo de los que nunca habían fumado, se observó una diferencia entre la concentración de cadmio de los fumadores pasivos (0,24 μg/L) y los que no lo eran (0,20 μg/L).La concentración de cadmio en sangre se relacionó con el consumo de tabaco. Son necesarios más estudios para confirmar el hallazgo de concentraciones de cadmio más elevadas en los fumadores pasivos. A exposição da população em geral ao cádmio é um problema de saúde pública, sendo as principais fontes o consumo de tabaco e a exposição ambiental ao fumo do mesmo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a concentração de cádmio no sangue numa população de trabalhadores de um hospital e a sua associação com o consumo de tabaco. Aplicou-se um questionário PESA® a 395 indivíduos. O cádmio no sangue mediu-se por espectrometria de absorção atómica com atomização eletrotérmica. A mediana de cádmio no sangue foi 0,29 μg/L. A mediana de cádmio nos fumadores (0,83 μg/L) foi a mais elevada e a dos ex-fumadores (0,31 μg/L) foi superior à dos indivíduos que nunca tinham fumado (0,21 μg/L). Dentro do grupo de fumadores, observou-se uma associação entre a concentração de cádmio e o número de cigarros fumados. No grupo de ex-fumadores observou-se uma associação com o número de cigarros que tinham consumido e uma correlação negativa entre o tempo decorrido desde o abandono do hábito tabágico e a concentração de cádmio no sangue. Dentro do grupo de pessoas que nunca tinham fumado, observou-se uma diferença entre a concentração de cádmio nos fumadores passivos (0,24 μg/L) em relação àqueles que não o eram (0,20 μg/L). A concentração de cádmio no sangue está relacionada com o consumo de tabaco. São necessários mais estudos para confirmar a existência de concentrações mais altas de cádmio no sangue de fumadores passivos.
- Published
- 2012
4. Procedimiento de validación de un método para cuantificar mercurio en sangre por espectroscopía de absorción atómica con descomposición térmica y amalgamación
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Palazón Bru, Irene, González-Estecha, Montserrat, and Arroyo Fernández, Manuel
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- 2015
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5. Procedimiento de validación de un método para cuantificar cromo en suero por espectroscopía de absorción atómica con atomización electrotérmica
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Palazón Bru, Irene, López Lozano, Lorena, Palazón Bru, Antonio, Arroyo Fernández, Manuel, and González-Estecha, Montserrat
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- 2015
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6. Procedimiento de validación de un método para cuantificar cobalto en suero por espectroscopia de absorción atómica con atomización electrotérmica
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López Lozano, Lorena, Palazón Bru, Irene, Palazón Bru, Antonio, Arroyo Fernández, Manuel, and González-Estecha, Montserrat
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- 2015
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7. Niveles de plomo en sangre de los niños de la Comunidad de Madrid: efectos sobre su capacidad intelectual y su impacto económico
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Ordóñez Iriarte, José María, Departamentos y Servicios::Departamentos de la UMU::Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Guillén Pérez, José Jesús, González Estecha, Montserrat, Martínez García, María José, and Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias
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lead ,Plomo ,614 - Higiene y salud pública. Contaminación. Prevención de accidentes. Enfermería ,cociente intelectual ,costes económicos ,612 - Fisiología ,children ,blood ,earning benefits ,Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública ,Sanidad pública ,intelligence quotient ,sangre ,niños - Abstract
Con la reducción de los niveles de plomo en sangre desde una media de 3,8 μg/dL que tenían los niños de la Comunidad de Madrid en el año 1995 a una media de 1,1 μg/dL que tienen en al año 2010, se han dejado de perder entre 135.391 y 144.153 puntos de cociente intelectual (CI) entre los niños de 7-8 años, sin tener en cuenta los puntos que se pierden en el tramo por debajo de los 2,4 μg/dL, que a fecha de hoy, no está cuantificado. La capacidad de producción ganada a lo largo de la vida laboral (o los beneficios obtenidos derivados de la disminución de los niveles de plomo en la sangre de los niños de la Comunidad de Madrid), se estima en un abanico que se encontraría entre los 626,4 y los 865,4 millones de euros para toda la vida laboral de los niños de la cohorte de 7-8 años de edad., With the reduction in blood lead levels from a mean of 3.8 mg / dL who were children of the Community of Madrid in 1995 to an average of 1.1 mg / dL who are in the year 2010, have stopped losing between 135,391 and 144,153 points of intelligence quotient (IQ) among children aged 7-8 years, regardless of the points lost in the section below 2.4 mg / dL, which date, not quantified. Production capacity gained throughout working life (or proceeds derived from the reduction of lead levels in the blood of the children of the Community of Madrid), is estimated in a range that would be among the 626,4 to 865,4 million euros for the entire career of the cohort of children 7-8 years old.
- Published
- 2012
8. Plomo y mercurio en sangre en una población laboral hospitalaria y su relación con factores de exposición
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Trasobares Iglesias, Elena M., González Estecha, Montserrat, and Fernández Pérez, Cristina
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Toxicología - Abstract
La liberación de plomo en el medio ambiente ha disminuido en los últimos años en los países desarrollados, sobre todo por la prohibición de la adición de plomo a la gasolina, lo que ha supuesto un importante descenso de los niveles de plomo en la población general. En España, desde la introducción de la gasolina sin plomo los niveles de plomo atmosférico han disminuido en más de un 95%. Pero existen otras fuentes de exposición conocidas en la población general como son el agua procedente de tuberías con plomo y el uso de vasijas de barro vidriada con plomo para la preparación o almacenamiento de alimentos. Nuestra hipótesis se centra en identificar factores de exposición conocidos, asociados a las concentraciones actuales de plomo en sangre. En cuanto al mercurio, el consumo de pescado constituye la fuente de exposición principal al mismo en la población general. Dentro de la Unión Europea somos uno de los países con un consumo más elevado de pescado, por lo que nuestra población de estudio podría tener ingestas de mercurio y concentraciones de mercurio en sangre muy próximas o superiores a las recomendaciones internacionales. La hipótesis planteada es que los trabajadores del Hospital Clínico San Carlos tienen concentraciones elevadas de mercurio en sangre principalmente como consecuencia del consumo de pescado.
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- 2011
9. [Economic Appraisal of the Impact of the Ban on the Use of Lead in Gasoline on the Intellectual Quotient of 7-8 Years Old in the Community of Madrid].
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Ordóñez-Iriarte JM, Guillén-Pérez JJ, Bodas-Pinedo A, Aparicio-Madre MI, Martínez-García MJ, González-Estecha M, and Cabasés-Hita JM
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- Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Efficiency, Employment economics, Environmental Exposure economics, Environmental Exposure legislation & jurisprudence, Female, Health Impact Assessment, Health Policy legislation & jurisprudence, Humans, Intelligence Tests, Male, Spain, Environmental Exposure prevention & control, Environmental Pollutants blood, Environmental Pollutants toxicity, Gasoline, Health Policy economics, Intelligence, Lead blood, Lead toxicity
- Abstract
Background: The repercussions on health of public policies are hard to assess from an economic point of view, which is why this is rarely done. The purpose of this study was to financially quantify the benefits of reducing blood lead levels in children aged 7-8 years in the Community of Madrid (Spain) as a result of the ban on the use of lead in gasoline., Methods: The decrease the intellectual quotient (IQ) points was calculated through two studies on children aged 7-8 years according to their blood lead levels. A geometric mean of 3.8 μg/dl was obtained in the 1995 study and of 0.9 μg/dl in the 2010 study. The net increase in IQ was measured in terms of productivity gained throughout the working life as per the methods of Schwartz and Salkever., Results: The decrease in blood lead levels in these children prevented a loss of between 135,391 and 144,153 IQ points; the current economic valuation of these points in terms of the productivity gained throughout the working life of this cohort of children was estimated to fall within the 626.4m- 865.4m range (2009)., Conclusions: The figures of the economic benefits derived from the decision to ban leaded gasoline are very high.
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. [Consensus document on the prevention of exposure to methylmercury in Spain].
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González-Estecha M, Bodas-Pinedo A, Guillén-Pérez JJ, Rubio-Herrera MÁ, Martínez-Álvarez JR, Herráiz-Martínez MÁ, Martell-Claros N, Ordóñez-Iriarte JM, Sáinz-Martín M, Farré-Rovira R, Martínez-Astorquiza T, García-Donaire JA, Calvo-Manuel E, Bretón-Lesmes I, Prieto-Menchero S, Llorente-Ballesteros MT, Martínez-García MJ, Moreno-Rojas R, Salas-Salvadó J, Bermejo-Barrera P, Cuadrado-Cenzual MÁ, Gallardo-Pino C, Blanco Fuentes M, Torres-Moreno M, Trasobares-Iglesias EM, Barceló Martín B, Arroyo-Fernández M, and Calle-Pascual A
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- Adult, Child, Consensus, Diet, Mediterranean, Food Contamination analysis, Humans, Spain epidemiology, Methylmercury Compounds adverse effects, Methylmercury Compounds analysis, Seafood adverse effects, Seafood analysis
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The beneficial effects of fish consumption in both children and adults are well known. However, the intake of methylmercury, mainly from contaminated fish and shellfish, can have adverse health effects. The study group on the prevention of exposure to methylmercury (GEPREM-Hg), made up of representatives from different Spanish scientific societies, has prepared a consensus document in a question and answer format, containing the group's main conclusions, recommendations and proposals. The objective of the document is to provide broader knowledge of factors associated with methylmercury exposure, its possible effects on health among the Spanish population, methods of analysis, interpretation of the results and economic costs, and to then set recommendations for fish and shellfish consumption. The group sees the merit of all initiatives aimed at reducing or prohibiting the use of mercury as well as the need to be aware of the results of contaminant analyses performed on fish and shellfish marketed in Spain. In addition, the group believes that biomonitoring systems should be set up in order to follow the evolution of methylmercury exposure in children and adults and perform studies designed to learn more about the possible health effects of concentrations found in the Spanish population, ta king into account the lifestyle, eating patterns and the Mediterranean diet., (Copyright AULA MEDICA EDICIONES 2014. Published by AULA MEDICA. All rights reserved.)
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- 2014
- Full Text
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11. [Methylmercury: existing recommendations; methods of analysing and interpreting the results; economic evaluation].
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González-Estecha M, Bodas-Pinedo A, Martínez-García MJ, Trasobares-Iglesias EM, Bermejo-Barrera P, Ordóñez-Iriarte JM, Llorente-Ballesteros MT, Prieto-Menchero S, Guillén-Pérez JJ, Martell-Claros N, Cuadrado-Cenzual MÁ, Rubio-Herrera MÁ, Martínez-Álvarez JR, Calvo-Manuel E, Farré-Rovira R, Herráiz-Martínez MÁ, Bretón Lesmes I, García-Donaire JA, Sáinz-Martín M, Martínez-Astorquiza T, Gallardo-Pino C, Moreno-Rojas R, Salas-Salvadó J, Blanco Fuentes M, Arroyo-Fernández M, and Calle Pascual A
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- Animals, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Fishes, Food Contamination analysis, Food Contamination economics, Humans, Methylmercury Compounds economics, Methylmercury Compounds analysis, Methylmercury Compounds toxicity
- Abstract
The beneficial effects of fish consumption are well- known. Nevertheless, there is worldwide concern regard methylmercury concentrations in fish, which is why many countries such as the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and numerous European countries have made fish consumption recommendations for their populations, particularly vulnerable groups, in order to México methylmercury intake. Blood and hair are the best biological samples for measuring methylmercury. The most widely-used method to analyse methylmercury is cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry, although there are also direct methods based on the thermal decomposition of the sample. In recent years, the number of laboratories that measure mercury by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry has increased. In addition, the different kinds of mercury can be distinguished by coupling chromatography methods of separation. Laboratories that analyse mercury in biological samples need to participate in external quality control programmes. Even if mercury emissions are reduced, mercury may remain in the environment for many years, so dietary recommendations are fundamental in order to reduce exposure. It is necessary to propose public health measures aimed at decreasing mercury exposure and to evaluate the benefits of such measures from the economic and social standpoints., (Copyright AULA MEDICA EDICIONES 2014. Published by AULA MEDICA. All rights reserved.)
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- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. [Methylmercury exposure in the general population; toxicokinetics; differences by gender, nutritional and genetic factors].
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González-Estecha M, Bodas-Pinedo A, Guillén-Pérez JJ, Rubio-Herrera MÁ, Ordóñez-Iriarte JM, Trasobares-Iglesias EM, Martell-Claros N, Martínez-Álvarez JR, Farré-Rovira R, Herráiz-Martínez MÁ, Martínez-Astorquiza T, Calvo-Manuel E, Sáinz-Martín M, Bretón-Lesmes I, Prieto-Menchero S, Llorente-Ballesteros MT, Martínez-García MJ, Salas-Salvadó J, Bermejo-Barrera P, García-Donaire JA, Cuadrado-Cenzual MÁ, Gallardo-Pino C, Moreno-Rojas R, Arroyo-Fernández M, and Calle-Pascual A
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- Aging, Animals, Female, Fishes, Humans, Male, Mercury metabolism, Mercury pharmacokinetics, Seafood, Sex Characteristics, Toxicokinetics, Mercury Poisoning genetics, Mercury Poisoning pathology, Methylmercury Compounds pharmacokinetics, Methylmercury Compounds toxicity, Nutritional Status
- Abstract
Mercury is an environmental toxicant that causes numerous adverse effects on human health and natural ecosystems. The factors that determine the existance of adverse effects, as well as their severity are, among others: the chemical form of mercury (elemental, inorganic, organic), dosis, age, period of exposure, pathways of exposure and environmental, nutritional and genetic factors. In the aquatic cycle of mercury, once it has been deposited, it is transformed into methylmercury due to the action of certain sulphate-reducing bacteria, which bioaccumulates in the aquatic organisms and moves into the food chain. The methylmercury content of large, long-lived fish such as swordfish, shark, tuna or marlin, is higher. Methylmercury binds to protein in fish and is therefore not eliminated by cleaning or cooking the fish. Fetuses and small children are more vulnerable to the neurotoxic effects of methylmercury from the consumption of contaminated fish. Methylmercury is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier and the placenta. The intake of certain dietary components such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, selenium, fiber, thiol compounds, certain phytochemicals and other nutrients can modify methylmercury bioaccesibility and its toxicity. Apart from environmental factors, genetic factors can influence mercury toxicity and explain part of the individual vulnerability., (Copyright AULA MEDICA EDICIONES 2014. Published by AULA MEDICA. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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13. [The effects of methylmercury on health in children and adults; national and international studies].
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González-Estecha M, Bodas-Pinedo A, Rubio-Herrera MÁ, Martell-Claros N, Trasobares-Iglesias EM, Ordóñez-Iriarte JM, Guillén-Pérez JJ, Herráiz-Martínez MÁ, García-Donaire JA, Farré-Rovira R, Calvo-Manuel E, Martínez-Álvarez JR, Llorente-Ballesteros MT, Sáinz-Martín M, Martínez-Astorquiza T, Martínez-García MJ, Bretón Lesmes I, Cuadrado-Cenzual MÁ, Prieto-Menchero S, Gallardo-Pino C, Moreno-Rojas R, Bermejo-Barrera P, Torres-Moreno M, Arroyo-Fernández M, and Calle-Pascual A
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- Adult, Animals, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Mercury Poisoning etiology, Methylmercury Compounds poisoning, Pregnancy, Seafood analysis, Fishes, Mercury Poisoning epidemiology, Methylmercury Compounds toxicity, Seafood adverse effects
- Abstract
The benefit of fish consumption in children and adults is well-known. However, it has been pointed out that excessive methylmercury intake due to consumption of contaminated fish leads to neurological toxicity in children, affecting cognitive function, memory, visual-motor function and language. After the intoxications in Minamata and Iraq, wide-ranging epidemiological studies were carried out in New Zealand, the Faroe Islands and the Seychelles and international recommendations were established for fish consumption in pregnant women and small children. In Spain, the Childhood and Environmental project (INMA, its Spanish acronym) has studied the effects of diet and the environment on fetal and childhood development in different geographic areas of Spain. National and international sudies have demonstrated that mercury concentrations are mainly dependent on fish consumption, although there are variations among countries which can be explained not only by the levels of fish consumption, but also by the type or species of fish that is consumed, as well as other factors. Although the best documented adverse effects of methylmercury are the effects on nervous sytem development in fetuses and newborns, an increasing number of studies indicate that cognitive function, reproduction and, especially, cardiovascular risk in the adult population can also be affected. However, more studies are necessary in order to confirm this and establish the existance of a causal relationship., (Copyright AULA MEDICA EDICIONES 2014. Published by AULA MEDICA. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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