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OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of perioperative delirium (POD) at the Hospital nacioanl Arzobispo Loayza, from October to December 2021. METHODS: Qualitative and prospective observational study, carried out in a population of 910 patients, in which the AMT Test Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) and the Pfeiffer questionnaire (Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, SPMSQ) were applied. We used Chi2 to demonstrate the existence of association and Cramer's V and Phi tests to quantify the intensity of said relationship if it existed. RESULTS: Of the total of patients (910), 18.46% presented perioperative delirium. Sex and religion do not influence this. Age does influence the presentation of POD since 50% (145) of the patients 61 years of age or older presented it, unlike those between 36 -60 years of age only 5.31% and those of 18 - 35 only 0.88% presented POD. According to the level of education: 100% with no education, 73.1% with primary education, 18.5% with secondary education and 5.8% with higher education, presented DPO. According to the anesthetic technique, POD was found in 28.9% (60) of the spinal type with sedation, 22.4% (11) of the epidural type with sedation, 16.7% (83) of the General TIVA TCI type, 12.9% (4) of the Block type with sedation, 9.5% (10) of the General balanced type; for the types of general anesthesia manual TIVA, General Multimodal and Spinal anesthesia without sedation there were no cases of POD. According to the operative time: 100% (9) of the patients with more than 6 hours of operative time, 27.1% (38) of the patients who have 3 to 6 hours of operative time and 16.5% (121) of the patients who have 1 to 3 hours of operative time presented cases of POD. According to hospitalization time prior to surgery: 48% (36) of patients with hospitalization time of 16 to 30 days, 20.5% (26) of patients with hospitalization time of 8 to 15 days and 16% (97) of the patients with hospitalization time of 3 to 7 days presented POD. According to the presence of comorbidities: 51.6% (16) with AHT and RD, 41.7% (30) with Diabetes and 40.8% (20) with AHT and DM2 present POD. According to the presence of dementia: 100% (6) of the patients with a history of dementia and 17.9% (162) of the patients with no history of dementia presented POD. According to psychiatric history, 68.4% (13) of those who did have a history of psychiatric disorder and 17.4% (155) of those who did not have a history of psychiatric disorder presented POD. According to history of psychiatric treatment: 100% (6) of those who do have a history of treatment and 17.9% (162) of those who do not have a history of psychiatric treatment presented POD. According to the pre-surgical and post-surgical PFEIFFER questionnaire: 100% of those with mild, moderate or severe cognitive impairment according to the PFEIFFER PRE QX questionnaire presented POD. According to diagnosis of pre-surgical and post-surgical delirium: 100% presented POD. CONCLUSIONS: There is no association between sex and religion and the presentation of POD. If there is an association between age, educational level, type of anesthesia, operative time, hospitalization time prior to surgery, comorbidities, history of dementia, history of psychiatric disorder, history of psychiatric treatment, pre-, post-surgical Pfeiffer questionnaire, pre-surgical delirium and post-surgical delirium and the presentation of POD,

Los caminos han comenzado en época reciente a valorarse como un recurso patrimonial que trascienden más allá de considerarse una infraestructura vinculada a la antropización del territorio. Actualmente, son escasas las propuestas metodológicas para su caracterización patrimonial. Por ello, este artículo muestra el diseño y aplicación de una metodología interdisciplinar apoyada en la Etnografía Virtual y basada en un análisis histórico-cartográfico que permite registrar y categorizar tipologías de representación asociadas a la evolución de los caminos. Se toma como caso de estudio la región lacustre de Pátzcuaro, en México. El análisis histórico-cartográfico a través de la etnografía virtual permite identificar tipologías de representación asociadas no solo a la evolución histórica de los caminos, sino que también de su vínculo con la antropización del entorno lacustre. Al llegar al periodo contemporáneo, la cartografía muestra los caminos como una mera infraestructura y visibiliza a los pueblos lacustres como piezas separadas en torno al turismo cultural. Con la aplicación de esta metodología, se confirma que la cartografía es una herramienta estratégica y que su evolución ha permitido establecer que, históricamente, los caminos han sido un eje vertebrador en la ordenación y el desarrollo del este territorio en distintos procesos históricos. Su vigencia es reflejo de que esta región se mantenga vigente, dada su actual transferencia al turismo cultural. Es importante visibilizar que son todas estas poblaciones en su conjunto las que le confieren una identidad cultural a la región lacustre y que los caminos son el medio que ha permitido que este territorio evolucione históricamente de acuerdo con la necesidad de sus poblaciones, situación que justifica su consideración como corredor patrimonial.

En los últimos años las metasuperficies se han perfilado como nuevos materiales que pueden utilizarse de manera eficiente en diversos campos prácticos. Aplicaciones como cambio de polarización, antenas, superficies de impedancia y cámaras anecoicas han mostrado resultados esperanzadores en diferentes líneas de investigación. Sin embargo, su modelado y caracterización es complejo comparado con otros tipos de materiales, lo que dificulta la obtención de resultados relevantes de manera eficaz. En este trabajo se presentan algunos de los resultados más importantes asociados a la física de las metasuperficies junto con sus potenciales usos y aplicaciones, describiendo su caracterización en el diseño de antenas: metapantallas y metafilms. Además, se hace un paralelo entre sus ventajas y desventajas y al final se muestran resultados de simulación de diversos subtipos de antenas y el análisis de su comportamiento a distintas frecuencias de operación.

En el año 2001, la Secretaría de Turismo de México (SECTUR) aprueba el programa “Pueblos Mágicos”, como una estrategia para diversificar el turismo al interior del país, a fin de promover e impulsar poblaciones interesadas en adoptar y desarrollar el turismo como parte de un plan de fomento al desarrollo local. Para postular se debía contar con recursos patrimoniales, tanto naturales como históricos o culturales. Tras 17 años de funcionamiento del citado programa, en este trabajo se analiza a tres escalas derivadas de su desarrollo y evolución: primeramente, la forma en la que se ha distribuido geográficamente a lo largo del territorio nacional; luego, el Estado de Michoacán (por contar, a nivel nacional, con 8 Pueblos Mágicos); y, finalmente, la ciudad de Pátzcuaro, escogida como caso de estudio representativo, cuyo objetivo es el de identificar si las mejoras urbanas que se reflejan en el municipio se desprenden de su condición de Pueblo Mágico. Los resultados muestran que el programa ha incorporado 121 poblaciones localizadas en 31 Estados de la República, las cuales se condensan mayormente en la franja central del territorio nacional, lo que muestra una discordancia entre los objetivos originales del programa y su situación actual. A partir de la inmersión turística en Pátzcuaro, las autoras identifican los planes y acciones de mejora urbana que concentran su ejecución en la Zona de Monumentos Históricos (ZMH) y en los alrededores del lago. Centrar los esfuerzos municipales en la mantención de una imagen urbana en la ZMH y un enfoque turístico, puede conllevar a que las carencias de infraestructura que se presentan en barrios y colonias dentro del propio municipio no puedan ser subsanadas.

We present a first study of the diversity and community composition of lichens in seasonally dry tropical forest (DTF) remnants in the Atlántico department, Colombia. Lichens were sampled in two of the three protected areas of the department: Distrito de Manejo Integrado (DMI) Luriza and Reserva Forestal Protectora (RFP) El Palomar. The inventory revealed 61 species, including four new to science: Fissurina linoana Lücking, Moncada & G. Rodr. sp. nov., Graphis lurizana Lücking, Moncada & Celis sp. nov., G. mokanarum Lücking, Moncada & M.C. Martínez sp. nov., and Phaeographis galeanoae Lücking, Moncada & B. Salgado-N. sp. nov. Arthonia erupta and Coenogonium saepincola are new to South America, whereas thirteen species are recorded for Colombia for the first time. Further 37 species are new records for Atlántico, raising the total of species known from the department from 27 to 84. With 42 species at Luriza and 31 at El Palomar, species richness was comparable to that of other DTF sites in the Neotropics. Overlap in species composition between the two sites was remarkably low, with only twelve shared species (20 %), indicating a high level of heterogeneity. Biogeographical affinities lie with Central American DTF, which is in line with those of woody plants. These results underline the importance of the remaining fragments of DTF in Colombia in conserving partially unknown biodiversity and the necessity for their continuing conservation.

Environmental pollution caused by hazardous waste is a growing and globalized problem. Such waste, once emitted, can remain in the environment for hundreds of years. Chemical substances are handled and several operations are carried out in dif-ferent university laboratories, which generates waste that in most cases is dangerous to human health and the environment. Some of these residues include those produced during Gram staining procedures. This paper presents an alternative for treating residues of Gram staining by Hetero-geneous Photocatalysis (HP). Evonik® TiO2 P-25 was used, and the radiation source was a germicidal lamp. In addition, UV-Vis spectroscopy together with COD measure-ments were used as analytical techniques. In view of the nature of these residues, it was decided to treat them in concentra-tions lower than real ones (diluted to 10 %), with TiO2 dosages according to the litera-ture on dying processes. Within 2 hours, a degradation of around 70 % and a reduction of 40 % of the COD were achieved, which shows the feasibility of the implementation of this process to eliminate said wastes.

En el presente artículo, presentamos un análisis de las implicaciones relacionadas con ignorar errores de inspección cuando se implementa un plan de muestreo continuo del primer tipo (CSP-1 por sus siglas en inglés). Nuestro análisis cubre dos escenarios: (1) inspección perfecta o infalible, e (2) inspección imperfecta o falible. Para cada caso, presentamos un correspondiente modelo de optimización cuyo objetivo es el de minimizar el valor esperado del costo total. El comportamiento de los planes CSP-1 es modelado utilizando teoría Markoviana, mientras que la confiabilidad de los sistemas de inspección es modelada mediante un análisis Bayesiano. Las soluciones de ambos modelos son confrontadas para establecer comparaciones entre los dos escenarios.

This paper is a review of a number of articles published between 2000 and 2010 regarding the topic of corporate social responsibility and development in Latin America. The main purpose is to outline key trends of academic research addressing this field. To carry out this review, four main journals on business, society and development issues were selected and 50 articles were analyzed. A multilevel approach was developed to analyze the different themes related to corporate social responsibility and development in Latin America. The main themes that have emerged from this literature review are related to increased attention from the private sector towards stakeholders' issues and the proliferation of new alternatives of public-private alliances and cross-sectorial initiatives. This article offers new insights regarding some gaps in the literature available and future avenues for research in the relationship between corporate social responsibility and development concerns

Se analizan cuatro algoritmos localizadores de fallas en líneas de transmisión, aplicados en el sistema de transmisión nacional colombiano. Se determina cual es más preciso y eficiente. Finalmente, se verifican por medio de simulaciones en EMTP/ATP, y se toman los resultados para desarrollar criterios de precisión.

This work presents the floristic inventory of six areas of Tropical dry forest in Department of Atlántico and Bolívar. The localities studied are priority areas for biodiversity conservation, maintenance of environmental services, and protection of archaeological values, landscape and / or tourism. There were a total of 314 species distributed in 232 genera and 73 families. Leguminosae is the family most represented in this study, with 61 species and 37 genera, followed Malvaceae (17/14) and Bignoniaceae (16/14). The habit better represented in species richness was trees (44%), followed by shrubs (21%) and herbs (16%). Between all plant species recorded, 20 have been evaluated under IUCNâs criterions, four of them, are included in the âendangeredâ category (EN): Aspidosperma polyneuron (carreto), Belencita nemorosa (calabacilla), Bulnesia arborea (guayacán) and Pachira quinata (ceiba roja). It is important to point out that 45 % of the plants have at least one known use in the region, which are linked with social, cultural and ecological process.

Objective: This study examines Axis I comorbidity in patients with borderline personality disorder as compared with patients with other personality disorders and to patients without personality disorders., Methods: A total of 235 clinical histories were evaluated. These were divided into three groups: 92 pertaining to patients with borderline personality disorder, 69 to ones having other personality disorders and 74 to patients without personality disorders. For purposes of statistical analysis, ANOVA and chi-square were employed., Results: There were 89 (96.7%) patients with borderline personality disorder who had at least one Axis I diagnosis, and 13 (16.3%) who had three or more diagnoses, significantly higher in comparison to other groups (p = 0.0001)., Conclusions: The comorbidity of Axis I diagnoses and borderline personality disorder was found to be high. Borderline personality disorder was significantly associated with mood, anxiety and substance use disorders. A prospective investigation is suggested.