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Burmeister reconoció la especie Panochthus bullifer basándose en restos procedentes de sedimentos neógenos de las sierras de Córdoba. En 1925 Castellanos fundó, para esta especie, el género Propanochthus considerando que los rasgos anatómicos de Panochthus bullifer son suficientemente diferentes a las demás especies de Panochthus. El material tipo de esta especie procede del “Brocherense” de Castellanos. En esta contribución se presenta por primera vez la diagnosis formal de Propanochthus bullifer. Asimismo, se describe el material empleando una terminología más actualizada y apropiada, comparándolo con el de especies afines. El holotipo corresponde a un fragmento de la región posterodorsal de la coraza dorsal y al tubo caudal completo. La ornamentación de los osteodermos de la coraza tiene una gran figura central rodeada por varias hileras (hasta cinco) de figuritas periféricas. La figura central de la zona más anterior es plana y la de la zona posterior convexa, en algunos casos bastante abultada. En los osteodermos del margen posterior, la figura central se ubica caudalmente y está precedida por hasta siete hileras de figuritas. El tubo caudal es más grácil que en Panochthus; es deprimido y su extremo distal es notoriamente romo. Dorsalmente su ornamentación está constituida por figuras centrales planas rodeadas de una hilera de figuritas periféricas (excepcionalmente dos); lateralmente, posee cuatro grandes figuras subelípticas rugosas rodeadas por figuritas y separadas entre sí por dos figuras enfrentadas, menores, subelípticas y rugosas. A su vez, se señala la distribución estratigráfica y geográfica, Formación Brochero (Montehermosense-Chapadmalalense [Plioceno temprano-Plioceno tardío]) de las Sierras de Córdoba; también se discute y se aclara la cronológica., Xenarthra is a diverse group of mammals characteristic of the Neotropical Region. They occur in South America and they are primarily classifi ed into two large groups: Pilosa and Cingulata. The Glyptodontidae are the larger-sized Cingulata group and are recorded from the middle Eocene until the early Holocene; it is noticeable the presence of a dorsal carapace with rigid sutures, in contrast with the other Cingulata (dasypodid and pampatheres). Burmeister recognized Panochthus bullifer, on the basis of fossils from Neogene sediments of the sierras in Córdoba Province. In 1925 Castellanos founded, for this species, the genus Propanochthus, on the ground that the anatomical features of Panochthus bullifer are suffi ciently different from the other species of Panochthus. Type material of this species is derived comes from the “Brocherian” of Castellanos. This species was traditionally placed in the “Hoplophorinae” subfamily and “Panochthini” tribe; recent phylogenetic analysis showed that neither of them is a natural group. This contribution provides the first formal diagnosis of Propanochthus bullifer. It also describes the material using a more up-todate and appropriate terminology, comparing it with the related species. The holotype corresponds to a fragment of the postero-dorsal region of the dorsal carapace and the complete caudal tube. The ornamentation of the osteoderms of the carapace has a large central figure surrounded by up to five rows of peripheral small figures. The central figure is flat in the anterior area, convex in the posterior area, and fairly blistered on the margin. In the osteoderms of the posterior margin, the central figure lies caudally, preceded by up to seven rows of small figures. The caudal tube is slightly smaller than in Panochthus; it is depressed and its distal end is notoriously blunt. In dorsal view, the ornamentation consists of flat central figures surrounded by a row (occasionally two rows) of peripheral figures. In lateral view, it has four large sub-elliptical rough figures surrounded by small figures and separated from each other by two opposing smaller subelliptical rough figures. Furthermore, the stratigraphic and geographic distribution of the species is defined, Brochero Formation (Montehermosan-Chapadmalalan [early Pliocenelate Pliocene]) of the Sierras de Córdoba, and the antiquity is discussed., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

The morphology and disposition of the bone elements of the hyoid apparatus preserved in fossil mammals allow us to elaborate hypotheses about how the language participates in obtaining, processing and swallowing the food. Traditionally, in the phylogenetic analyzes of xenarthra, dental, skeletal and molecular characters have been used. In this case, an analysis was performed using exclusively hyoid apparatus characters. The possible importance of these characters in the phylogeny of xenarthros is discussed here. A second analysis is carried out, forcing the monophyly of the large traditional xenarthra groups. We also review aspects of the monophyly of glyptodontids. A matrix of 15 taxa and 30 characters of the hyoid apparatus was constructed, 9 modified from the existing literature and 21 constitute an original contribution. The analyses were carried out with the TNT program, through an exhaustive search. In the first analysis, a maximum parsimony tree was obtained (L = 60), (CI = 0.75), (IR = 0.87), from which the Bremer and Bootstrap support values were calculated. In this first analysis, all xenarthrans are recovered as a natural group. However, despite considering the monophyly of the glyptodontids there are some discrepancies in the relationships of large groups of xenarthrans. In the second analysis, by forcing monophylls, a maximum parsimony tree was obtained (L = 77), (CI = 0.58), (IR = 0.72). Glyptodontidae is the only natural group with taxonomic status present in both analyses, it is also the clade of Xenarthra with closer phylogenetic linkage and greater reliability. A morfologia e disposição dos elementos ósseos do aparelho hioide preservados em mamíferos fósseis, permitem elaborar hipóteses a respeito de como a língua participa na obtenção, processamento e deglutição do alimento. Tradicionalmente, nas análises filogenéticas dos xenartros, são utilizados caracteres dentários, esqueléticos e moleculares. O que se discute aqui é a possível relevância do uso destes caracteres na filogenia dos xenartros. Uma segunda análise foi feita, forçando o monofiletismo dos grandes grupos tradicionais dos xenartros. Também foi revisado aspectos sobre o monofiletismo dos gliptodontes. Foi construida uma matriz com 15 táxons e 30 caracteres referentes ao aparelho hioide, sendo que nove modificados da literatura existente e 21 originais. As análises foram feitas com o programa TNT, através de uma busca exaustiva. Na primeira análise foi recuperada uma árvore de máxima parcimônia (L=60), (IC=0,75), (IR=0,87), da qual foi calculado os índices de suporte de Bremer e Bootstrap. Nesta primeira análise foi recuperada uma topologia com todos xenartros como grupo natural. Apesar de se considerar a monofilia dos gliptodontes, existem algumas discrepâncias em relação aos grandes grupos de xenartros. Na segunda análise, forçando o monofiletismo, se obteve uma árvore de máxima parcimônia (L=77), (IC=0,58), (IR=0,72). Gliptodontidae foi o único grupo natural presente em ambas as análises e também foi o clado de xenartros com vinculação filogenética mais próxima e com maior confiabilidade. Fil: Zamorano, Martín. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina

Fil: Zurita, Alfredo Eduardo. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Corrientes; Argentina Fil: Scillato-Yané, Gustavo Juan. División Paleontología Vertebrados. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina Fil: Ciancio, Martín Ricardo. División Paleontología Vertebrados. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina Fil: Zamorano, Martín. División Paleontología Vertebrados. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina Fil: González-Ruiz, Laureano Raúl. Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Evolución y Biodiversidad.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Esquel. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco; Argentina

It is described the second fossil record of the family Camelidae and the first of the genus Palaeolama for Costa Rica, which was found together with Glyptotherium plates. This association provides new data about the Great American Biotic Interchange. The material fossil assigned to Camelidae consists of a rear left metapodial. Based on previous studies of fossils from nearby areas these new records are assigned an Early Irvigtonian age. Se presenta el segundo registro fósil de la familia Camelidae, y primero del género Palaeolama para Costa Rica, hallado junto a placas de Glyptotherium. Esta asociación proporciona nuevos datos del Gran Intercambio Biótico Americano. El fósil del Camelidae consiste de un metapodial posterior izquierdo. Con base en estudios anteriores de hallazgos de mamíferos fósiles en localidades cercanas se le asigna una edad Irvingtoniano Temprano.

We design a neotype for Panochthus tuberculatus (Owen), given that the holotype is missing. A diagnosis and detailed description of the neotype is provided. Glyptodon tuberculatus is the type species of Panochthus Burmeister, one of the genera of giant Pleistocene glyptodonts. P. tuberculatus is recorded in the Bonaerean (late middle Pleistocene) and Lujanian (thus far only for the late Pleistocene lapse of this age) of Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, Paraguay and, with doubts, Bolivia. Firstly, the species was recognized on the basis of two fragments of dorsal armor; this type material (two syntypes) must be considered as lost, given that it has not been found in the collections of British Museum Natural History, where it was deposited. It is essential that material assigned to P. tuberculatus be made available, to establish the validity of each of the 19 species referred to this genus. The selected material is the complete specimen MLP 16-29, from the Bonaerean of Tapalqué (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina). The specimen of P. tuberculatus MLP 16-29 fulfills all the conditions required by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and the designed neotype satisfies all the required subsections. The conclusions are: (i) the specimen MLP 16-29, consisting of nearly complete skeleton and armor of a glyptodontid, until now referred to P. morenoi, becomes the neotype of P. tuberculatus; and (ii) consequently, P. morenoi (sensu Ameghino, 1889), is a synonym of P. tuberculatus., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

En esta contribución describimos un nuevo género y especie de Glyptodontidae, proveniente de una nueva localidad fosilífera del Mioceno medio, denominada Tranquera Blanca (noroeste de la provincia del Chubut, Patagonia, Argentina). Los materiales más completos recuperados incluyen osteodermos del escudo cefálico, de la coraza dorsal y de la coraza caudal. Los caracteres más conspicuos de este nuevo taxón son: a) osteodermos del escudo cefálico de gran tamaño y sin el patrón de ornamentación de los osteodermos de la coraza; b) osteodermos de la coraza dorsal puntuados y con márgenes irregulares; c) osteodermos móviles en la región antero-lateral de la coraza dorsal; d) osteodermos de la región postero-lateral de la coraza con figuras periféricas antero-laterales accesorias; e) osteodermos de los anillos de la coraza caudal con grandes y numerosos forámenes; f) ausencia de un tubo caudal rígido desarrollado. Este nuevo taxón comparte a nivel de los osteodermos, ciertos caracteres con los Propalaehoplophorinae, Hoplophorinae Hoplophorini y Glyptodontinae. Además del nuevo taxón aquí descripto, la revisión de los Glyptodontidae previamente reconocidos para el Mioceno medio patagónico (SALMA Friasense) indica la presencia de: Propalaehoplophorinae gen. et sp. indet., Eonaucum colloncuranum (Glyptodontidae incertae sedis), Propalaehoplophorus informis (Propalaehoplophorinae), Palaehoplophoroides rothi (Palaehoplophorini), Palaehoplophorus meridionalis (Palaehoplophorini) y Glyptodontidae gen. et sp. indet. Por último se correlaciona tentativamente la localidad tipo con otras localidades fosilíferas del Mioceno medio., In this contribution we described a new genus and species of Glyptodontidae, coming from a new middle Miocene fossiliferous locality named Tranquera Blanca (northwest of Chubut Province, Patagonia Argentina, Patagonia). The most complete specimen recovered includes osteoderms from the cephalic shield, dorsal carapace and caudal armour. The most remarkable features of these new taxon are: a) osteoderms from the cephalic shield large and without the dorsal carapace ornamentation pattern; b) osteoderms from the dorsal carapace punctuated and with irregular edges; c) movable osteoderms in the antero-lateral region of the dorsal carapace; d) osteoderms from the postero-lateral region of the dorsal carapace with accessory antero-lateral peripheralfigures; e) osteoderms from de caudal rings of the caudal armour with large and numerous foramina; f large and rigid caudal tube absent. A revision of the previously recognized Glyptodontidae for the patagonian middle Miocene ("Friasian" SALMA) indicates that taxa present includes (apart of the new taxon here described): Propalaehoplophorinae gen. et sp. indet., Eonaucum colloncuranum (Glyptodontidae incertae sedis), Propalaehoplophorus informis (Propalaehoplophorinae), Palaehoplophoroides rothi (Palaehoplophorini), Palaehoplophorus meridionalis (Palaehoplophorini) and Glyptodontidae gen. et sp. indet. Finally, the type locality is tentatively correlated with other fossiliferous localities of the middle Miocene, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

Glyptodontidae from southern South America are poorly known since most of the record are limited to remains of the dorsal and/or caudal armour. In this sense, the exceptions are represented by Paraglyptodon chapadmalensis (Ameghino in Rovereto), a fossil guide of the Upper Chapadmalalan Stage, and the Plohophorini Plohophorus figuratus Ameghino. On the other hand, the "Hoplophorinae" Hoplophorini are glyptodonts that have its first records during the Huayquerian (late Miocene) and "Araucanian" Stages (late Miocene-early Pliocene), but they are almost absents during the Chapadmalalan-Marplatan Stages (Pliocene-early Pleistocene). Later, the Hoplophorini (Neosclerocalyptus Paula Couto) are, together with Glyptodon Owen, the most common South American Pleistocene Glyptodontidae. In this contribution we report the first record of a Chapadmalalan Hoplophorini, assigned to the genus Eosclerocalyptus C. Ameghino (Eosclerocalyptus cf. E. lineatus), coming from the Mar del Plata locality, Buenos Aires province (Argentina). This new material, represented by a complete dorsal carapace, was exhumed from the upper section of the Chapadmalalan Formation. From a morphological perspective, this dorsal carapace shows an intermediate size between E. tapinocephalus Cabrera, E. proximus (Moreno & Mercerat) and Neosclerocalyptus Paula Couto. Together with cf. Paraglyptodon chapadmalensis and Plohophorus figuratus Ameghino those records represents the most entire Pliocene Glyptodontidae known and, in addition, it partially complete the stratigraphical distribution of the Glyptodontidae Hoplophorini., Los Glyptodontidae del Neógeno tardío (Pisos/Edades Chapadmalalense-Marplatense; ca. 3.9-1.8 Ma) constituyen un grupo escasamente conocido, en tanto la mayoría de los registros están limitados a restos aislados de la coraza dorsal y/o caudal. Las únicas excepciones están representadas por Paraglyptodon chapalmalensis (Ameghino in Rovereto), un fósil guía para el Chapadmalalense superior, y el Plohophorini Plohophorus figuratus Ameghino. Por otro lado, los “Hoplophorinae” Hoplophorini son gliptodontes que tienen sus primeros registros durante los Pisos Huayqueriense (Mioceno tardío) y “Araucanense” (Mioceno tardío-Plioceno), pero están prácticamente ausentes durante los Pisos Chapadmalalense-Marplatense (Plioceno-Pleistoceno temprano). Posteriormente, los Hoplophorini (Neosclerocalyptus Paula Couto) son, junto con Glyptodon Owen, los Glyptodontidae de registro más frecuente en el Pleistoceno de América del Sur. En esta contribución damos a conocer el primer registro de un Hoplophorini de antigüedad Chapadmalalense, asignado al género Eosclerocalyptus C. Ameghino (Eosclerocalyptus cf. E. lineatus). Este nuevo material, representado por una coraza dorsal, fue exhumado de la sección superior de la Fm. Chapadmalal, Mar del Plata, provincia de Buenos Aires. Desde una perspectiva morfológica, esta coraza presenta un tamaño intermedio entre E. tapinocephalus Cabrera, E. proximus (Moreno & Mercerat) y Neosclerocalyptus Paula Couto. Junto con cf. Paraglyptodon chapalmalensis y Plohophorus figuratus Ameghino, estos registros representan los Glyptodontidae Pliocenos más completos que se conocen; a su vez, completa parcialmente la distribución estratigráfica de los Glyptodontidae Hoplophorini., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

El objeto de esta nota es dar a conocer un nuevo registro de Glyptotherium para Costa Rica, procedente de la localidad ubicada entre el rio Chachagua y el rio Piedras Blancas, propiamente en la margen norte de un afluente del Rio Piedras Blancas, en un talud somero muy erosionado, constituido por bancos de arenas volcaniclasticas gruesas y arcillas (coordenadas aprox. 84°35'20' Wy 10°24'21' N).

Fil: Tonni, Eduardo Pedro. División Paleontología Vertebrados. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina