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Study Design A literature review. Objective The assessment of the efficacy of Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) in treatment of Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS) in terms of chronic pain management, reducing the use of pain medication, improvement of the overall quality of life and cost-effectiveness of the method in comparison to conventional medical management (CMM) and spinal revision surgery. Methods A review of the clinical data from prospective studies, clinical trials and systematic reviews was conducted to provide on overview of the effectiveness of Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) in treatment of Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS). Results and Conclusion Numerous studies have proven the efficacy and safety of SCS in this patient population, in terms of managing neuropathic pain, reduction of pain medication use, quality of life improvement and cost-effectiveness as compared to CMM and re-operation. Careful preoperative patient selection and psychological screening is required in order to ensures optimal treatment results.

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains a significant cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. It is defined as excessive bleeding, typically more than 500 ml of blood loss within the first 24 hours after childbirth. The Bakri Balloon technique has emerged as a promising solution for managing PPH, offering a minimally invasive approach to achieving hemostasis and preventing the need for more invasive surgical procedures. Aims: The aim of this paper review is to provide an overview of the effectiveness of intrauterine balloon tamponade in managing PPH. Methods: We conducted this paper review by selecting articles, retrospective cohort studies and reviews from clinical trials from PubMed. Results: Numerous studies have shown high success rates of treating PPH using The Bakri Balloon intrauterine tamponade. Conclusions: The Bakri Balloon intrauterine tamponade is an effective method in the management of primary postpartum hemorrhage.

AIM: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have gained significant importance in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. One of the adverse effects while using SGLT-2 inhibitors is euglycemic ketoacidosis (euDKA) - acute life-threatening emergency. METHODS: The following review of case reports was based on articles published in 2023, obtained from the PubMed databases. Key search terms included “case report”, “sglt-2”, “sglt-2i”, “sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors”, “dka”. “eudka”, “euglycemic ketoacidosis”. RESULTS: In the literature, cases of euDKA correlated with the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors are described. CONCLUSION: There is a need for greater observation of the frequency of the adverse effects in patients taking sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and for raising awareness among doctors about the possibility of developing euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis during the SGLT-2 inhibitors therapy.

Hair loss is a common concern affecting individuals worldwide. With various therapies available to address this issue, it prompts the search for effective treatments and prevention methods. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy has emerged as a promising option for hair restoration, leveraging the regenerative properties of platelets to stimulate hair growth. This comprehensive review aims to synthesize the existing literature on the use of PRP in hair restoration treatments. A systematic search of major databases was conducted to identify relevant studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of PRP therapy for hair loss of the scalp. Eligible studies were selected based on predetermined inclusion criteria, and data extraction was performed to capture key findings, including patient demographics, PRP preparation methods, treatment protocols, and outcomes measured. The review encompasses both clinical trials and observational studies, providing insights into the effectiveness of PRP therapy in promoting hair regrowth, improving hair density and therefore enhancing patient satisfaction. Additionally, safety considerations, adverse events, and limitations of current evidence are discussed. Overall, this review highlights the growing body of evidence supporting the use of PRP in hair restoration treatments while identifying areas for further research and clinical refinement.