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Las desigualdades socioeconómicas son una causa de mortalidad y morbilidad superior a la mayoría de factores de riesgo, especialmente en el entorno urbano. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la evidencia científica, en la que se incluyó artículos en inglés, castellano, portugués e italiano y se excluyeron estudios de baja evidencia, y en los que no se analizaba la relación entre mortalidad y nivel socioeconómico en un entorno urbano. La selección de artículos se llevó a cabo por dos revisores independientes y la extracción de datos se realizó con tablas de evidencia. Se obtuvieron 1.509 registros y se incluyeron 24. En todos los trabajos se observó mayor mortalidad en las áreas con peores indicadores de privación. Se observó asociación con patologías cardiovasculares en seis estudios, en cuatro con patologías pulmonares y en tres con SIDA, infecciones y parasitosis y cirrosis. Los estudios incluidos presentan resultados poco consistentes y limitaciones metodológicas importantes que impiden la comparación entre estudios y la extracción de conclusiones relevantes.

Uno de los indicadores más relevantes para evaluar la seguridad del paciente es la incidencia de eventos adversos (EA). Las úlceras por presión (UPP) son un EA con una incidencia muy elevada en las unidades de cuidados intensivos. El objetivo de este estudio es valorar la efectividad de una intervención formativa en prevención de UPP a través de la valoración de la incidencia y la gravedad de las lesiones en una unidad de cuidados intensivos quirúrgicos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuasi experimental de controles antes-después. Los resultados muestran que la incidencia de UPP disminuye tras la intervención formativa.One of the most relevant indicators to assess patient safety is the incidence of adverse events (AE). Pressure Ulcers (PU) are an AE with a high incidence in intensive care units. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a formative intervention on prevention of PU through the assessment of the incidence and the severity of PU in the pre and the post intervention periods, in an intensive care surgical unit. We have carried out a quasi experimental study of pre and post controls. The results show that the incidence of PU is lower after the formative intervention.

Objective: Currently in developed countries there is an increase in the consumption of roll your own tobacco, which is associated with a higher proportion of users of this form of tobacco who wish to make an attempt to quit. The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of tobacco cessation interventions based on the type of tobacco consumed., Methods: Longitudinal study of a cohort of 641 smokers recruited between 2015 and 2018 in a health area of Galicia included in smoking cessation programs, based on psychological counseling and pharmacological treatment. The characteristics and success of the intervention were evaluated in two groups: roll your own tobacco smokers (RYO) and manufactured tobacco smokers (MT). A logistic regression was performed to determine the probability of success in smoking cessation. The risk measure was the odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval., Results: RYO users started at a younger age and had a lower sociocultural stratum than MT users. Interventions to quit smoking in RYO users were associated with less abstinence at 4 weeks (52% MT vs 38% LT) (OR: 0.5; 95% CI 0.35-0.99; p=0.045;) and at 3 months (42% TM vs 30% TL) (OR:0.6; 95% CI 0.33-0.98; p=0.04)., Conclusions: Smoking cessation programs are less effective in short-term RYO users. There are no differences in long-term abstinence between the two groups., Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Objective: To assess moral distress (MD) among Spanish critical care healthcare professionals (HCPs)., Design: Cross-sectional, prospective study., Setting: ICUs in Spain., Participants: HCPs currently working in Spanish ICUs., Interventions: A 55-item questionnaire was electronically distributed., Main Variables: The questionnaire included work-related and socio-demographic characteristics, the Spanish version of the Measure of Moral Distress for Health Care Professionals (MMD-HP-SPA), and the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey (HECS)., Results: In total, 1065 intensive care providers completed the questionnaire. Three out of four validity hypotheses were supported. MD was significantly higher for physicians (80, IQR 40-135) than for nurses (61, IQR 35-133, p=0.026). MD was significantly higher for those clinicians considering leaving their position (78, IQR 46-163 vs. 61, IQR 32-117; p<0.001). The MMD-HP-SPA was inversely correlated with the HECS (r=-0.277, p<0.001). An exploratory factor analysis revealed a four-factor structure, evidencing the patient, team, and system levels of MD., Conclusions: In the study sample, Spanish intensivists report higher MD than nurses. Strategies to improve ICU ethical climate and to correct other related factors in order to mitigate MD at a patient, team, and system level should be implemented. Both groups of HCPs manifest a relevant intention to leave their position due to MD. Further studies are needed to determine the extent to which MD influences their desire to leave the job., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier España, S.L.U. y SEMICYUC. All rights reserved.)

Background: Dental laboratories are a potential source of cross-contamination. This study aims to assess its control in Galicia., Methods: Voluntary random telephone interviews resulted in 149 completed questionnaires. The variables are described by percentages or means and standard deviations. A bivariate analysis was undertaken using the Chi square test., Results: Participants were mostly middle-age (mean=45.7, SD=9.8) males (68.5%) with 20.8 (SD=10.5) years of professional experience in middle-size urban (58.4%) laboratories, who identified a higher risk when receiving items from the clinic (80.6%). Most technicians (57.7%) have a written protocol. Many (55.0%), significantly older males, do not check for item disinfection. Most technicians use gloves (62.4%) particularly younger staff at larger laboratories. Fifty-five point seven percent had been vaccinated against hepatitis B. Only 22.0% of technicians reported receiving training in cross-contamination control., Conclusions: Identified cross-infection control practices are below standards, and lack of training and protocols are a matter for concern.

Introduction and Objectives: The starting dose for narrowband UV-B phototherapy is determined by a patient's skin phototype or minimal erythema dose (MED). Calculation of MED identifies patients with unsuspected photosensitivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of factors such as concomitant use of photosensitizing agents, diagnosis, and combination with acitretin in patients with psoriasis on the frequency and severity of adverse effects in patients with a low MED to narrowband UV-B phototherapy., Material and Methods: We undertook a retrospective observational cohort study between February 1, 2009 and March 31, 2015. MED values were classified as normal or low., Results: In total, 302 patients with different skin conditions started narrowband UV-B phototherapy at a dose determined by their MED. No differences were found between patients with a low MED and those with a normal MED for number of drugs taken (P=.071) or use of photosensitizing agents (P=0.806). Following adjustment for age, sex, and phototype, the multivariate analysis showed that psoriasis exerted a protective effect against a low MED (OR=0.31 [95% CI, 0.16-0.58]). No significant risk of erythema or pruritus was detected in patients with a low MED (OR=1.68; 95% CI, 0.91-3.29 and OR=2.04; 95% CI, 0.99-4.22, respectively)., Conclusions: Psoriasis protects against a low MED. Although erythema and pruritus were more common in patients with a low MED, the differences were not significant., (Copyright © 2017 AEDV. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Socioeconomic inequalities cause more disease and death than most risk factors, especially in cities. This systematic review of the scientific evidence included articles in English, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian and excluded studies with low levels of evidence and those that did not analyze associations between mortality and socioeconomic status in urban settings. Articles were selected by two independent reviewers, and data extraction used evidence tables. A total of 1,509 records were obtained, and 24 were included. All the studies showed higher mortality rates in poorer areas. Six studies showed an association with cardiovascular diseases, four with lung diseases, and three with AIDS, infectious and parasitic diseases, and cirrhosis. The selected studies showed low consistency in the results and important methodological limitations that prevented comparisons between studies or the extraction of relevant conclusions.