62 results on '"Enzyme Inhibitors"'
Search Results
2. Moroccan olives with banned pesticides distributed in Spain
- Published
- 2023
3. Resistencia in vitro a acaricidas topicos de poblaciones de garrapatas Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus provenientes de cuatro departamentos de Colombia
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Villar, David, Gutiérrez, Jessed, Piedrahita, Diego, Rodríguez-Durán, Arlex, Cortés-Vecino, Jesús A., Góngora-Orjuela, Agustín, Martínez, Nicolás, and Chaparro-Gutiérrez, Jenny J.
- Published
- 2016
4. Optimization of the nicotinamide/nicotinate mononucleotide adenylyltransferase inhibition assay from Leishmania braziliensis
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Granados-Ramírez, Carmen Giovana, Contreras-Rodríguez, Luis Ernesto, and Ramírez-Hernández, María Helena
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Leishmania ,Nicotinamida/nicotinato mononucleótido adenilil transferasa (NMNAT) ,Inhibidores enzimáticos ,Galotanina ,Ensayo de actividad ,Activity assay ,Enzyme inhibitors ,Gallotannin ,Nicotinamide/nicotinate mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT) - Abstract
Resumen La nicotinamida/nicotinato mononucleótido adenililtransferasa (NMNAT, EC 2.7.7.1/18) desempeña una función central en la síntesis del dinucleótido de adenina y nicotinamida (NAD) debido a que en esta enzima confluyen las rutas de síntesis de novo y de reciclaje. El NAD es una molécula trascendental en el metabolismo de todos los seres vivos, principalmente en el metabolismo redox. En este estudio se presenta una nueva estrategia metodológica para la evaluación de posibles inhibidores de la NMNAT de Leishmania braziliensis (LbNMNAT). El método suprime la actividad inhibitoria cruzada con la enzima acoplada al ensayo de detección, la alcohol dehidrogenasa (ADH, EC 1.1.1.1). Experimentalmente se introdujo un paso intermedio de extracción en fase sólida de los inhibidores antes de la ejecución del sistema enzimático de detección. La implementación del paso de extracción posibilitó la evaluación específica de la enzima de interés, la LbNMNAT, sin afectar la enzima acoplada ADH. El nuevo método permitió estudiar el efecto inhibitorio de la galotanina, producto natural de especies del género Rhus (Rhus chinensis), en la actividad de la LbNMNAT. Abstract The enzyme nicotinamide/nicotinate mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT, EC 2.7.7.1/18) plays a central role in the nicotinamide and adenine dinucleotide (NAD) synthesis as its de novo and salvage pathways converge in it. NAD is a crucial molecule in the metabolism of all living beings, mainly in redox metabolism. Here we describe a new methodological strategy for the evaluation of possible inhibitors of Leishmania braziliensis NMNAT (LbNMNAT). Our method suppresses the cross inhibitory activity of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH, EC 1.1.1.1) coupled to the detection assay. We improved the specificity of the coupled enzymatic system, by introducing an additional solid-phase extraction step of the inhibitors prior to the execution of the coupled detection system. This step enabled the differentiated evaluation of the LbNMNAT activity without interfering in the coupled ADH enzyme, as well as the assessment of the inhibitory activity of gallotannin, an inhibitor found in Rhus chinensis, on LbNMNAT.
- Published
- 2022
5. Cardiac Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger (NHE11) as a novel potential target for SGLT2i in heart failure a preliminary study
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Lorena Pérez-Carrillo, Alana Aragón-Herrera, Isaac Giménez-Escamilla, Marta Delgado-Arija, María García-Manzanares, Laura Anido-Varela, Francisca Lago, Luis Martínez-Dolz, Manuel Portolés, Estefanía Tarazón, Esther Roselló-Lletí, UCH. Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, and Producción Científica UCH 2022
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Genetic transcription ,Heart failure - Chemotherapy ,Empagliflozina ,SGLT2i ,empagliflozin ,heart failure ,NHE1 ,NHE11 ,sodium channel ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Transcripción genética ,Enzyme inhibitors ,Enzimas - Inhibidores ,Corazón - Enfermedades - Aspectos genéticos ,Empagliflozin ,Insuficiencia cardíaca - Farmacoterapia ,Sodio en el organismo ,Sodium in the body ,Heart - Diseases - Genetic aspects - Abstract
Este artículo se encuentra disponible en la siguiente URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/10/1996 Este artículo de investigación pertenece al número especial "Modern Pharmaceutics for Cardiovascular Diseases". En este artículo de investigación también participan: Francisca Lago, Luis Martínez-Dolz, Manuel Portolés, Estefanía Tarazón y Esther Roselló-Lletí. Despite the reduction of cardiovascular events, including the risk of death, associated with sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), their basic action remains unclear. Sodium/ hydrogen exchanger (NHE) has been proposed as the mechanism of action, but there are controversies related to its function and expression in heart failure (HF).We hypothesized that sodium transportedrelated molecules could be altered in HF and modulated through SGLT2i. Transcriptome alterations in genes involved in sodium transport in HF were investigated in human heart samples by RNAsequencing. NHE11 and NHE1 protein levels were determined by ELISA; the effect of empagliflozin on NHE11 and NHE1 mRNA levels in rats’ left ventricular tissues was studied through RT-qPCR.We highlighted the overexpression of SLC9C2 and SCL9A1 sodium transport genes and the increase of the proteins that encode them (NHE11 and NHE1). NHE11 levels were correlated with left ventricular diameters, so we studied the effect of SGLT2i on its expression, observing that NHE11 mRNA levels were reduced in treated rats. We showed alterations in several sodium transports and reinforced the importance of these channels in HF progression. We described upregulation in NHE11 and NHE1, but only NHE11 correlated with human cardiac dysfunction, and its levels were reduced after treatment with empagliflozin. These results propose NHE11 as a potential target of SGLT2i in cardiac tissue.
- Published
- 2022
6. Síntese e modificações de derivados heterocíclicos de D-arabinose: potenciais inibidores de glicose-6-fosfato isomerase e de glicosamina-6-fosfato sintase Synthesis and modifications of heterocyclic derivatives of D-arabinose: potential inhibitors of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase
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Renato Márcio Ribeiro Viana, Maria Auxiliadora Fontes Prado, and Ricardo José Alves
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D-arabinose ,heterocycles ,enzyme inhibitors ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The synthesis of -5-(D-arabino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)tetrazole and -2-(D-arabino-1,2,3,4-tetra-acetoxybutyl)-5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole from D-arabinose is described. Attempts at removing the protecting groups of the oxadiazole derivative were unsuccessful, leading to products resulting from the opening of the oxadiazole ring. The unprotected tetrazole derivative was selectively phosphorylated at the primary hydroxyl group with diethylphosphoryl chloride. The resulting 5-[D-arabino-4-(diethylphosphoryloxy)-1,2,3-trihydroxybutyl]tetrazole is a protected form of a potential inhibitor of the enzymes glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and glucosamine synthase.
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- 2008
- Full Text
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7. Virtual screening and computational binding free energy calculation of possible glucosamine-like inhibitors for the enzyme hexokinase 2
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Méndez Otálvaro, Edward Francisco, Barragán Ramírez, Daniel Alberto, Lans Vargas, Isaías, and Calorimetría y Termodinámica de Procesos Irreversibles
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Virtual screening ,541 - Química física [540 - Química y ciencias afines] ,HK2 ,QSAR ,547 - Química orgánica [540 - Química y ciencias afines] ,572 - Bioquímica [570 - Biología] ,Inhibidores químicos ,Simulación molecular ,Inhibidores enzimaticos ,Molecular simulation ,Descriptor molecular ,Tamizaje virtual ,Chemical inhibitors ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Molecular descriptor - Abstract
ilustraciones, diagramas, tablas La hexoquinasa 2 (HK2) es una enzima con importancia terapéutica humana debido a su relación con des órdenes metabólicos como la diabetes y el desarrollo de células cancerosas (efecto Warburg), por tanto, debemos implementar estrategias para obtener inhibidores efectivos frente a ella. Se ha reportado en la literatura experimental, una serie de glucosaminas 2,6 disustituidas con capacidad de inhibir HK2. En esta tesis desarrollamos una estrategia computacional para identificar compuestos análogos a la glucosamina con potencial afinidad por HK2 utilizando como entrada la información estructural y actividad in vitro del reporte antes mencionado. Para ello realizamos un tamizaje virtual de una base de datos pública mediante relaciones cuantitativas estructura-actividad (QSAR), modelos farmacofóricos y acoplamiento (docking) molecular. Generamos cinco modelos QSAR con una correlación razonable entre las propiedades fisicoquímicas y la actividad biológica experimental (R2P ≥ 0,6. σ2 ≥ 0,6. RMSEP < 2,0 y 0,2 ≤ R2 LOO ≤ 0,6) e identificamos tres moléculas con potencial actividad inhibitoria contra la HK2 (3, 6 y 139 en la numeración de este trabajo). Calculamos la afinidad de estos ligandos mediante simulaciones de dinámica molecular acopladas al método MM-PB(GB)SA. La afinidad de la molécula 3 hacia HK2 es de 6,91 (5,98; 7,85) Kcal mol−1, la de la molécula 6 de -4,11 (-5,04; -3,17) Kcal mol−1 y la de la molécula 139 de 0,49 (-0,44; 1,43) Kcal mol−1. Estas afinidades se encuentran dentro de un rango de energías apropiado a un control negativo y positivo [-16,12 (-17,06; -15,18) Kcal mol−1 y 3,59 (2,66; 4,53) Kcal mol−1], con significancia estadística. La estrategia es confiable para identificar moléculas similares a la glucosamina con potencial capacidad inhibitoria para este sistema, dado que a través de tres estrategias distintas (QSAR, farmacóforo y docking molecular) conseguimos el mismo grupo de moléculas. Además, los resultados se complementan en su aproximación, ya que por un lado el farmacóforo generaliza las características fisicoquímicas idóneas de los ligandos presentadas por los QSAR; y por el otro, el docking molecular tiene en cuenta las interacciones con el receptor, permitiendo mejorar las limitaciones de cada método. Finalmente, describimos un modo de acción para el ligando 6 que se rige mayormente por interacción hidrofóbica, correspondiendo a un mecanismo alternativo presentado por el control positivo, el cual contrasta por presentar en su mayoría interacciones de tipo puente de hidrogeno con el receptor (en su contribución entálpica). (Texto tomado de la fuente) Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is an enzyme with human therapeutic importance due to its relationship with metabolic disorders such as diabetes and cancer cell growing (Warburg effect), therefore, we must implement strategies to obtain effective inhibitors against it. Recently, a series of 2,6-disubstituted glucosamines with the ability to inhibit HK2 have been reported in the experimental literature. In this thesis we developed a computational strategy to identify glucosamine analogues with potential affinity for HK2 using as input the structural information and in vitro activity from the aforementioned report. For this purpose, we performed a virtual screening of a public database using quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), pharmacophoric models and molecular docking. We generated five QSAR models with reasonable correlation between physicochemical properties and experimental biological activity (R2 P ≥ 0,6. σ 2 ≥ 0,6. RMSEP < 2,0 y 0,2 ≤ R2 LOO ≤ 0,6) and identified three molecules with potential inhibitory activity against HK2 (3, 6 and 139 in the numbering of this work). We calculated the affinity of these ligands by molecular dynamics simulations coupled to the MM-PB(GB)SA method. The affinity of molecule 3 toward HK2 is 6,91 (5,98; 7,85) Kcal mol−1 , that of molecule 6 is -4,11 (-5,04; -3,17) Kcal mol−1 and that of molecule 139 is 0,49 (-0,44; 1,43) Kcal mol−1 . These affinities are within a range of energies appropriate to a negative and positive control [-16,12 (-17,06; -15,18) Kcal mol−1 and 3,59 (2,66; 4,53) Kcal mol−1 ], with statistical significance. The strategy is reliable for identifying glucosamine-like molecules with potential inhibitory capacity for this system, since through three different strategies (QSAR, pharmacophore and molecular docking) we obtained the same group of molecules. Moreover, the results complement each other in their approach, since on the one hand the pharmacophore generalizes the ideal physicochemical characteristics of the ligands presented by the QSARs; and on the other hand, molecular docking takes into account the interactions with the receptor, allowing us to improve the limitations of each method. Finally, we describe a mode of action for ligand 6 that is mostly governed by hydrophobic interaction, corresponding to an alternative mechanism presented by the positive control, which contrasts by presenting mostly hydrogen bridge type interactions with the receptor (in its enthalpic contribution). Maestría Magíster en Ciencias - Química Modelamiento computacional de sistemas fisicoquímicos Área Curricular en Ciencias Naturales
- Published
- 2021
8. Toxicity of organic supplies for the egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi/ Toxicidade de insumos organicos ao parasitoide de ovos Telenomus podisi
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da Silva, Debora Mello and Bueno, Adeney de Freitas
- Published
- 2014
9. Contaminacion de operarios con clorpirifos, por practica de 'embolsado' de banano (Musa sp.) en Uraba, Antioquia
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Aguirre-Buitrago, Juan Camilo, Narváez-González, Sandra Carolina, Bernal-Vera, María Elena, and Castaño-Ramírez, Elmer
- Published
- 2014
10. Echinochloa crusgalli var. Mitis metabolism as resistance mechanism to imazapyr and imazapic
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Lübke Bonow, Joice Fernanda, Andrés, André, and Pinto Lamego, Fabiane
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Herbicidas ,Metabolismo ,Herbicide selectivity ,Herbicides ,Control de malezas ,Inhibidores enzimáticos ,Selectividad herbicida ,Enzyme inhibitors ,Plant metabolism ,Weed control - Abstract
Resumen La presión de selección causada por el uso continuo de herbicidas imazapyr e imazapic en campos de arroz sin rotación de cultivos, ha seleccionado biotipos resistentes de Echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis. Conocer el mecanismo de resistencia involucrado se vuelve importante para definir estrategias de manejo efectivas. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue verificar si el metabolismo mejorado del herbicida es responsable de la resistencia a imazapyr e imazapic en Echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis de Rio Grande (resistente a ECH38 y susceptible a ECH44), Pelotas (resistente a ECH1 y susceptible a ECH14) y Arroio Grande (resistente a ECH27) en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Para ello, se recolectaron cuarenta y nueve biotipos de la región sur del estado en áreas con dificultades de control de pastos de corral con herbicidas inhibidores de ALS. Los tratamientos de estudio consistieron en la aplicación de malatión (1000 g ia ha-1) y butóxido de piperonilo (525 g ia ha-1), inhibidores de las enzimas monooxigenasa del citocromo P450 y a los 60 minutos, previa aplicación del herbicida (73,5 + 24,5 g ae ha-1. Se realizaron evaluaciones de control visual a los 14 y 28 días después de los tratamientos (DAT) y determinación de la materia seca de la planta (SDM) a los 28 DAT. Los resultados indican que la aplicación de inhibidores no altera la respuesta de control de la ECH38, pero muestra un aumento significativo de fitotoxicidad en 28 DAT, con valores de 78% para la ECH1. El uso de Malatión asociado al herbicida proporcionó una reducción en el SDM de 1.34 g. planta-1 en relación a la aplicación aislada de herbicida y para el butóxido de piperonilo (PBO) de 1,28 g.planta-1 para el biotipo resistente de Pelotas. Para ECH27, la reducción del SDM fue inferior a los valores de 0,87 g. planta-1 para Malatión y 1,04 g.planta-1 para PBO. El mecanismo de resistencia al herbicida imazapyr + imazapic en los biotipos Pelotas y Arroio Grande está relacionado con un aumento del metabolismo del herbicida, y no se puede afirmar que este mecanismo esté involucrado en la resistencia del biotipo ECH38. Abstract Selection pressure caused by continuous use of imazapyr and imazapic herbicides in rice fields without crop rotation, has selected for resistant biotypes of Echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis. To know the mechanism of resistance involved becomes important in order to define effective management strategies. Therefore, the objective of this work was to verify if enhanced metabolism of herbicide is responsible for imazapyr and imazapic resistance in Echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis biotypes from Rio Grande (ECH38 resistant and ECH44 susceptible), Pelotas (ECH1 resistant and ECH14 susceptible) and Arroio Grande (ECH27 resistant) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. For this purpose, forty-nine biotypes were collected from the southern region of the state in areas with barnyard grass control difficulties with ALS inhibitor herbicides. The treatments of study consisted of application of malathion (1000 g a.i. ha-1) and piperonyl butoxide (525 g a.i. ha-1), inhibitors of the cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase enzymes and after 60 minutes, preceding herbicide application (73.5 + 24.5 g a.e. ha-1. Visual control evaluations were taken at 14 and 28 days after treatments (DAT) and shoot dry mass (SDM) determination at 28 DAT. The results indicate that the application of inhibitors does not alter the control response of the ECH38, but shows a significant increase in phytotoxicity in 28 DAT, with values of 78% for the ECH1. The use of Malathion associated with the herbicide provided a reduction in the SDM of 1.34 g.plant-1 in relation to the isolated application of herbicide and for piperonyl butoxide (PBO) of 1.28 g.plant-1 for the resistant biotype from Pelotas. For ECH27, the SDM reduction was lower than the values of 0.87 g.plant-1 for Malathion and 1.04 g.plant-1 for PBO. The resistance mechanism to imazapyr + imazapic herbicide in Pelotas and Arroio Grande biotypes is related to increased metabolism of the herbicide, and it cannot be stated that this mechanism is involved in the resistance of the ECH38 biotype.
- Published
- 2021
11. Evaluacion ambiental de la practica 'embolsado' en platano (Musa AAB Simmonds). Quindio, Colombia
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Torres Rodríguez, Alexander, Bernal Vera, María Elena, and Castaño Ramírez, Elmer
- Published
- 2013
12. Metodo potenciometrico de Michel modificado para la determinacion de actividad colinesterasa
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Fong Lores, Onel, Barreiro Domenech, Ivett, Rodríguez Tito, José C., Marin Sánchez, Dayana, Wawoe Díaz, Nioslaymy, and Colón Suárez, Mereidis
- Published
- 2010
13. Búsqueda racional de alcaloides isoquinolínicos del género Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae) como posibles agentes multifuncionales para el tratamiento del Alzheimer
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Plazas González, Erika Andrea, Cuca Suárez, Luis Enrique, and Grupo de Investigación en Química de Productos Naturales Vegetales Bioactivos
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Benzophenanthridines ,Monoamine oxidase ,Inhibidores enzimáticos ,Benzofenantridinas ,Enzyme inhibitors ,615 - Farmacología y terapéutica [610 - Medicina y salud] ,Metabolómica ,Cholinesterase ,Monoamino oxidasas ,Multivariate statistical analyses ,Metabolomics ,Análisis estadístico multivariado ,Colinesterasas ,β-Amyloid ,β-amiloide - Abstract
Los trastornos neurodegenerativos multifactoriales, como la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), son un problema creciente de salud pública mundial debido al aumento de su incidencia y la baja efectividad de los tratamientos actuales. Dado que la farmacoterapia basada en un blanco molecular ha sido insuficiente en el descubrimiento de agentes para el tratamiento o cura de enfermedades complejas, el enfoque multi-diana se ha posicionado como una de las estrategias más promisorias en la búsqueda de nuevos candidatos a fármacos. En el presente trabajo se realizó una búsqueda racional de alcaloides isoquinolínicos con potencial inhibitorio frente a colinesterasas en especies del género Zanthoxylum; y la determinación de la actividad multi-diana frente a mecanismos claves asociados a la patogénesis de la EA, como el agotamiento de neurotransmisores, la agregación de beta-amiloide (Aβ1-42) y el estrés oxidativo. Inicialmente, se realizó un perfilado metabolómico (LC-MS) de extractos alcaloidales de especies del género Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae), con el fin de identificar posibles alcaloides inhibidores de colinesterasas, priorizar los extractos más promisorios y hacer la selección de una especie para continuar con el aislamiento bio-dirigido de los metabolitos de interés. Para este propósito, se analizaron 41 extractos alcaloidales de nueve especies de Zanthoxylum por HPLC-UV-HRMS y se determinó la actividad inhibitoria frente a colinesterasas (AChE/BChE). Haciendo uso de un análisis bioquimiométrico, se seleccionaron 11 alcaloides biomarcadores, los cuales fueron identificados tentativamente por dereplicación manual. Los extractos con mayor actividad inhibitoria frente a las enzimas (Z. schreberi y Z. monophylum) mostraron alta presencia de dos biomarcadores identificados tentativamente como berberina y queleritrina, los cuales han sido ampliamente reportados como inhibidores de colinesterasas y monoamino oxidasas. Por lo tanto, se realizó un estudio químico dirigido del extracto de corteza de Z. schreberi en búsqueda de berberina y queleritrina, a fin de validar los resultados del modelo estadístico y hacer la priorización de los extractos con mayor potencial inhibitorio y baja presencia de estos alcaloides. Los resultados del estudio bio-dirigido de Z. schreberi permitieron confirmar la predicción realizada por el modelo bioquimiométrico y hacer la selección de la especie Z. rigidum para continuar con la búsqueda racional de alcaloides inhibidores de colinesterasas con potencial multi-diana. Por medio del estudio bio-dirigido del extracto de raíz de Z. rigidum se aislaron ocho alcaloides isoquinolínicos y uno quinolónico, a los cuales se les evaluó la actividad inhibitoria frente a colinesterasas (AChE y BChE), monoamino oxidasas (MAO-A y B) y en la agregación de Aβ1-42. En el estudio preliminar de actividad biológica se encontró que dos alcaloides benzofenantridínicos, nitidina (EP4) y avicina (EP12), presentaron el mayor potencial inhibitorio frente a todos blancos moleculares, por lo cual fueron seleccionados para continuar con la caracterización multi-diana. Estas benzofenantridinas poseen actividad inhibitoria frente a la dupla de colinesterasas con valores de IC50 en el rango micromolar, siendo más activos frente a AChE. En el análisis cinético con las colinesterasas los dos alcaloides mostraron mecanismos de inhibición mixta y contantes (Ki) menores a 1 µM. La avicina presentó mayor potencial inhibitorio de las colinesterasas con valores de Ki de 0,063 µM (EeAChE), 0,511 µM (HrAChE) y 0,123 µM (EqBChE). Asimismo, avicina y nitidina poseen actividad antiagregante de Aβ1–42 con IC50 de 5,6 y 1,9 µM, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, los dos alcaloides presentaron inhibición selectiva de la monoamino oxidasa A, con valores de IC50 menores a 2 µM e índices de selectividad superiores a 100. En el estudio cinético con MAO A los dos compuestos mostraron mecanismo de inhibición mixta y constantes de inhibición (Ki) en el rango nanomolar. Estos resultados sugieren que las benzofenantridinas avicina (EP12) y nitidina (EP4) poseen un alto potencial multi-diana, por lo tanto, representan un importante punto de partida en la búsqueda y desarrollo de moléculas con potencial terapéutico para la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Multifactorial neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are considered a growing public health problem due the rising incidence and low effectiveness of current treatment. Since pharmacotherapy based on a single target has been insufficient for drug development in complex diseases, the emerging multi-target approach is a promising strategy in the search of new anti-AD drug candidates. Herein the rational search and isolation of anti-cholinergic isoquinoline alkaloids from Zanthoxylum genus and the multi-target activity on key mechanisms associated with AD’s pathogenesis, i.e. cholinergic and monoaminergic depletion, β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, and oxidative stress were investigated. Initially, a LC-MS-based metabolomic approach of Zanthoxylum species was performed to identify potential anti-cholinesterase alkaloids predictors, rank the most promising extracts and selected one to carry out bio-directed isolation of potential bioactive alkaloids. 41 alkaloid extracts of nine Zanthoxylum species were analyzed by HPLC-UV-HRMS and inhibitory activity against cholinesterase (AChE/BChE). 11 alkaloid biomarkers were selected using a biochemometric analysis, and tentatively identified by manual dereplication approach. The most active extracts against cholinesterase (Z. schreberi and Z. monophylum) showed higher concentration of two biomarkers tentatively identified as berberine and chelerythrine, which have been reported as cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Thus, a targeted isolation of berberine and chelerythrine from the bark extract of Z. schreberi was performed, in order to validate the results of the statistical model and select those extracts with the highest inhibitory activity and lowest concentration of these biomarkers. The findings in bio-guided isolation of Z. schreberi support the biochemometric model prediction and allowed us to select the species Z. rigidum to continue the rational search of anticholinesterase-multimodal alkaloids. Alkaloid isolation from root extract of Zanthoxylum rigidum was carried out using multi-step chromatography and monitoring by TLC-bioautography against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) giving eight purified isoquinoline and one quinolone alkaloids. Isolated compounds were tested for inhibitory activity against cholinesterase (AChE and BChE), monoamine oxidase (MAO-A and B) and Aβ aggregation. Our study revealed two benzophenanthridine alkaloids, nitidine (EP4) and avicine (EP12), as the most promising multi-target candidates. Both benzophenanthridines presented dual cholinesterase inhibition with IC50 values in micromolar range, being more active against AChE than BChE. Kinetic analysis with cholinesterase showed both compounds are reversible-mixed inhibitors, where avicine presented highest potency with Ki values of 0.063 µM (EeAChE), 0.511 µM (HrAChE) and 0.123 µM (EqBChE). Likewise, avicine and nitidine presented moderate Aβ1–42 anti-aggregation activity with IC50 values of 5.6 y 1.9 µM, respectively. In addition, both benzophenanthridines are MAO-A selective inhibitors, with IC50 values lower than 2 µM and selective index higher than 100. In the kinetic analysis with MAO A both alkaloids showed mixed-type inhibition and Ki values in the nanomolar range. Our findings suggest that avicine and nitidine are promising natural compounds and multifunctional candidates, representing a suitable starting point for the development of new therapeutic agents for Alzheimer’s disease. Colciencias Línea de Investigación: Bioprospección en agentes terapéuticos Doctorado
- Published
- 2020
14. Variacion de la actividad de lisozima en leche de tres especies de perisodactilos
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Castro, J.F. and Pérez, M.E.
- Published
- 2014
15. Actividad inhibitoria de dihidroxifenil propenona sobre betalactamasas de Enterobacter cloacae: estudio preliminar en el desarrollo de fármacos para enfrentar la resistencia bacteriana
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Mora, Cristina Lucía, Castaño, Julián, and Jaramillo, María Consuelo
- Subjects
inhibidores enzimáticos ,ampicillin, cefalosporinase ,chalcones ,enzyme inhibitors ,Enterobacter cloacae ,chromatography, affinity ,chalconas ,ampicilina ,cefalosporinasa ,cromatografía de afinidad - Abstract
Introducción . Los microorganismos patógenos como Enterobacter cloacae producen betalactamasas que les confieren resistencia frente a los antibióticos betalactámicos; se ha identificado, además, la actividad limitada de los inhibidores enzimáticos, de modo que la única posibilidad de enfrentar la resistencia es el diseño de nuevos fármacos y su uso racional. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la chalcona dihidroxifenil propenona sobre un aislamiento clínico de E. cloacae y sobre la betalactamasa aislada a partir de este microorganismo resistente como un aporte en la búsqueda de compuestos inhibidores de las betalactamasas. Materiales y métodos. Se sintetizó la chalcona dihidroxifenil propenona y se evaluó su efecto sobre el aislamiento clínico de E. cloacae para determinar la concentración inhibitoria mínima mediante el método de microdilución en caldo y con la betalactamasa purificada mediante cromatografía de afinidad se realizaron estudios espectrofotométricos de cinética enzimática. Resultados. La concentración inhibitoria mínima de la dihidroxifenil propenona sobre E. cloacae fue de 35 µg/ml; el porcentaje de recuperación de la betalactamasa a partir del microorganismo fue de 31,75 %; en el estudio cinético se evidenció actividad inhibitoria de acuerdo con los parámetros cinéticos de V max =1,7 x 10 -3 µM/minuto y K M´ =2330 µM. Conclusión. La chalcona dihidroxifenil propenona ejerce su actividad inhibitoria por medio de la interacción con la betalactamasa y, de esta manera, protege la integridad estructural de los antibióticos betalactámicos; dicho efecto sinérgico la convierte en un compuesto promisorio en la búsqueda de alternativas para enfrentar la resistencia bacteriana. Introduction: Enterobacter cloacae is a pathogenic microorganism with the ability to produce betalactamase enzymes, which makes them resistant to betalactamic antibiotics. Additionally, the limited activity of enzymatic inhibitors has been identified, and, therefore, the design of new drugs and the promotion of their rational use are the only possibilities to overcome this problem. Objective: The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of dihydroxy-phenyl-propenone on a clinical isolate of E. cloacae , as well as its activity on a betalactamase isolated from this resistant microorganism in order to contribute to the search for new betalactamase inhibitors. Materials and methods: Dihydroxy-phenyl-propenone chalcone was synthesized and evaluated on a clinical isolate of E. cloacae to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration by broth microdilution; once the betalactamase enzyme was purified by affinity chromatography, a spectrophotometric analysis was done to evaluate its kinetic activity. Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration value of dihydroxy-phenyl-propenone on E. cloacae was 35 µg/ml; the recovery percentage of the betalactamase from the microorganism was 31.75% and the kinetic parameters were V max =1.7 x 10 -3 µM/min and K M = 2330 µM, which show an important inhibitory activity. Conclusion: Dihydroxy-phenyl-propenone has shown inhibitory activity on betalactamase enzymes and the ability to protect the chemical integrity of betalactamic antibiotics; this synergistic effect turns it into a promising compound in the search for new alternatives to overcome bacterial resistance.
- Published
- 2014
16. Iminociclitoles como inhibidores de glicosidadasas y su posible aplicación como coadyuvantes en el tratamiento de trastornos metabólicos e infecciones
- Author
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Gómez Cortés, Livia, Clapés Saborit, Pere, Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular (Farmàcia), and Badia Palacín, Josefa
- Subjects
Enzimas ,D-fagomine ,Inhibidors enzimàtics ,Iminocyclitols ,Inhibidores enzimáticos ,Iminociclitols ,Ciènciesde la Salut ,Enzyme inhibitors ,Enzims ,Iminociclitoles ,D-fagomina ,Enzymes - Abstract
[spa] Los iminociclitoles son compuestos polihidroxilados de origen natural análogos de carbohidratos con extraordinario interés como inhibidores de glicosidasas y glicosiltransferasas. Estas enzimas están implicadas en multitud de procesos biológicos (e.g. digestión de carbohidratos en el intestino, biosíntesis de la pared bacteriana y el reconocimiento celular), por esta razón, sus inhibidores tienen interés para el desarrollo de fármacos o coadyuvantes para el tratamiento de diferentes enfermedades como diabetes, infecciones bacterianas o víricas, y cáncer. El objetivo de la presente tesis doctoral es el estudio de las propiedades biológicas y las posibles dianas terapéuticas de una colección de iminociclitoles sintetizados mediante técnicas quimio enzimáticas en nuestro grupo de investigación: piperidinas (D‐fagomina y L‐fagomina), pirrolidinas (1,4‐dideoxi‐1,4‐imino‐D‐arabinitol DAB, 1,4‐ dideoxi‐1,4‐imino‐L‐arabinitol LAB y sus derivados conjugados con aminas aromáticas, aminoalcoholes, aminoácidos y 2‐oxopiperazina), pirrolizidinas, indolizidinas y quinolizidinas. En una primera aproximación para establecer la actividad de estos compuestos, se estudiaron sus efectos in vitro sobre diferentes glicosidasas comerciales como modelos de diferentes dianas terapéuticas: α‐D‐glucosidasa de S. cerevisiae y de arroz, β‐Dglucosidasa de almendra dulce, β‐D‐galactosidasa de hígado bovino, α‐L‐rhamnosidasa de Penicillium decumbens, α‐D‐manosidasa de judía (Genus canavalia) y α‐L‐fucosidasa de riñón bovino. DAB y LAB resultaron ser los compuestos más potentes frente a las enzimas estudiadas, pero fueron menos selectivos que el resto de iminociclitoles estudiados. Los derivados de LAB conjugados con aminas aromáticas, así como algunas de las piperazinas e indolizidinas y quinolizidinas presentaron selectividad frente a α Lrhamnosidasa de P. decumbens. Los derivados de DAB y LAB conjugados con aminoalcoholes, con aminoácidos y del tipo 2‐oxopiperazina, así como otros iminociclitoles del tipo piperazina fueron selectivos frente a α‐glucosidasas. Para evaluar su posible aplicación como nuevos agentes terapéuticos o coadyuvantes para el tratamiento de trastornos relacionados con la digestión y metabolismo de carbohidratos como la diabetes o el síndrome metabólico, se estudiaron sus propiedades inhibitorias in vitro frente a disacaridasas intestinales y su efecto en la hidrolisis de almidón utilizando como modelo experimental la mucosa intestinal de ratas de la cepa Sprague‐Dawley. D‐Fagomina, DAB y LAB presentaron actividad de moderada a potente sobre estas enzimas. Los estudios se continuaron in vivo para establecer sus efectos sobre la digestión de sacarosa y almidón y su capacidad de modular la glicemia postprandial. Para ello se realizó un estudio a corto plazo en ratas. D‐fagomina, DAB y LAB ingeridos junto a sacarosa y almidón redujeron la concentración de glucosa en sangre de forma dosis dependiente sin estimular la secreción de insulina. La eficiencia de la D‐fagomina fue comparable la de Miglitol, un compuesto comercial disponible en el mercado como antidiabético oral para el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus. Estos resultados sugieren la posible aplicación de estos compuestos como ingredientes dietéticos o alimentos funcionales para reducir los riesgos para la salud asociados a dietas ricas en carbohidratos o como fármacos o coadyuvantes para el tratamiento de enfermedades como la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Finalmente se ha sugerido que los iminociclitoles con actividad inhibidora de α Lrhamnosidasa de P. decumbens podían poseer también la capacidad de inhibir la biosíntesis de dTDP‐L‐rhamonsa en Mycobacterium tuberculosis, constituyendo por ello potenciales agentes quimioterapeuticos para el tratamiento de la tuberculosis. Con el objetivo de determinar si los compuestos de este trabajo, activos frente a α Lrhamnosidasa de P. decumbens, presentaban esta propiedad, se estudiaron sus propiedades inhibitorias frente al crecimiento de M. tuberculosis en cultivos de micobacterias de la cepa de laboratorio H37Rv. De entre los compuestos evaluados los derivados aromáticos de LAB resultaron activos aunque menos potentes que el antibiótico isoniazida., [eng] Iminocyclitols are naturally occurring polyhydroxylated compounds analogues of carbohydrates with a substantial interest as inhibitors of glycosidases and glycosiltransferases. As these enzymes are involved in many biological processes (e.g. carbohydrate digestion in mammals, cell wall biosynthesis in microorganisms and cellular recognition processes) iminocyclitols may lead to potential therapeutic drugs or adjuvants for the treatment of various diseases such as diabetes, bacterial infections and cancer. The aim of the present work was to study the biological properties of a library of iminocyclitols synthetized in our research group: D‐fagomine, L‐fagomine; DAB, LAB their aromatic, aminoalcohol and 2‐oxopiperazine derivatives, and new piperazines, indolizidines and pirrolizidines. Thus, we explored in vitro their inhibitory activity against a panel of commercial glycosidases. Although DAB and LAB were the most effective compounds, the rest of the iminocyclitols tested were shown to be more selective, against α‐D‐glucosidases and α‐L‐rhamnosidase. Moreover, these compounds, were assayed against intestinal disacharidases and starch digestion enzymes. D‐Fagomine, DAB and LAB showed moderate to potent in vitro activity against these enzymes and were also studied in vivo as modulators of the postprandial glycaemia using Sprague‐Dawley rats. After ingestion together with sucrose or starch they lowered blood glucose in a dose‐dependent manner without stimulating insulin secretion, suggesting that they may be used as dietary ingredients to reduce health risks associated with excessive intake of carbohydrates or as drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Iminocyclitol derivatives which are inhibitors of α‐L‐rhamnosidase, could also have the ability to inhibit dTDP‐L‐rhamnose biosynthesis on M. tuberculosis, and therefore constitute potential chemotherapeutic agents for tuberculosis. For this reason, the α Lrhamnosidase inhibitors found in this work, were assayed on mycobacterial systems and their Minimum Inhibitory Activities (MIC) values were determined. Although some of the new products were able to inhibit the growth of M. tuberculosis, they were less effective than the antibiotic isoniazid. However, we could not establish a correlation between α‐L‐rhamnosidase and dTDP‐L‐rhmnose biosynthesis inhibitory activities because DAB and its aromatic derivatives, which did not inhibit α‐L‐rhamnosidase were actives against M. tuberculosis. This might indicate that the products are not acting on the target rhramnosidase processing enzymes of the cell wall.
- Published
- 2014
17. Estudios sintéticos sobre la reacción de Povarov, nuevos sustratos y aplicaciones
- Author
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Vicente García, Esther, Lavilla Grífols, Rodolfo, and Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica
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Reacciones multicomponente ,Acetilcolinesterase ,Síntesi orgànica ,Povarov reaction ,Quinoline ,Organic synthesis ,Enzyme inhibitors ,Acetilcolinesterasa ,Ciències de la Salut ,Reaccions multicomponent ,Reacció de Povarov ,Inhibidors enzimàtics ,Reacción de Povarov ,Multicomponent reactions ,Acetylcholinesterase ,Quinoleïna ,Quinolina - Abstract
[spa] La presente tesis doctoral se centra principalmente, en aumentar la variabilidad del componente olefínico presente en la reacción multicomponente de Povarov y procesos relacionados, así como en explorar la posible actividad como inhibidores de AChE de los productos de oxidación de los aductos Povarov. Dentro de este trabajo, se estudió la reactividad de un variado grupo de lactamas insaturadas. En este grupo se varió la sustitución sobre el nitrógeno, la posición del doble enlace (endo- o exo- cíclico) y el tamaño del ciclo (5, 6 y 7). De este modo se obtuvieron las correspondientes tetrahidroquinolinas, producto de la reacción de Povarov, con un patrón de sustitución interesante. De los aductos obtenidos se sintetizaron las quinolinas correspondientes a partir de una oxidación con DDQ. Este último proceso es de gran interés, ya que este tipo de compuestos son abundantes en productos naturales y bioactivos. De igual modo, se estudió la reactividad de olefinas heterocíclicas del tipo 1,3-tia-, -oxa-, -imidazolona, obteniendo satisfactoriamente las tetrahidroquinolinas Povarov. Con estas nuevas olefinas se pudo estudiar la regioselectividad de su ataque, observando que este se realiza de manera selectiva. Como consecuencia de esta observación se diseño la versión intramolecular de la reacción y de este modo invertir el ataque de las olefinas sintetizadas. De todos los aductos obtenidos se sintetizó las correspondientes quinolinas. Como se ha comentado anteriormente, las quinolinas son de gran importancia, así que se diseñó un nuevo método para su obtención a partir de los aductos Povarov. Para ello se analizaron un gran número de oxidantes, entre ellos se seleccionó el dióxido de manganeso de la casa comercial Wako, ya que fue el único con el que no se obtenían subproductos de reacción y un rendimiento aceptable. Seguidamente, en el grupo de investigación se descubrió una nueva reacción multicomponente de tipo Mannich-Ritter para obtener amidinas cíclicas. Dentro de este trabajo se estudiarón el rango de olefinas activadas validas para el proceso, observando que este componente es clave y condiciona el mecanismo de la reacción. Por último, se estudió la actividad de quinolinas sintetizadas a partir de los aductos Povarov obtenidos a partir de lactamas insaturadas y enaminas cíclicas, como inhibidores de la acetilcolinesterasa. El objetivo es inhibir la actividad que tiene la enzima como catalizador de la agregación del β-amiloide, uno de los responsables de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Los resultados obtenidos son esperanzadores, ya que muestran una muy buena actividad para compuestos relativamente pequeños., [eng] This thesis is focus on the variability of the activated olefin component on the Povarov multicomponent reaction and related processes. And, explore the possible activity as AChE inhibitors of the obtained oxidized derivatives. One of the aim of this work was to explore the reactivity of the unsaturated lactams and heterocycles as 1,3-thia-, -oxa-, -imidazolone as activated olefins in Povarov multicomponent reaction. Different types of unsaturated lactams were under study, varying the N substitution, the cycle size and the α-position substituent. All the combinations are successfully and the final tetrahydroquinoline was obtained with good yields except for the α-position replaced. In case of the 1,3-thia-, -oxa-, -imidazolone the desire product was obtain in regioselective manner and good yields. An intramolecular version of the reaction was design to inverse the regiochemistry of the process. Finally, all the Povarov adducts were oxidized in presence of DDQ to obtain the corresponded quinoline. Some problems can be observed in the oxidized process, so the next objective was to find a new methodology to this transformation. For this reason a large number of oxidants were studied and manganese dioxide was found as the best option for this transformation, better than DDQ. Following, a new Mannich-Ritter multicomponent reaction was discovered in the research group to obtain cyclic amidines. My work in this project was to study the scope of the activated olefins reactive in this new multicomponent reaction. The results showed that the reaction mechanism depends on the activated olefin was used, for this reason some computational studies were done trying to explain this behavior. Finally, some unsaturated lactams and enamides derivatives were evaluated as AChE inhibitors. The objective was to inhibit the β-amyloid aggregation which is one of the causes of Alzheimer disease.
- Published
- 2013
18. Análisis de flujos metabólicos en la producción de ácido clavulánico a partir de Streptomyces Clavuligerus
- Author
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Sánchez Henao, Claudia Patricia and Quintero Díaz, Juan Carlos
- Subjects
Antibiotics ,Sensitivity theory (Mathematics) ,Inhibidores enzimáticos ,agrovoc:c_492 ,Flujos metabólicos ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Antibióticos ,Análisis de sensibilidad ,Teoria de la sensibilidad (matemáticas) - Abstract
RESUMEN: En esta tesis doctoral se presenta una metodología de trabajo para el mejoramiento de un proceso de producción de metabolito secundario por cultivo sumergido de una bacteria. El caso de estudio fue la vía metabólica para incrementar la producción de ácido clavulánico (AC) a partir de las rutas bioquímicas ya establecidas y del conocimiento fisiológico y de fermentación existente de Streptomyces clavuligerus. Esta metodología consistió en la aplicación de análisis de sensibilidad y de flujos metabólicos para establecer estrategias de alimentación del medio de cultivo y obtener la distribución de flujos al variar la tasa de dilución del proceso. Además se empleó análisis de balances de flujos para establecer los cambios en la vía metabólica al considerar limitación de nutrientes en la célula. En general se pudo establecer que los flujos precursores en el ciclo de la urea, en especial el flujo de ornitina es el que presenta mayor variación frente a las limitaciones de nutrientes considerados. Esta información sirve de guía para trabajos posteriores en los cuales se empleen como estrategia para incrementar la producción de AC análisis de control metabólico u otras estrategias de alimentación de nutrientes. ABSTRACT: Clavulanic acid (CA) is a potent β -lactamase inhibitor that is commonly used in combination with other β -lactam antibiotics for the treatment of certain infection diseases. Currently, CA is produced by fermentation at a relatively high cost, mainly because of the low concentration levels that are achieved (typically below 1g L-1). To date, there have been accomplished important advances for improving CA production, both by means of studying environmental parameters and culture medium, and by identifying metabolic pathways and their related genes; however it has been found relatively few studies related to flux analysis. Genetic improvements have also been performed for larger CA production. This work is aim at highlighting the importance of performing metabolic flux analysis (a Metabolic Engineering tool) for increasing the production of commercially important metabolites, e.g. CA produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus. The importance of this strategy relies on a metabolic-pathway rational analysis for the purpose of ascertaining the enzymes responsible of optimal bio-catalysis, thus maximizing CA yield and productivity. The following are the most frequently used methodologies in Metabolic Engineering: analysis of cellular capacity, metabolic flux analysis, metabolic control analysis, systems biology and data mining and bioinformatics. In this work, metabolic flux analysis has been applied to the production of clavulanic acid, based on the already established biosynthetic pathways, and the knowledge gained from of Streptomcyes physiology and from fermentation studies. Taking this into consideration, various experimental reports on culture media and batch and continuous operation conditions were validated. Once the batch kinetic data, were obtained, the continuous operation was performed with the aim of evaluating the steady state flux distribution of the different external, internal and intermediate metabolites, e. g. glycerol, nitrogen (asparagine), CA, oxygen and aminoacids. Flux measurements were completed directly, by analytical techniques and indirectly by metabolic flux analysis (MFA), for a determined system, and flux balance analysis (FBA), for an undetermined system. MFA and FBA were calculated by means of a mathematical model of the system, under steady-state conditions, employing the computational package CellNetAnalyzer®. The results, related to metabolic flux quantification, were useful for quantitatively deciphering the metabolic map of clavulanic acid biosynthesis; they also did allow performing an analysis of metabolic flux distribution under diverse conditions, and to advise strategies for proposing feasible bottlenecks that eventually would guide further studies of metabolic control analysis and genetic improvements for the synthesis of CA in Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is expected that knowing the controlling steps, CA titers during fermentation would increase by virtue of genetic modification and feeding strategies, thus contributing to reduce the costs of production.
- Published
- 2013
19. Nuevas aminas policíclicas contra el virus de la gripe: diseño, síntesis y actividad antiviral (Seminaris de Recerca 2010)
- Author
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Vázquez Cruz, Santiago
- Subjects
Inhibidors enzimàtics ,Drug resistance ,Seminaris ,Influenza viruses ,Seminars ,Enzyme inhibitors ,Influenzavirus ,Resistència als medicaments - Published
- 2010
20. Thiooligosaccharides with furanose units. Diasteroselective synthesis and inhibition studies of a furanosyl hidrolase
- Author
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Repetto, Evangelina and Varela, Oscar
- Subjects
SS-GALACTOFURANOSIDASA ,THIODISACCHARIDES ,TIOFURANOSAS ,INHIBIDORES ENZIMATICOS ,THIOFURANOSES ,SS-GALACTOFURANOSIDASE ,TIODISACARIDOS ,THIOOLIGOSACCHARIDES ,ENZYME INHIBITORS ,TIOOLIGOSACARIDOS - Abstract
En el área de la glicobiología la búsqueda de nuevos inhibidores enzimáticos ha conducido al desarrollo de glicomiméticos como, por ejemplo, los tiooligosacáridos. Éstos son análogos de oligosacáridos naturales en los cuales el átomo de oxígeno interglicosídico se ha sustituido por azufre y suelen ser reconocidos por enzimas e inhibir su actividad biológica. Dado que prácticamente no se encuentran ejemplos de tiodisacáridos y tiooligosacáridos de azúcares furanósicos, se planteó como objetivo general de esta Tesis el diseño y síntesis de tiodisacáridos constituidos por al menos una unidad pento o hexofuranosa y su evaluación como inhibidores de una β‐galactofuranosidasa de Penicillium fellutanum. La galactofuranosa es constituyente de polisacáridos de micobacterias como el Mycobacterium tuberculosis, causante de la tuberculosis. La Galf es esencial para la sobrevida o virulencia de varios microorganismos patogénicos, pero por el momento no se ha encontrado en mamíferos. Dado que la degradación de glicoconjugados de Galf en algunos microorganismos es resultado de la acción de una β‐galactofuranosidasa, ésta es un blanco adecuado para la acción de inhibidores. Por las razones enunciadas precedentemente, en este trabajo se desarrollaron metodologías generales de síntesis de tiooligosacáridos de azúcares furanósicos, en particular de Galf. Como paso clave para la construcción diastereoselectiva del enlace tioglicosídico se emplearon: i Adiciones conjugadas de 1‐tioaldosas a azúcares aceptores de Michael; ii Reacciones de trans‐tioglicosilación; iii Reacciones de sustitución nucleofílica y iv Reacciones de apertura de tiiranos de azúcares. Así, se han obtenido tiodisacáridos con unidades furanósicas localizadas tanto en el extremo reductor como el no reductor. También se presenta una síntesis satisfactoria de un tiodisacárido formado por dos azúcares furanósicos. Asimismo, se ha descrito una nueva metodología, basada en la apertura de tiiranos de azúcares por una 1‐tioaldosa, para la construcción de ditiotrisacáridos ramificados con unidades furanósicas. In the area of the Glycobiology the search for new enzyme inhibitors has led to the development of glycomimetics that resemble the global structure of a related sugar, but exhibit improved drug‐like properties. For example, the replacement of the oxygen atom of the interglycosidic linkage by a sulfur atom leads to thiooligosaccharides, which may act as inhibitors of the enzymes that participate in the metabolism of the natural analogues. As practically no examples are found of thiodisaccharides and thiooligosaccharides of furanose sugars, we propose as a main goal of this Thesis the design and synthesis of thiodisaccharides formed at least by one penta or hexafuranose unit. The resulting glycomimetics have been evaluated as inhibitors of a β‐galactofuranosidase from Penicillum fellutanum. Galactofuranose is a sugar component of polysaccharides from many microorganisms. They include mycobacterium, such as M. tuberculosis, the agent of tuberculosis. This sugar is essential for the survival or virulence of pathogenic microorganisms, but it has not yet been found in mammals. As the degradation of Galf containing polysaccharides is the result of the activity of a β‐galactofuranosidase, this enzyme is a convenient target for inhibition. In view of the previous considerations, in this work we have developed general methodologies for the synthesis of thiooligosaccharides constituted by furanose sugars, in particular by Galf. As key step for the diasteroselective construction of the thioglycosidic linkage were employed: i Conjugate addition of 1‐thioaldoses to sugar enones as Michael acceptors; ii Trans‐thioglycosylation reactions; iii Nucleophilic substitution reactions, and iv Sugar thiirane ring‐opening. The procedures employed led to thiodisaccharides having a furanose unit as a reducing or non‐reducing end. A convenient synthesis of a thiodisaccahride formed by two furanose units is reported. Furthermore, branched‐chain dithiotrisaccharides have been prepared through a new synthetic route, based on the ring‐opening of a thiirane group of a sugar derivative by a 1‐thioaldose Fil: Repetto, Evangelina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.
- Published
- 2010
21. Inhibitory activity of some marine sponge extracts from Urabá gulf on dihydrofolate reductase enzyme
- Author
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Zabala González, Diego Alejandro, Echavarría Zuluaga, Bibiana, and Martínez Martínez, Alejandro
- Subjects
Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase ,Recursos Marinos ,Sponges ,agrovoc:c_7321 ,Marine Resources ,agrovoc:c_1767 ,Inhibidores Enzimáticos ,Esponjas ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Colombia ,Tetrahidrofolato Deshidrogenasa - Abstract
RESUMEN: La enzima dihidrofolato reductasa está implicada en la producción de la base pririmidínica timidina, componente esencial de la estructura del ADN. Por tanto, cualquier sustancia que la inhiba tiene como efecto la inhibición de la síntesis del ADN, y es potencialmente útil para el tratamiento de varios tipos de cáncer como leucemias linfoblásticas. En este trabajo se determina el grado de inhibición que los extractos etanólicos obtenidos de las esponjas marinas colombianas Svenzea zeai, Amphimedon compressa, Ircinia campana, Aplysina archeri, Xestospongia proxima y Xestospongia muta, presentan sobre la enzima purificada de origen humano dihidrofolato reductasa. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los extractos de estas esponjas inhiben esta enzima. Estos resultados se comparan con los del medicamento usado contra el cáncer, Metotrexate®, el cual se utiliza como control de inhibición de los ensayos y se observa que algunas de las esponjas tienen mayor inhibición que este medicamento. ABSTRACT: Dihydrofolate reductase is an enzyme involved in the production of pyrimidinic base timidin, a structural component of DNA, therefore whatever substance that inhibit this enzyme inhibit the DNA synthesis as a consequence and it can be potentially useful as a treatment of several types of cancer like lymphoblastic leukemias. In this work we determinate the inhibition grade that the ethanol extracts from Colombian marine sponges: Svenzea zeai, Amphimedon compressa, Ircinia campana, Aplysina archeri, Xestospongia proxima y Xestospongia muta, over the human purified enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. The results shown that most of marine sponge extracts inhibite the enzyme. Results are compared with methotrexate® a medicament used against cancer which is used as a control for the bioassays. Results demonstrate that some of the analyzed extracts have more inhibition than the control metotrexate COL0015043
- Published
- 2008
22. Increased intracellular Ca2+ and SR Ca2+ load contribute to arrhythmias after acidosis in rat heart : Role of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
- Author
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Romina Valeria Becerra, Julieta Palomeque, John R. Dedman, María Matilde Said, Leticia Vittone, Marcia A. Kaetzel, Cecilia Mundiña-Weilenmann, Alicia Mattiazzi, Paula L. Diaz-Sylvester, J. A. Copello, and Gustavo Rinaldi
- Subjects
Male ,Benzylamines ,Time Factors ,Physiology ,Action Potentials ,Ventricular Function, Left ,Mice ,Calcium-binding protein ,Myocyte ,Myocytes, Cardiac ,calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Phosphorylation ,Acidosis ,Sulfonamides ,Ryanodine ,Ryanodine receptor ,Articles ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,cardiovascular system ,Thapsigargin ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Intracellular ,medicine.drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Ischemia ,Mice, Transgenic ,Biology ,Dantrolene ,Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Ventricular Pressure ,medicine ,Animals ,Rats, Wistar ,Calcium metabolism ,Calcium-Binding Proteins ,Arrhythmias, Cardiac ,Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,sarcoplasmic reticulum ,Disease Models, Animal ,Endocrinology ,Ciencias Médicas ,Calcium ,Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ,Peptides - Abstract
Returning to normal pH after acidosis, similar to reperfusion after ischemia, is prone to arrhythmias. The type and mechanisms of these arrhythmias have never been explored and were the aim of the present work. Langendorff-perfused rat/mice hearts and rat-isolated myocytes were subjected to respiratory acidosis and then returned to normal pH. Monophasic action potentials and left ventricular developed pressure were recorded. The removal of acidosis provoked ectopic beats that were blunted by 1 mM of the CaMKII inhibitor KN-93, 1 mM thapsigargin, to inhibit sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca21 uptake, and 30 nM ryanodine or 45 mM dantrolene, to inhibit SR Ca21 release and were not observed in a transgenic mouse model with inhibition of CaMKII targeted to the SR. Acidosis increased the phosphorylation of Thr17 site of phospholamban (PT-PLN) and SR Ca21 load. Both effects were precluded by KN-93. The return to normal pH was associated with an increase in SR Ca21 leak, when compared with that of control or with acidosis at the same SR Ca21 content. Ca21 leak occurred without changes in the phosphorylation of ryanodine receptors type 2 (RyR2) and was blunted by KN-93. Experiments in planar lipid bilayers confirmed the reversible inhibitory effect of acidosis on RyR2. Ectopic activity was triggered by membrane depolarizations (delayed afterdepolarizations), primarily occurring in epicardium and were prevented by KN-93. The results reveal that arrhythmias after acidosis are dependent on CaMKII activation and are associated with an increase in SR Ca21 load, which appears to be mainly due to the increase in PT-PLN., Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares
- Published
- 2008
23. Aspectos médicos y farmacológicos del tratamiento antirretroviral en los pacientes seropositivos al VIH
- Author
-
Jané Salas, Enric, López López, José, 1958, Roselló Llabrés, Xavier, and Chimenos Küstner, Eduardo
- Subjects
Inhibidors enzimàtics ,HIV (Viruses) ,VIH (Virus) ,Antiretrovirals ,Enzyme inhibitors ,HIV-positive persons ,Persones seropositives ,Antiretroviral agents - Abstract
En el presente trabajo se presenta una descripción de los fármacos antirretrovirales más importantes empleados en el tratamiento de la infección por el VIH. El objetivo del mismo es recordar al especialista en estomatología y al odontólogo los aspectos médicos y farmacológicos más relevantes de dichos tratamientos, así como los efectos secundarios e interacciones con los que el paciente se enfrenta y que el profesional de la salud oral debe conocer. En última instancia, se quiere resaltar asimismo el hecho de que, gracias a la terapia descrita, el paciente infectado por el VIH no debe distinguirse de cualquier otro, desde una perspectiva odontológica, sino tan sólo desde una perspectiva farmacológica.
- Published
- 1999
24. Tumor do estroma gastrintestinal (GIST): relato de caso
- Author
-
Isabel Irene Rama Leal, Herbeth Franco Queiroz, Thiago Santos Lima Almendra, Andréia Reis Pereira, and Elson Roberto Ribeiro-Faria
- Subjects
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ,Gastrointestinal neoplasm ,Stromal cell ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
The authors report a case of a male patient in his forties with progressive abdominal pain associated with weight loss, dyspnea, and edema of the inferior limbs, culminating in a surgical acute abdomen. A segmental enterectomy containing a lesion of about 10cm in diameter was performed. It was later confirmed, by means of immuno-hystochemistry, as being a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of high biological aggressiveness. Etiology, diagnosis, classification, prognosis and therapeutic with Imatinib Mesylate - STI-571 (Glivec® - Novartis) are hence discussed.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. [Drugs, inhibitors and other stories. From cancer chemotherapy to nutritional toxicology].
- Author
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Carmona A
- Subjects
- 6-Aminonicotinamide metabolism, Animals, Enzyme Inhibitors, Gluconates metabolism, Glycolysis, Isothiuronium pharmacology, Oryza parasitology, Rats, Retrospective Studies, Tannins chemistry, Neoplasms drug therapy, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena physiology, Toxicology
- Abstract
The designation as speaker of the XVIII Annual Conference "Karl Gaede", sponsored by the Asociación Venezolana de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, provided me with the opportunity to revisit the path constructed in twenty five years of biochemical research. This path stretches from cancer chemotherapy to nutritional toxicology, following the elusive thread that interconnects the metabolic network buried in the ground of any biological process. This work summarizes experiences derived from the use of drugs, inhibitors and stimulators that act on specific enzymatic steps. As a metabolic artisan, I have used these tools to unveil the peculiarities and the inherent character that give continuity to the conductive thread across the whole biological universe.
- Published
- 1999
26. [Endometriosis: a frequent disease].
- Subjects
- Clinical Trials as Topic, Enzyme Inhibitors, Female, Humans, Mixed Function Oxygenases antagonists & inhibitors, Progesterone Reductase antagonists & inhibitors, Danazol therapeutic use, Endometriosis drug therapy, Pregnadienes therapeutic use
- Published
- 1979
27. [Osmotic shock of platelets. II. Influence of different chemicals. Osmotic shock on filtered platelets (author's transl)].
- Author
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García-Conde J, Benet I, and Merino J
- Subjects
- Animals, Blood Platelets enzymology, Blood Platelets ultrastructure, Enzyme Inhibitors, Humans, Osmotic Pressure, Blood Platelets drug effects, Platelet Aggregation drug effects, Sulfhydryl Reagents pharmacology
- Published
- 1977
28. [COMPARATIVE STUDY OF 2 METHODS OF MEASURING HYPOPHYSEAL CORTICOTROPIN RESERVE].
- Author
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JARPA A, AVILA R, DONOSO J, and MEDINA M
- Subjects
- Humans, 17-Ketosteroids, Acromegaly, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Biochemical Phenomena, Biochemistry, Chlorpromazine, Enzyme Inhibitors, Hypopituitarism, Metyrapone, Mixed Function Oxygenases, Pyrogens, Urine
- Published
- 1963
29. [Clinical experiences with the oral administration of strophanthin G].
- Author
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MANCINI D and CAPITAINE CACERES R
- Subjects
- Administration, Oral, Cardiotonic Agents, Enzyme Inhibitors, Heart Diseases therapy, Ouabain, Strophanthins therapy
- Published
- 1960
30. [THE USE OF INJECTABLE FIBRINOGEN IN SURGERY AND OBSTETRICS].
- Author
-
SOULIER JP
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Afibrinogenemia, Aminocaproates, Aminocaproic Acid, Coagulants, Enzyme Inhibitors, Fibrinogen, Hemostatics, Obstetrics, Postoperative Complications
- Published
- 1963
31. [TREATMENT OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS. USE OF THE ANTIENZYMES].
- Author
-
CUTROPIA J and PEREZDAY CM
- Subjects
- Female, Pregnancy, Aprotinin, Communicable Diseases, Enzyme Inhibitors, Geriatrics, Kallikreins, Pancreatitis, Pathology, Pharmacology, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Trypsin
- Published
- 1964
32. [New personal contribution to the treatment of various heart diseases with an extract of young hearts: "recosen"].
- Author
-
FABRA JIMENEZ L and FABRA JIMENEZ A
- Subjects
- Humans, Anti-Arrhythmia Agents, Enzyme Inhibitors, Heart, Heart Diseases therapy, Tissue Extracts
- Published
- 1959
33. [ACUTE EXPERIMENTAL PANCREATITIS. STUDY OF THE ACTION OF THE KALLIKREIN-TRYPSIN ANTAGONIST].
- Author
-
GIANI CA, LACOUR RA, RADICE JC, FONTANA JJ, MARCOS DE, and PAJONI CM
- Subjects
- Guinea Pigs, Aprotinin, Enzyme Inhibitors, Kallikreins, Pancreatitis, Research, Trypsin, Trypsin Inhibitors
- Published
- 1964
34. [THE ACTION OF A QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUND ON THE HEXOKINASE REACTION IN RELATION WITH ITS EFFECT ON THE ABSORPTION OF GLUCOSE IN YEAST].
- Author
-
LLINAS JM, PARES FARRAS R, and PONZ F
- Subjects
- Adenosine Triphosphatases, Ammonium Compounds, Cell Biology, Enzyme Inhibitors, Fermentation, Glucose, Hexokinase, Histocytochemistry, Permeability, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, Saccharomyces, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yeast, Dried, Yeasts
- Published
- 1963
35. [Resuscitation in circulatory arrest].
- Author
-
DE RABAGO P
- Subjects
- Humans, Anti-Arrhythmia Agents, Enzyme Inhibitors, Heart Arrest therapy, Resuscitation
- Published
- 1962
36. [PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE USE OF AN ENZYME INHIBITOR (NIALAMIDE) IN ORGANIC MENTAL SYNDROMES IN THE AGED].
- Author
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CONSTAIN MOSQUERA C and GONZALEZ PARRA A
- Subjects
- Drug Therapy, Enzyme Inhibitors, Geriatrics, Intracranial Arteriosclerosis, Mental Disorders, Nialamide, Syndrome
- Published
- 1964
37. [SEVERE ACUTE PANCREATITIS TREATED WITH ANTIENZYMES].
- Author
-
AUTH R and JIMENEZ H
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Humans, Aprotinin, Enzyme Inhibitors, Geriatrics, Pancreatic Cyst, Pancreatitis
- Published
- 1963
38. [Changes in cholesterinemia by the use of a water-soluble khellin].
- Author
-
ARRIETA ALVAREZ F
- Subjects
- Anti-Arrhythmia Agents, Cholesterol blood, Coronary Disease therapy, Enzyme Inhibitors, Khellin therapeutic use, Water
- Published
- 1959
39. [ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND CHOLESTEROLEMIA].
- Author
-
KLEIN L
- Subjects
- Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis, Enzyme Inhibitors, Estrogens, Fats, Unsaturated, Heparin, Hypercholesterolemia, Iodides, Niacin, Nicotinic Acids, Thyroid Hormones, Toxicology, Triparanol
- Published
- 1963
40. [Clinical and experimental principles of anti-enzyme therapy].
- Author
-
Silva Pozo J, Ortiz Vázquez J, Pascual Marcos S, Pérez de Lema JA, and Segura Sánchez A
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Animals, Biomechanical Phenomena, Dogs, Enzyme Inhibitors, Humans, Hypersensitivity complications, Infections complications, Pancreatitis classification, Aprotinin therapeutic use, Pancreatitis drug therapy, Pancreatitis etiology
- Published
- 1969
41. [THE CYTOCHROME C IN THE TREATMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR JAUNDICE].
- Author
-
VILLA L
- Subjects
- Humans, Cytochromes, Cytochromes c, Electron Transport Complex IV, Enzyme Inhibitors, Hepatitis, Hyperbilirubinemia, Jaundice, Liver Diseases
- Published
- 1963
42. [STUDIES ABOUT DECARBOXYLATING ENZYMES. XX. EFFECT OF SOME ANTIBIOTICS OF THERAPEUTIC USE ON L-GLUTAMATE CARBOXYLASE].
- Author
-
MARCOS P, MAYOR F, and SANTOSRUIZ A
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents, Carboxy-Lyases, Chloramphenicol, Colistin, Enzyme Inhibitors, Erythromycin, Glutamates, Glutamic Acid, Kanamycin, Pharmacology, Polymyxins, Pyridoxal Phosphate, Research, Ristocetin, Tetracycline, Tyrothricin
- Published
- 1963
43. [Preliminary trials with a new oral diuretic: acetazoleamide (diamox)].
- Author
-
ROJAS VILLEGAS F, DEL CAMPO E, BRAILOVSKY D, and MIMICA J
- Subjects
- Acetazolamide, Anti-Arrhythmia Agents, Cardiotonic Agents, Diuretics therapeutic use, Enzyme Inhibitors, Heart Diseases therapy, Hydro-Lyases
- Published
- 1954
44. [New enzyme inhibitors affect the intestinal absorption of glucose].
- Author
-
ESCRIBANO J and PONZ F
- Subjects
- Carbohydrate Metabolism, Enzyme Inhibitors, Enzymes pharmacology, Glucose metabolism, Intestinal Absorption, Intestines physiology
- Published
- 1955
45. [Experience with digoxin].
- Author
-
SANCHEZ CASCOS A, DE RABAGO GONZALEZ P, VARELA DE SEIJAS JR, and DE RABAGO PARDO G
- Subjects
- Anti-Arrhythmia Agents, Digitalis therapy, Digoxin, Enzyme Inhibitors, Heart Diseases therapy
- Published
- 1960
46. [Production of toxohormone by baker's yeast].
- Author
-
Olivares J, Callao V, and Montoya E
- Subjects
- Endotoxins biosynthesis, Enzyme Inhibitors, Saccharomyces metabolism
- Published
- 1966
47. [CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF AN ENZYME INHIBITOR ON ACUTE PANCREATITIS].
- Author
-
COSTAMAILLERE L, LAZO M, PARADA M, LEHYT M, VIANCOS J, DRAPKIN C, and ROJAS R
- Subjects
- Drug Therapy, Enzyme Inhibitors, Pancreatitis
- Published
- 1964
48. [Kinetic approach in the study of the mechanism of enzymatic reactions].
- Author
-
Garces E
- Subjects
- Adenosine Diphosphate antagonists & inhibitors, Adenosine Triphosphate antagonists & inhibitors, Chemical Phenomena, Chemistry, Enzyme Inhibitors, Glucuronosyltransferase antagonists & inhibitors, Mathematics, Phosphotransferases antagonists & inhibitors, Uridine Diphosphate Sugars antagonists & inhibitors, Enzymes, Kinetics
- Published
- 1971
49. [Inhibition of adenosin-desaminase by adenine-nucleotides (author's transl)].
- Author
-
Sopena M, Pallardó F, and Cabo J
- Subjects
- Adenosine Diphosphate metabolism, Adenosine Monophosphate metabolism, Adenosine Triphosphate metabolism, Coronary Circulation, Enzyme Inhibitors, Kinetics, Adenine Nucleotides physiology, Aminohydrolases antagonists & inhibitors
- Published
- 1971
50. [Comparative pharmacological study of the local anti-inflammatory activity of glycyrrhehtinic acid with that of cortisone].
- Author
-
RUIZ GIJON J and RODRIGUEZ MURCIA C
- Subjects
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antioxidants, Cortisone pharmacology, Enzyme Inhibitors, Glycyrrhiza pharmacology, Inflammation
- Published
- 1960
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