177 results on '"Economic Geography"'
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2. The external complexities facing the new government
- Published
- 2024
3. A geografia do mercado de desmanches em Curitiba, PR: uma análise espacial realizada a partir da Lei Nacional dos Desmanches
- Author
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Mário Henrique Anunciação Lemos and Luiz Alexandre Gonçalves Cunha
- Subjects
economic geography ,geography of crime ,economic theory of crime ,vehicles ,automotive market ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 ,Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology ,HT101-395 - Abstract
Is there a relationship between commercial locations and crimes against high-value property, specifically vehicles? To answer this question, we analyze the used vehicle and parts market, a segment regulated by the National Dismantling Law - Law #. 12,977/2014, for the control with greater rigor of the activities of dismantling, sale, and resale of parts and used vehicles. In Paraná state Decree # 8,804/2018 requires accreditation of this type of trade, "shredder", with National Department of Transit - DETRAN. Thus, we analyzed the spatial correlation between the occurrences of vehicles recovered from crime in Curitiba and the points of trade related to dismantling, pointing out areas of high casuistry of occurrence and possible relations with areas of concentration of automotive establishments of parts and used vehicles not yet regularized with DETRAN. A clear similarity was observed between some of the variables distributed by neighborhood, such as "partially legalized chop shops" and "recovered vehicles" (r=0.365). It can be concluded that the Law of the Auto Dismantlers brought evident contributions to economic and social development, once it contributed to the expressive fall of patrimonial crimes against vehicles in several states, also in Paraná. The results may alert the state to a greater and better commercial inspection of those establishments in its territory.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Concepts of Space, Refiguration of Spaces, and Comparative Research: Perspectives from Economic Geography and Regional Economics
- Author
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Lech Suwala
- Subjects
refiguration of spaces ,concepts of space ,topical space ,economic geography ,regional economics ,comparative research ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Following the concept of refiguration of spaces proposed by KNOBLAUCH and LÖW (2017), in this article I emphasize interfaces for theory building, methods, and comparative research from an economic geography and regional economics perspective. Since the refiguration of spaces offers an abstract frame capable of grasping spatial relations of any order and across various scales, I will discuss the utilization of concepts of space in both subdisciplines by employing a textbook analysis. Moreover, I will include two examples of current economic phenomena where refiguration takes place. Namely, I will analyze the internationalization of companies and world trade interdependencies according to concepts of space, their implication on methods, and comparative research. In my findings, I show that the abstract frame of refiguration of spaces unlocks great potential if applied consistently. Economic geography has a great deal to offer for the micro-foundation in the refiguration of spaces, working with qualitative methods and forward-thinking concepts of space (e.g., relational or topical points of view for comparison). Regional economics allows for progress concerning the macro-foundation in the refiguration of spaces through the increased availability of regional or big data and advanced quantitative methods (e.g., manifold indexes capturing refiguration).
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Application of the Christaller model for the spatial distribution of supermarkets | [Aplicación del modelo de Christaller para la distribución espacial de supermercados]
- Author
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Iván Fernando Palacios Orejuela
- Subjects
spatial models ,Central Place Theory ,spatial dynamics ,territorial ordering ,economic geography ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The distribution in a territory of centers of economic activity, such as supermarkets, obey an area of influence that covers a defined population. This distribution can be explained by geographic spatial models that analyze their location and interrelations between economic cores. One of these models is the Central Place Theory (CPT), proposed by Christaller in 1933. In Ecuador, the main company of service and commercialization of products of first necessity is Corporación Favorita, which has Supermaxi and Megamaxi supermarkets located in several cities of the country. Quito, Guayaquil and Cuenca, for their extension and importance for the economy of the country were chosen for the study. Using a GIS, the CPT was applied with different coverage centers (range 1, 2, 3, and 4), and the model was adjusted to the location of the supermarkets. In Cuenca and Guayaquil, the model correctly explained the spatial distribution of the supermarkets, while in Quito the model demonstrated to a large extent the spatialization in the north, south of the city, however, in the northern center and in the valleys of the city did not represent the spatial dynamics. The economic geography, through the CPT explained the spatial distribution of supermarkets, and presents a technical tool in the decision making for businessmen and the territorial ordering of a city.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. A oferta residencial na retração imobiliária da metrópole paulistana nos anos 2000
- Author
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Letícia Moreira Sígolo and Carolina Maria Pozzi de Castro
- Subjects
downturn ,housing supply ,Real estate ,General Medicine ,Região Metropolitana de São Paulo ,Metropolitan area ,mercado imobiliário ,Metropolitan areas ,Housing program ,real estate market ,Metropolitan Region of São Paulo ,Periodization ,Affordable housing ,Capital city ,HT330-334 ,retração ,Economic geography ,Business ,oferta residencial - Abstract
Resumo A análise identifica mudanças e continuidades no comportamento da oferta residencial na retração imobiliária da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo nos anos 2000. Estrutura-se uma periodização, considerando movimentos macroeconômicos e seus impactos no setor imobiliário. Observam-se dinâmicas baseadas em subtipos de mercado e vetores de expansão da oferta, refletindo especificidades e rugosidades no território metropolitano, além das características dos lançamentos e sua precificação balizada nos financiamentos disponíveis e estratégias de maximização de ganhos dos incorporadores. Verifica-se um reposicionamento do setor em que o mercado da Capital assume centralidade nas estratégias que regionalmente contrarrestam a crise com oferta importante de produtos econômicos e alterações nos padrões, apoiada no Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, mediante crescente participação de grandes empresas. Abstract The analysis identifies changes and continuities in the behavior of housing supply in the real estate downturn of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region in the 2000s. It is structured on a periodization, considering macroeconomic movements and their impacts on the real estate sector. We observed dynamics based on market subtypes and on supply expansion vectors, reflecting specificities and the roughness of the metropolitan territory. In addition, we surveyed the characteristics of housing launches and their pricing based on the available financing and on strategies to maximize developers’ gains. There is a repositioning of the sector as the capital city’s market is prioritized by strategies that regionally counteract the crisis through an important supply of affordable housing and pattern changes, supported by the Minha Casa Minha Vida housing program, with an increasing participation of large companies.
- Published
- 2021
7. Metropolización y gobernanza económica: bases para una propuesta de análisis económico
- Author
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César Augusto Ruiz Rojas
- Subjects
Economic geography ,Economic federalism ,Institutional evolutionary economics ,Economic governance ,Metropolization ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The possibility of promoting economic development into the territories subjected to metropolization processes, from sub-national governments, is conditioned by the ability of public economic governance. It depends on the institutional design that fixes the territorial distribution of powers of governments to intervene in the markets, as well as the standards set by the economic dynamics in the formation of agglomerations, which limits public action. For a better understanding of the above, it is proposed to develop a body of economic research from three economic streams: spatial economics, evolutionary economic federalism, and institutional economics.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The Struggle for Territorial Control in Colombia: An Analysis of the Dynamics of the Armed Conflict
- Author
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Juan Fernando Henao Duque, Jorge Eliécer Montoya Gallo, and Felipe Alberto Velásquez Orozco
- Subjects
Political Economy ,Economic Geography ,Democratic Security ,Armed Conflict ,Noncooperative Games ,Colombia ,Economic history and conditions ,HC10-1085 ,Finance ,HG1-9999 ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
This paper reviews the literature on the theory of armed conflict and examines its application to the insurgents´ struggle with the State for political and territorial control in Colombia during 1999-2010. The analysis examines three sub-periods during this period and several geographic regions to analyze the effect of varying levels of participant capability on the dynamics of the conflict, as measured by the intensity of the conflict over time. We conclude that as long as there are asymmetries between the State and the insurgency, armed confrontation is likely to continue.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. THE DEBATE OF THE MODERN THEORIES OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH
- Author
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Alejandro Díaz-Bautista and Salvador González-Andrade
- Subjects
solow model ,keynesian model ,neoclassical growth model ,new growth theory ,economic geography ,economies of agglomeration ,real business cycle models ,Social Sciences ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
How do we explain the differences in economic growth in different parts of the nation and the world during the last sixty years? The objective of the study is to survey the traditional theories and models of regional economic growth. The growth literature to date has proposed several answers, included in the neoclassical models, exogenous technological progress and recent endogenous models that emphasize capital accumulation through externalities, learning by doing, or in conjunction with human capital. The paper looks at the recent theoretical and empirical debate related to the theory of regional economic growth.
- Published
- 2014
10. Ciudad - región global: una revisión conceptual
- Author
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Suelen Emilia Castiblanco Moreno
- Subjects
Global city ,region ,globalization ,economic geography ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The global city-region focus responds to a global context in which territories become active subjects of global networks through which political, economic, social and cultural information travels. This production system is based on the flexibility of production processes, the formation of networks based on human talent and innovation, the importance of small and medium enterprises and the mobility of capital based on the “neutralization” of the distances. In this approach, “the association or business cooperation is a crucial feature, innovation is a cumulative process that involves learning by doing, using and interacting, and often produces increasing returns” (Meyer-Stamer & Harmes-Liedtke, 2005). Thus, groups of companies interacting in a territory, learning and working together and with other local actors create local production systems that become key to successful integration into international markets structured in networks. Objective: To identify the main theoretical elements associated with the study of cities global regions. Methodology: A literature review about the global city- region category. Findings: Global City-regions respond to dynamics of contemporary globalization process becoming active agents of local development dynamics.
- Published
- 2013
11. Instituições e desenvolvimento territorial: um estudo a partir do caso do arranjo produtivo de petróleo e gás natural localizado em Macaé-Brasil
- Author
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Robson Dias
- Subjects
desenvolvimento regional e local ,geografia econômica ,teoria do desenvolvimento regional ,regional and local development ,economic geography ,regional development theory ,Architecture ,NA1-9428 ,Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying ,NA9000-9428 ,Political science ,Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology ,HT101-395 ,Regional planning ,HT390-395 ,City planning ,HT165.5-169.9 - Abstract
Nos últimos anos a abordagem institucional vem ganhando espaço nos estudos urbanos e regionais defendendo que, as normas, regras e convenções culturais devam ser levadas em conta nas pesquisas e políticas sobre o desenvolvimento territorial. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar, empíricamente, algumas implicações geradas pelas instituições na economia do arranjo produtivo de petróleo e gás natural de Macaé-Rio de Janeiro-Brasil. Durante a pesquisa verificouse que as instituições operam em diversas escalas, que na área de estudo podese segmentar em duas: normas de origem externa, que são impostas à escala local por agentes de grande poder de uso do espaço (o Estado e as grandes empresas) e as instituições de origem local, formadas a partir de reações dos agentes locais às pressões externas. A principal articulação ocorrida foi a Rede Petro-BC (Bacia de Campos), cuja análise é bastante sugestiva para a compreensão do ambiente institucional local.In recent years the institutional approach has been gaining ground in urban and regional studies, defending that the norms, rules and cultural conventions should be taken into account in research andpolicies on territorial development. In this sense, the objective of this paper is to empirically examine some implications generated by the institutions in the economy of the productive arrangement of oil and natural gas in Macaé, Brazil. During the research it was found that the institutions operate at different scales, which in the study area can be segmented into two: external norms, which are imposed to the local level by agents with great power of usage of the space (the State and large companies) and institutions of local origin, formed from the reactions of local agents to external pressures. The main articulation was held by Rede Petro-B C, and its analysis is very suggestive to the understanding of the local institutional environment.
- Published
- 2013
12. Somos siete mil millones
- Author
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GARCÍA LANDA, José Angel
- Subjects
Sustainability ,Economic geography ,Anthropology ,Sustainable development ,FOS: Sociology - Abstract
Spanish abstract: La población del planeta Tierra ha sobrepasado la cifra de siete mil millones de habitantes. Comentamos las reflexiones de Fred Spier sobre el crecimiento y el desarrollo sostenible, desde la perspectiva desilusionante que ofrece la crítica de Alfred Bartlett a los modelos de crecimiento, y en relación a la noción de equilibrios provisionales de Herbert Spencer. Desde nuestra perspectiva, no hay posibilidad de un crecimiento sostenible, ni de un equilibrio entre recursos y consumo. Los desarrollos previsibles en la dinámica poblacional señalan claramente hacia la degradación de las condiciones de vida y del medio ambiente, y a grandes revoluciones en las dinámicas sociales de explotación y de control, ejercidas y manipuladas a escala global. Ya hemos comenzado a ver los efectos de tales dinámicas globales de superpoblación y agotamiento ecológico, pues el futuro ya está aquí. _______________________________________________________________________________ English abstract: The population of the planet Earth has reached seven billion people and beyond. We comment on Fred Spier's reflections on sustainable development and growth, from the sobering perspective of Alfred Bartlett's critique of growth models, and of Herbert Spencer's notion of provisional equilibration. From our perspective, there is no prospect of sustainable growth, nor of a balance between resources and consumption. Foreseeable developments in population dynamics clearly point to the degradation of living conditions and of the environment, and to major upheavals in social dynamics of exploitation and control exerted and manipulated at a global scale. We have already begun to se thee effects of these global dynamics of ecological depletion and overpopulation—the future is now.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Nuevas fronteras en el espacio económico : economía social y economías alternativas
- Author
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Montserrat Pallares-Barbera and José Luis Sánchez-Hernández
- Subjects
Economías alternativas ,Dependència de la trajectòria ,Dependencia de la trayectoria ,Social economy ,Economic geography ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Geografía económica ,Economia social ,Alternative economies ,Geografia econòmica ,Path dependence ,Economies alternatives ,Transició sociotècnica ,Sociotechnical transition ,Transición sociotécnica ,Economía social ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
Basado en el formato del trabajo de Andrew Barry y Mark Maslin, este artículo tiene como objetivo reflejar las discusiones sobre la capacidad de la economía social y las economías alternativas para generar impactos colectivos sobre el territorio en la segunda década del siglo XXI. La reflexión analítica se apoya en varias teorías sobre la aparición de nuevas formas de actividad económica y su relación con el territorio, y asume que las condiciones territoriales son siempre desiguales, como ha constatado la geografía económica. Por tanto, a partir de la path dependence o dependencia de la trayectoria y de la teoría de la transición sociotécnica, principalmente, se discuten y se formulan nuevas preguntas, que en este artículo se dejan abiertas, sobre los fuertes componentes sociales y territoriales de ambos conceptos. La idea de que las decisiones pasadas condicionan las decisiones que podemos adoptar en la actualidad y de que los estados, acciones o decisiones actuales o futuros dependen de la ruta que hayan tomado eventos previos se postula como una explicación crítica de la formación de distintas soluciones y espacios económicos. La transición sociotécnica como herramienta conceptual se propone para la comprensión del proceso de transición (ecológica, energética, alimentaria, entre otras) hacia un modelo económico y social sostenible. Basat en el format del treball d'Andrew Barry i Mark Maslin, aquest article té com a objectiu reflectir les discussions sobre la capacitat de l'economia social i les economies alternatives per generar impactes col·lectius sobre el territori a la segona dècada del segle XXI. La reflexió analítica es basa en diverses teories sobre l'aparició de noves formes d'activitat econòmica i la seva relació amb el territori, i assumeix que les condicions territorials sempre són desiguals, com ha constatat la geografia econòmica. Per tant, a partir de la path dependence o dependència de la trajectòria i de la teoria de la transició sociotècnica, principalment, es discuteixen i es formulen noves preguntes, que en aquest article es deixen obertes, sobre els forts components socials i territorials dels dos conceptes. La idea que les decisions passades condicionen les decisions que es poden adoptar actualment i que els estats, accions o decisions actuals o futurs depenen de la ruta que hagin pres esdeveniments previs es postula com una explicació crítica de la formació de diferents solucions i espais econòmics. La transició sociotècnica com a eina conceptual es proposa per a la comprensió del procés de transició (ecològica, energètica, alimentària, entre d'altres) cap a un model econòmic i social sostenible. Based on the format of the work of Andrew Barry and Mark Maslin, this article aims to reflect on the capacity of the social economy and alternative economies to generate collective impacts on the territory in the second decade of the twenty-first century. Analytical reflection is based on various theories of the emergence of new forms of economic activity and their relationship with the territory, and assumes that territorial conditions are always unequal, as has been documented in economic geography. Therefore, from path dependence and the theory of the sociotechnical transition new questions are discussed and formulated on the strong links of the social and territorial components of both concepts. The idea that past decisions condition the decisions we can make today and that current or future states, actions, or decisions depend on the path that previous events have taken is postulated as a critical explanation of the formation of different solutions and economic spaces. Socio-technical transition as a conceptual tool is proposed for understanding the process of transition (ecological, energy, food, among others) to a sustainable economic and social model.
- Published
- 2022
14. Concentración y crecimiento en Chile: una relación negativa ignorada
- Author
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Miguel Atienza and Patricio Aroca
- Subjects
concentración espacial ,política regional ,geografía económica ,spatial concentration ,regional policy ,economic geography ,Architecture ,NA1-9428 ,Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying ,NA9000-9428 ,Political science ,Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology ,HT101-395 ,Regional planning ,HT390-395 ,City planning ,HT165.5-169.9 - Abstract
Diferentes trabajos señalan que, según la superficie de Chile y el nivel de desarrollo que ha alcanzado, la concentración de la actividad y población en la Región Metropolitana resulta excesiva. Además, durante las dos últimas décadas, la desigualdad espacial ha aumentado en el país, situación que podría afectar negativamente su crecimiento y que ha sido sistemáticamente ignorada en el diseño de las políticas públicas. Este trabajo muestra que diversos mecanismos de mercado, como la movilidad de los trabajadores y los flujos de comercio entre regiones, y muchas de las políticas públicas, tienden a favorecer las fuerzas concentradoras que han configurado la geografía económica de Chile durante las últimas décadas. Tales resultados hacen presente la necesidad de incorporar la "cuestión regional" de manera explícita y activa en la estrategia de desarrollo nacional, no solo como un problema de equidad, sino también como parte de las políticas para mejorar la eficiencia de la economía chilena.Different studies show that, given the size of Chile and its level of development, there is an excess of concentration of population and activity in the Metropolitan Region. Furthermore, during the past two decades, spatial inequality has increased in Chile. This situation could negatively affect national growth, something that has been systematically ignored in the design of public policies. This article shows that some market mechanisms, such as labor mobility and inter-regional trade flows, and many public policies tend to strengthen the centripetal forces that have shaped the economic geography of Chile during the past decades. These results reveal the need to incorporate explicitly and actively the "regional problem" in the national development strategy, not only as an equity problem, but also as part of the policies oriented to improve the efficiency of Chilean economy.
- Published
- 2012
15. El panorama teórico de la economía regional y los modelos de análisis territorial
- Author
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José Agustín Arias V. and Fernán J. Fortich P
- Subjects
Space ,space economy ,regional economics ,economic geography ,land management ,Finance ,HG1-9999 ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
Una gran parte de la teoría económica clásica se construyó sin tomar en consideración la variable espacio. En general, los enfoques se han basadoesencialmente en el mercado, planteando la movilidad de los factores de producción, y de los bienes y servicios producidos, sin tener en cuenta si el territorio donde se dan facilita, dificulta o incluso impide su circulación, o si la serie de características y elementos ligados al territorio favorece la concentración de riqueza en determinadas áreas o dificulta el desarrollo de las mismas. En las últimas cuatro décadas, la consideración de este elemento se ha ido imponiendo progresivamente dentro de la planeación económica.
- Published
- 2010
16. Dificultades de la gobernanza del desarrollo económico en el entorno regional de Medellín
- Author
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Jorge Andrés Polanco López de Mesa
- Subjects
Governance ,economic development ,environment ,economic geography ,neoinstitutionnalism. ,Economic history and conditions ,HC10-1085 ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
Conservation efforts aimed at preserving forest resources in the Páramo (moor) System of the northern periphery of Medellín is a territorial governance problem related to economic development. The scope of this article is to identify technical and political difficulties of governance. Technical difficulties concern the relationship between economic development and environmental preservation. Political difficulties have to do with the institutionalization of rules between government actors. This study uses a New Economic Geography and Neoinstitutionalism approach and applies a Multi-objective Spatial Analysis. Results suggest that technical difficulties of governance are affected by economic agglomeration effects, increasing as territories get closer to the city. Finally, the tenets of the bureaucratic project promote non-inclusive political rules.
- Published
- 2010
17. Conceptualización y antecedentes teóricos de la competitividad internacional y regional: un asunto territorial
- Author
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Hugo Ernesto Díaz Sánchez
- Subjects
Competitiveness of nations ,territorial competitiveness ,strategic political economy ,economic geography ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Competitiveness has been studied under different rubrics ever since political economics and firms were born; the use of the concept is subject of debate for its relation with several theoretical developments in management, economic geography and politics. Objective: To compare the perspectives, schools and authors that study the territorial competitiveness. Methodology: In the scholarly literature on competitiveness there are some conspicuous theoretical developments in international competitiveness from the Harvard Business School, the World Economic forum and the IMD business School; in systemic competitiveness from the German Development Institute and in regional competitiveness. The revision and analysis is based on papers classified in the international, regional and systemic competitiveness categories. Results: This paper arrives to the conclusion that the use of competitiveness as an analytical category for territories is scholarly legitimate, therefore its effects on strategic trade policy and regulation are legitimate too.
- Published
- 2010
18. Instrumentos para gerenciamento de terras vagas em cidades argentinas
- Author
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Rocío Rodríguez Tarducci, Julieta Constanza Frediani, and Daniela Ethel Cortizo
- Subjects
gerendamento ,urbanización ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Context (language use) ,urbanization ,Gestión ,Urbanismo ,cidade ,Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,State (polity) ,Order (exchange) ,Urbanization ,cities ,gestion ,urbanização ,Economic geography ,Cities ,City planning ,media_common ,urbanisation ,purl.org/becyt/ford/5 [https] ,gestión ,ciudad ,HT101-395 ,Management ,Urban Studies ,HT165.5-169.9 ,ville ,Business ,Urbanización ,purl.org/becyt/ford/5.7 [https] ,management - Abstract
Las ciudades argentinas se caracterizaron en las últimas décadas por un aumento acelerado de la superficie urbanizada, en el marco de una creciente necesidad de suelo. Estos procesos de crecimiento urbano dan lugar a ciudades que crecen y se expanden sobre tierras vacantes, y a su vez las generan en su interior, extendiendo indefinidamente los límites urbanos, lo que trae aparejado una gran cantidad de problemas. En este contexto, se considera que la existencia de tierras vacantes al interior de estas ciudades es resultado de la combinación entre funcionamiento especulativo del mercado, con lógicas no reguladas, y las restricciones en la gestión del crecimiento urbano por parte del Estado. Es por esto que se propone reconstruir la caja de herramientas disponibles con la que cuenta el Estado para actuar sobre el fenómeno de la vacancia del suelo, en pos de (re)orientar los actuales procesos de crecimiento urbano. Para tal fin, se relevan y analizan los distintos mecanismos, instrumentos, prácticas y procedimientos con los que cuenta el Estado —en sus distintos niveles— para accionar sobre la problemática., In recent decades, Argentine cities have been characterized by an accelerated increase in urbanized areas, in the context of a growing need for land. These urban growth processes give rise to cities that grow and expand on vacant land, and at the same time generate them inside, indefinitely extending urban limits, which brings with it a large number of problems. In this framework, it is considered that the existence of vacant land within these cities is the result of the combination between speculative market operation, with unregulated logics, and restrictions on the management of urban growth by the State. For this reason, it is proposed to rebuild the toolbox available to the State to act on the phenomenon of land vacancy, in order to (re) guide the current processes of urban growth. To that end, the different mechanisms, instruments, practices and procedures available to the State -at its different levels - to act on the problem are surveyed and analyzed., As cidades argentinas foram caracterizadas nas últimas décadas por um aumento acelerado da área urbanizada, no contexto de uma crescente necessidade de terras. Esses processos de crescimento urbano dão origem a cidades que crescem e se expandem em terrenos vagos e, por sua vez, o geram, estendendo indefinidamente os limites urbanos, o que traz consigo um grande número de problemas. Nesse contexto, considera-se que a existência de terrenos baldios nas cidades argentinas é o resultado da combinação entre operações especulativas de mercado, com lógicas não regulamentadas e restrições à gestão do crescimento urbano pelo Estado. Por esse motivo, propõe-se reconstruir a caixa de ferramentas disponível ao Estado para atuar no fenômeno da vacância fundiária, a fim de (re) orientar os processos atuais de crescimento urbano. Para tanto, são levantados e analisados os diferentes mecanismos, instrumentos, práticas e procedimentos que o Estado possui - em seus diferentes níveis - para atuar no problema., Instituto de Investigaciones y Políticas del Ambiente Construido
- Published
- 2021
19. Regional Wage Disparities in Europe: What role for Market Access?
- Author
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Jesús López-Rodríguez and Andrés Faíña
- Subjects
Economic Development ,Economic Geography ,Spatial structure ,European Union ,Social Sciences - Abstract
This paper uses a New Economic Geography model to test for wagedisparities in the European Union. We derive and estimate an econometric specificationrelating wages to a distance weighted sum of regional GDP’s. The empirical estimationsof the model were carried out for a sample of 160 NUTS2 regions in theEU15 for the year 2000 showing that geography of access to markets is statisticallysignificant and quantitatively important in explaining cross-region variation in Europeanwages. We also show that incentives for human capital accumulation and innovationactivities arising from market access size are also affecting the shaping of regionalwages in the European Union.
- Published
- 2007
20. Determinantes das decisões locacionais da atividade financeira
- Author
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Michel Alexandre, Gilberto Tadeu Lima, and Otaviano Canuto
- Subjects
financial institutions ,location decisions ,economic geography ,Economic history and conditions ,HC10-1085 ,Economic theory. Demography ,HB1-3840 - Abstract
This review-paper deals with different factors that have an effect on location decisions made by financial institutions. Emphasis is given to those factors that are specific to the financial sector and not applicable to economic activity in general.
- Published
- 2006
21. Endogenous Protection within a framework of monopolistic competition à la Dixit–Stiglitz
- Author
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María Cecilia Gáname
- Subjects
endogenous trade policy ,monopolistic competition ,trade ,economic geography ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 ,Statistics ,HA1-4737 - Abstract
The author studies the determination of trade policy by considering an imperfectly competitive market. The model adopts the political process developed by Grossman and Helpman (1994), but it also takes into account a different economic structure, which is based on the Footloose Capital model. Two new appealing insights come from the consideration of monopolistic competition. Firstly, in this setting, the interest group seems to be more worried to persuade the government to set a high tariff when it can charge a low mark-up. Secondly, the initial distribution of industry might also influence the structure of protection in one economy.
- Published
- 2014
22. Innovación, redes, recursos patrimoniales y desarrollo territorial
- Author
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Inmaculada Caravaca, Gema González, and Rocío Silva
- Subjects
innovación ,redes ,recursos patrimoniales ,desarrollo territorial ,geografía económica ,Innovation ,networks ,resources ,territorial development ,economic geography ,Architecture ,NA1-9428 ,Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying ,NA9000-9428 ,Political science ,Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology ,HT101-395 ,Regional planning ,HT390-395 ,City planning ,HT165.5-169.9 - Abstract
Las profundas transformaciones ocurridas durante las últimas décadas demandan nuevas respuestas para poder hacer frente a los problemas y retos que ahora se perfilan. En tal sentido, es necesario destacar la influencia ejercida por tres tipos de condicionantes en los procesos de desarrollo territorial: la innovación, la creación de redes y el aprovechamiento racional de los recursos existentes en cada ámbito. Con este marco general de referencia, este artículo pretende insertarse en el contexto de algunos de los principales debates teóricos y operativos presentes en el entorno científico y social, centrando la atención en la consideración de la influencia que ejercen los condicionantes citados en la conformación de los territorios inteligentes, que son aquellos capaces de contribuir a mejorar la calidad de vida de la sociedad que los habita y el desarrollo personal de todos los ciudadanosDeep transformations occurred during the last decades demand different responses to ride out new problems and challenges. In this way, it is necessary to emphasize the role played by three determining factors: innovation, networks and the rational use of resources. In this general context, this paper attempts to take part in social and scientific scene's main theoretical debates, focusing on the influence that these factors exert to create intelligent territories, the ones that are able to support the improvement of citizens' welfare
- Published
- 2005
23. Espaço e economia no Sistema de Cantillon
- Author
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Maurício Coutinho
- Subjects
Cantillon ,location ,space ,economic geography ,Economic history and conditions ,HC10-1085 ,Economic theory. Demography ,HB1-3840 - Abstract
The paper outlines the economic geography underlying the Essay on the nature of commerce in general, and discusses the extent to which it relates to the theoretical arguments within Cantillon's system. The main conclusions are: a) Cantillon's social structure scheme presents a first draft of urban networks, ranked according to the economic and non-economic decisions of the property owners; b) transportation costs are a central element of the Essay's monetary theory and of its price making model; and c) transportation costs affect the specie flow mechanism, which governs international trade. In spite of the Essay's advanced approach to the market and money circulation processes, Cantillon's locational analysis is in many aspects limited by an agricultural and naturalist vision of the economic system.
- Published
- 2005
24. Distribuição espacial da atividade bancária no Brasil: dimensões e indicadores
- Author
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Michel Alexandre, Gilberto Tadeu Lima, and Otaviano Canuto
- Subjects
banking activity ,locational decisions ,economic geography ,Economic history and conditions ,HC10-1085 ,Economic theory. Demography ,HB1-3840 - Abstract
This paper focuses on the geographic distribution of banking activity in Brazil, with the objective of building several quantitative indicators of said spatial distribution. In addition, it puts forward some conjectures regarding the nature and intensity of the changes in the geographic distribution of the banking activity in Brazil.
- Published
- 2005
25. Fortalecimiento de conocimientos a los productores de algodón de Cereté, mediante la cooperación internacional
- Author
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Ramos Muñoz, Elsy Emilia, Ariz Jiménez, Ibeth Paola, and Bárcenas Merlano, Francisco
- Subjects
Sector primario ,Economic geography ,Physical biotic factors ,Geografía rural ,Crops ,Geografía económica ,Cultivos ,Regional agriculture ,Agricultura regional ,Factores físico bióticos ,Primary sector ,Desarrollo agrícola ,Rural geography ,Agricultural development - Abstract
The present study, describes in the first part the current situación in which the cotton farmers are in the municipality of Cerete at National level, the realization of this investigation gives a great contribution to this municipality and its Vereda in special coroza las cañas , showing mainly how has been arising historically the configuration of de Agricultural Development and the crops in the municipality of cereté , to the elapse of the time, of this same, to identify the physical biotic factors of the soil for the Regional Agriculture and how these influence in the d of the crops, the region has a high Fertility due to the richness of its soil, climate and wáter network, due to the great variety of wáter bodies that are present , Among these , marshes , rivers, Canals , streams and channels, potentials that in turn have not been exploited 100 % , due to the Overuse and underuse of the soil, we will also describe the factors that have influenced the consolidation of agricultural development in the study área. One of the problems of cotton cultivation are the production costs , with time this puts at risk the continuity of the crop, because there is talk of subsidy for seend and fertilizer, but according to the crisis with the oil and the colombian peso, we find sedes that increase their Price between 30% and 40% and that makes the costs in the sector increase. Resumen …………………………………………………………………………………… 7 Astract ………………………………………………………………………...................... 8 Introducción ……………………………………………………………………………… 9 Capítulos del Cuerpo del Trabajo ……………………………………………………… 12 Identificación y Descripción del Problema …………………………………………. 12 Antecedentes …………………………………………………………………………. 12 Justificación del Proyecto ………………………………… ………………………... 15 Objetivos (General y Específicos) …………………………………………………... 17 Cuadro de Involucrados……………………………………………………………... 18 Árbol de Problemas………………………………………………………………….. 20 Cuadro de Alternativas ……………………………………………………………... 22 MML …………………………………………………………………………………. 23 Evaluación del Proyecto……………………………………………………………... 27 Cronograma………………………………………………………………………….. 36 Post……………………………………………………………………………………. 38 Pirámide……………………………………………………………………………… 39 Gráficos………………………………………………………………………………. 40 Conclusiones…………………………………………………………………………….. 42 Bibliografía……………………………………………………………………………… 43 El presente estudio, describe en primer lugar la situación actual en la que se encuentran los agricultores de algodón en el municipio de Cerete a nivel nacional , la realización de esta investigación da un gran aporte a este municipio y sus Veredas en especial Coroza las Cañas, mostrando principalmente como ha venido surgiendo históricamente la configuración del Desarrollo Agrícola y los cultivos en el municipio de Cereté; al transcurrir del tiempo, de esta misma, identificar los factores físico bióticos del suelo para la agricultura regional y como estos influyen en el desarrollo de los cultivos, en los que prevalecen, la ganadería, el maíz, arroz, yuca, berenjena y el algodón entre otros productos, por lo cual en esta región prevalece una alta fertilidad tanto por su riqueza en el suelo, clima, como en su red hídrica, debido a la gran variedad de cuerpos de aguas que se presentan, entre estos: ciénagas, ríos, caños y arroyos, canales , potenciales que a su vez no han sido aprovechados al 100%, debido a la sobre utilización y subutilización del suelo. También se describirán los factores que han influido en la consolidación del desarrollo agrícola en el área de estudio. Uno de los problemas del cultivo del algodón son los costos de producción, con el tiempo eso pone en riesgo la continuidad del cultivo, ya que se habla de subsidio para la semilla y el abono, pero de acuerdo a la crisis que hay con el petróleo y el peso, encontramos semillas que aumentan su precio entre un 30 % y 40 % y eso hace que los costos de los insumos aumenten. Pregrado Administrador(a) en Finanzas y Negocios Internacionales Monografías
- Published
- 2021
26. Mudanças tecnológicas e produção do espaço: considerações sobre desenvolvimento na escala local
- Author
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Floriano J. Godinho de Oliveira
- Subjects
economic geography ,production restructuring ,local development ,technological innovations ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
Abstract The changes in industrial-production technological paradigms induce changes in all others aspects of production within important social organization sectors. Furthermore, all this implies important changes in today`s generation of spaces. This work aims to analyze two key phenomena which arise from this process and are related to the social production of space: a new industrial specialization, characterized by a higher spatial deconcentration, which in turn influences the creation of a new mode of organization of the economic activities; and a new way of interrelations between the hegemonic industrial and financial sectors in the national and local states during the development of new spaces. This article, therefore, will discuss some aspects characterizing the changes in production structures, in terms of temporal and spatial effects, as new ways of interrelation between the social sectors within the subnational territory of countries in the economic periphery. Emphasizing the conflicting local-versus-global aspects, we attempt to understand change processes in the productive structure as one of the key aspects in the organization of the space and territory, given that today socioeconomic activities are taking place on new bases. Along with this phenomenon, it is worth stressing that at a local scale, a space of privileged relationships for the definition of the location and installation of projects involves not only actions and analyses, but also the need to assign more importance to the identification of the relationships to be established.
- Published
- 2003
27. Innovación y desarrollo territorial: algunos debates teóricos recientes
- Author
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Ricardo Méndez
- Subjects
Innovación ,Desarrollo Territorial y Local ,Empresa ,Geografía Económica ,Innovation ,Territorial and Local Development ,Firm ,Economic Geography ,Architecture ,NA1-9428 ,Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying ,NA9000-9428 ,Political science ,Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology ,HT101-395 ,Regional planning ,HT390-395 ,City planning ,HT165.5-169.9 - Abstract
La innovación se ha convertido, durante la última década, en un concepto de uso cada vez más frecuente en todo tipo de ámbitos, consolidándose la idea de que un esfuerzo de innovación sostenido resulta hoy un factor clave para mejorar la competitividad de las empresas y favorecer un desarrollo en los territorios. Este artículo recoge las principales aportaciones pluridisciplinarias a la geografía de la empresa, presentando luego algunos estudios de caso en orden a caracterizar los territorios innovadores, así como los factores que contribuyen a su impulso. Finalmente, se examina la relación entre los territorios, los actores locales y las empresasInnovation has became, during the last decade, in a widely used concept in all kind of disciplines, consolidating the idea that a sustained innovation effort is a main factor in order to improve the competitiveness of the firms and territorial development. This paper presents the main multi-disciplinary contributions to the firm geography, exhibing next some case studies in order to characterize innovating territories, as well as the factors wich contribute to their improvement. Finally, the relation between territories, local actors and firms is examined
- Published
- 2002
28. Les ressources de territoires et les territoires de ressources
- Author
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Georges Benko and Bernard Pecqueur
- Subjects
Economic geography ,Territorial economy ,Proximity ,Spatial competition ,Specific resources. ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation - Abstract
economical geography has known a revival since the 1990s; we even speak of a «new economic geography». Globalisation, metropolisation, the formation of free-trade zones, international exchanges, the linking of the global with the local are all themes at the centre of the concern about spatial economy. But globalisation does not necessarily mean homogenisation of the spaces. The notion of territory reappears in economical analyses because territories offer the market resources that are specific, untransferable and incomparable. These specific resources render the areas diversified and stabilize the emplacement of economic activities. In the next few years, one of the main subjects of research in economic analysis will probably be the study of the process of revealing and eveloping new resources that emerge from the uniqueness of the areas and human groups in a context where information logic controls the service economy.
- Published
- 2001
29. Spatial economy: high-tech glossary or new regional economics?
- Author
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Ricardo Machado Ruiz
- Subjects
regional economics ,economic geography ,industrial agglomerations ,monopolistic competition ,Economic history and conditions ,HC10-1085 ,Economic theory. Demography ,HB1-3840 - Abstract
"The Spatial Economy Cities, Regions and International Trade", by Masahisa Fujita, Paul Krugman and Anthony J. Venables, has been seen as the best synthesis of the so-called new economic geography. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to review the book; and second, to place it in the current debate on regional economics. The first part of the paper is a brief introduction that situates the book in the history of regional economics. In the second part, a description and analysis of the basic models, their variations and applications are presented. The debate on regional economics concerning the theory proposed in the book is in the third part. Two aspects are stressed: the criticisms on the core-periphery model and how it incorporates regional diversity The fourth topic is a critical assessment of the achievements and originality of the new economic geography analysis.
- Published
- 2001
30. La actividad industrial en la configuración socioespacial del barrio Yungay, 1930-1950
- Author
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Hernan Venegas and Elisabet Prudant
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,Population ,Context (language use) ,expansión urbana ,habitar ,barrios obreros ,Urban history ,Geography ,Industrialisation ,Incentive ,industrialización ,Capital (economics) ,Factory ,Economic geography ,Zoning ,education ,Barrio Yungay - Abstract
Resumen: El texto analiza la incidencia de la actividad industrial en la configuración socioespacial del barrio Yungay durante un periodo de regulación urbana, expansión fabril e incentivo a la producción por parte del Estado. A partir de la relación entre los actores de la industrialización y las dinámicas de conformación de un hábitat obrero-fabril en la región norponiente de Santiago, se profundizará en tres variables: el emplazamiento de una red manufacturera que caracterizó el espacio barrial; la iniciativa empresarial en materia de infraestructura y servicios urbanos en esta parte de la ciudad, y el sentido de pertenencia de la población que habitó el barrio en su doble condición obrera y residente. La metodología, situada en el cruce entre la historia urbana y la historia del mundo del trabajo, incorpora el enfoque relacional para identificar, dentro de la organización física y representacional del lugar analizado, un tejido de vínculos inscritos en el contexto histórico que enmarca las décadas de 1930 y 1950. Los resultados de la investigación, al profundizar en las repercusiones de la actividad industrial en un barrio poco estudiado desde esta perspectiva, contribuyen a reforzar los estudios sobre zonificación fabril en Santiago, junto con integrar la variable espacial en el análisis de las derivas de la industrialización en la capital chilena.
- Published
- 2021
31. Tourism, transport and regionalisation: geographical considerations/Turismo, transportes e regionalizacao: consideracoes geograficas
- Author
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Lopes, Wilson Martins, Jr.
- Published
- 2012
32. Desarrollo Agrícola en el Sinú Medio: El Caso de Cereté y San Carlos en el Departamento de Córdoba
- Author
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Contreras Guerra, Marcelly and Ortega, John Jaraba
- Subjects
Sector primario ,Economic geography ,Factores físico bióticos ,Physical biotic factors ,Primary sector ,Geografía Rural ,Geografía económica ,Agricultural Development ,Desarrollo agrícola ,Cultivos ,Rural geography ,crops - Abstract
Con la realización de esta investigación se da un gran aporte a los municipios de Cereté y San Carlos, mostrando principalmente como ha venido surgiendo históricamente la configuración del desarrollo agrícola y los cultivos en los municipios al transcurrir del tiempo, de esta misma, identificar los factores físico bióticos del suelo para la agricultura y como estos influyen en el desarrollo de los cultivos, en los que prevalecen, la ganadería, el maíz, arroz, algodón, , yuca, berenjena entre otros productos, por el cual esta región prevalece una alta fertilidad tanto por su riqueza en el suelo, clima, como en su red hídrica, debido a la gran variedad de cuerpos de aguas que se presentan, entre estos, ciénagas, ríos, caños y arroyos, potenciales que a su vez no han sido aprovechados al 100%, debido a la sobre utilización y subutilización del suelo, también se describirán los factores que han influido en la consolidación del desarrollo agrícola en el área de estudio. 1. CAPÍTULO 1. PROPUESTA DE INVESTIGACIÓN………………………………..13 1.1. DESCRIPCIÓN DEL PROBLEMA…………..……….…………………………13 1.1.1. Planteamiento del problema………………………………….…………….13 1.2. JUSTIFICACIÓN………………………………………………………………....16 1.3. OBJETIVOS…........................................................................................................18 1.3.1. ObjetivoGeneral............................................................................................18 1.3.2. Objetivos específicos....................................................................................18 1.4. MARCO ESPACIAL……………………………………………………..………19 1.5. ASPECTOS TEÓRICOS CONCEPTUALES........................................................21 1.5.1. Antecedentes.................................................................................................21 1.5.2. Marco Teórico……………………………………………………………...23 1.5.3. Marco Conceptual………………………………………………………….27 1.6. METODOLOGÍA...................................................................................................28 1.6.1. Método de investigación……………………...………………………………28 1.6.2. Enfoque de investigación……………………………………………………..29 1.6.3. Tipo de investigación…………………………………………………………29 1.6.4. Técnicas e Instrumentos………………………………………………………30 1.6.5. Fases de la Investigación……………………………………………………...31 1.6.6. Fase 1. Recolección de la Información……………………………………….31 1.6.7. Fase 2. Organización y Procesamiento de la Información……………………31 1.6.8. Fase 3. Interpretación y Análisis de los Resultados…………………………..32 2. CAPITULO 2. PROCESO GEOHISTÓRICO DE CONFIGURACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD AGRÍCOLA DE CULTIVOS COMERCIALES EN LOS MUNICIPIOS DE CERETÉ Y SAN CARLOS…………………………………….34 2.1. Configuración del sistema agrícola prehispánico………………………...………34 2.2. Organización agrícola en el periodo colonial en los siglos XVI y XVII…………39 2.3. La agricultura de Sinú Medio en el siglo XVIII: Contexto del reformismo borbónico………………………………………………………………………….42 2.4. La agricultura del Sinú Medio en el periodo republicano……………………...…45 3. CAPITULO III. FACTORES FÍSICO BIÓTICOS DE CERETE Y SAN CARLOS – CÒRDOBA………………………………………………………………………….50 3.1. Generalidades……………………………………………………………..............50 3.1.1. Geomorfología……………………………………………………………..51 3.1.2. Litología…………………………………………………………………....56 3.1.3. Clima……………………………………...………………………………..58 3.1.4. Red Hídrica de los municipios de Cereté y San Carlos……………..……..58 4. CAPITULO 4. DESARROLLO AGRÍCOLA DE LOS MUNICIPIOS DE CERETÈ Y SAN CARLOS……...…………………………………………………………….63 4.1. El empuje empresarial de los sirio-libaneses……………………………………....64 4.2. Reforma agraria, Infraestructura hidráulica y redes viales ápice del desarrollo agrícola del Sinú Medio…………………………………………………………...67 5. CONCLUSIONES……………………….………………………………………….75 6. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÀFICAS…………………….………………………...78 Pregrado Geógrafo(a) Monografías
- Published
- 2021
33. Preferencias de los turistas en hoteles y destinos: una aproximación desde el análisis de contenido y los árboles de decisión : [Tourist preferences in hotels and destinations: an approach based on content analysis and decision trees]
- Author
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Bassols Gardella, Narcís, Ovalle Díaz, Andrea Paola, and Rodríguez Hernández, Jenniffer Carolina
- Subjects
métodos de toma de decisiones ,segmentación de clientes ,comentarios on-line ,algoritmo CHAID ,Ekonomisk geografi ,Economic Geography ,Comportamiento del turista ,Business Administration ,Företagsekonomi - Abstract
Intentar explicar las preferencias de turistas a la hora de elegir un alojamiento en un destino, y qué elementos son más influyentes en esta decisión, es un tema que ha sido investigado desde diferentes marcos de referencia y con distintas herramientas de campo en los últimos años. El presente artículo se añade a este corpus investigativo analizando las preferencias de los visitantes en las ciudades de Santa Marta y Cartagena de Indias, los dos principales destinos turísticos del Caribe colombiano. En particular, se considera si las valoraciones online de hoteles emitidas por los turistas pueden estar influenciadas por la oferta presente en el destino (atractivos turísticos, ubicación, actividades ofrecidas, restaurantes, playas, etc.) combinadas con las características propias del establecimiento hotelero (servicios ofrecidos, ubicación, precios, categoría del hotel, etc.). Los dos destinos mencionados son estudiados aplicando el modelo de árboles de decisión CHAID, una herramienta frecuentemente usada en ingeniería, pero mucho menos empleado en la gestión de empresas turísticas, a pesar de su innegable utilidad. Los datos levantados para esta investigación provienen de los comentarios online de la plataforma booking.com. Los resultados ofrecen una caracterización relevante de los destinos estudiados y sus visitantes; algunas tendencias conocidas se confirman, pero también se descubren otras latentes. En un plano práctico y de gestión, se pretende demostrar la importancia del uso de herramientas big data para la toma de decisiones de negocio, en particular las basadas en las preferencias de los clientes.
- Published
- 2021
34. La crisis, la geografia economica y Julie Graham: alternativas de desarrollo local a partir de la critica feminista
- Author
-
Casellas, Antònia
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. An evolutionary approach to air transport: market, technology and institutional co-evolution
- Author
-
Pere Suau-Sanchez and Montserrat Pallarès-Barberà
- Subjects
air transport ,economic geography ,network ,path dependency ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
This paper covers the development dynamics of the air transportation industry. Having the evolutionary economic geography as the frame of reference, we analyze the co-evolution of the market (selective environment), the aeronautics knowledge and equipment (technology) and the air transportation institutional policy (policy). The stress is on those factors affecting network formation and tie selection. The results of this investigation add to the limited empirical research on the evolution of transport network systems. We found that air trans-port shows a path dependency; although at the same time has a strong level of uncertainty due to exogenous factors. Also, the co-evolution between the selective market environment, technology and institutional decisions has been verified. The latter happen to be key, as the evolution of air transportation can only be understood in the context of a mixed regulatory environment that provides different levels of freedom for network formation.
- Published
- 2013
36. Las dimensiones espaciales del Informe 2009 del Banco Mundial: otra 'nueva geografia' sin territorio
- Author
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Rojas López, José J.
- Published
- 2009
37. Migración internacional del pobre: construcción de violencias bidireccionales
- Author
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César Niño and Paola Méndez
- Subjects
International relations ,aporophobia ,Global South ,lcsh:International relations ,Geology ,Ocean Engineering ,lcsh:Political science ,Migration ,bidirectional violence ,Transformative learning ,poverty ,Political science ,Phenomenon ,migración ,aporofobia ,Economic geography ,violencia bidireccional ,lcsh:J ,lcsh:JZ2-6530 ,pobreza ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
En la agenda de las relaciones internacionales contemporáneas, el estudio de las migraciones ha estado vinculado mayoritariamente a la dinámica de los flujos entre individuos y espacios geográficos del Sur global al Norte global, así como a estudiar los cambios sociales y demográficos transformativos de entornos migracionales. Sin embargo, la presente investigación pretende explorar una relación poco abordada en la disciplina: la migración internacional del pobre y las “violencias” bidireccionales. Dicho esto, se sustenta que la migración internacional del pobre es un fenómeno potencialmente catalizador de violencia bidireccional, en la medida en que quien migra en condiciones de vulnerabilidad posee opciones racionales para el uso de la violencia, como también las tiene el actor receptor del fenómeno para emplearla, que es quien asume los costos sociales y fiscales. Para efectos del presente artículo, se analiza el caso migracional de africanos pobres a Europa en la última década. Regarding contemporary International Relations, the study of migration has been mostly limited to the dynamics of migration patterns between individuals and geographical spaces from the Global South to the Global North as well as to the study of the transformative social and demographic changes of migration environments. However, this research aims to explore the link between the international migration of the poor and the emergence of “bidirectional violence”, which has not been as addressed within the discipline. Accordingly, it is argued that the international migration of the poor is a potential catalyst of the bidirectional violence phenomenon- to the extent that those who migrate in vulnerable conditions have rational options for the use of violence as do the actors “receiving” the phenomenon, who take on social and fiscal costs. The case study of this article is the migration of poor African populations to Europe over the last decade.
- Published
- 2020
38. Las dimensiones teóricas del clúster y su aplicación al turismo médico
- Author
-
Jorge Carlos Morgan Medina, Onésimo Cuamea Velázquez, and Ario Refugio Estrada Gaxiola
- Subjects
H1-99 ,Consumption (economics) ,Horizontal and vertical ,business.industry ,Medical tourism ,clúster ,Competitive advantage ,Social sciences (General) ,turismo médico ,ventaja competitiva ,Economic geography ,Business ,Product (category theory) ,clusterización ,Location ,Tertiary sector of the economy ,Tourism - Abstract
Porter tiene dos versiones del concepto de clúster. En la primera versión, de 1990, afirma que, a nivel de la economía de un país, la industria es el elemento básico. Las interrelaciones claves son entre industrias, ya sean de tipo horizontal o vertical. En la segunda versión, del año 2000, sostiene que, a nivel de un área local o región, las firmas y las interrelaciones entre ellas son el elemento clave. En esta segunda versión, la ubicación geográfica y los factores socioculturales son exógenos a su generación y desarrollo. En consecuencia, las particularidades territoriales y las socio-culturales dentro del territorio no determinan los clústeres de empresas o la generación de las ventajas competitivas. La aplicación de esta metodología al turismo es una tarea reciente, incluso la investigación de este enfoque aplicada al sector de servicios, especialmente en el turismo médico, es un área nueva y, por lo tanto, poco desarrollada. De alguna manera, a este tipo de agrupaciones se les han aplicado los mismos principios que a los clústeres industriales. Una diferencia fundamental entre cualquier clúster industrial y un clúster de turismo estriba en el hecho que, en el primero, es el producto el que se desplaza fuera del lugar de producción hasta el lugar de consumo; mientras en cualquier clúster turístico sucede todo lo contrario, es decir, la demanda (el turista) es lo que debe trasladarse hacia el lugar de producción del producto turístico. Esta diferencia esencial repercute directamente en la manera de planear y gestionar un clúster de turismo médico.
- Published
- 2020
39. Caracterização funcional do RAP Eje Cafetero, Colombia
- Author
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Andrés Felipe Aristizábal Toro and Mario Alberto Gaviria Ríos
- Subjects
050210 logistics & transportation ,Economia urbana ,Funções urbanas ,Polycentrism ,Economic geography ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Policentrismo ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Geografía económica ,Economía urbana ,Região ,Urban Studies ,0502 economics and business ,Architecture ,Region ,Urban economy ,Urban functions ,Región ,Geografia económica ,Funciones urbanas - Abstract
Resumen Se presenta una caracterización funcional de la región del centro occidente colombiano, RAP Eje cafetero, en la que se identifican sus centros y subcentros regionales. A nivel de resultados, se observó en ella una organización de carácter policéntrico en la que tres de sus nodos centrales (Pereira, Manizales, Armenia) se desplegaron a partir de un proceso paralelo de expansión industrial y de producción cafetera, y aprovechan ventajas de conectividad y proximidades geográficas y culturales; en tanto el nodo restante (La Dorada) se apalanca en su localización estratégica, que le ofrece ventajas para la conectividad con la costa Atlántica y el centro del país, y atiende a una población que por distancia está fuera del área de influencia del resto de centros regionales. Resumo É apresentada uma caracterização das funções da região centro-oeste da Colombia, RAP Eje cafetero, identificando seus centros e subcentros regionais. No nível dos resultados, observou-se uma organização policêntrica na qual três de seus nós centrais (Pereira, Manizales, Armenia) eles se desenrolaram por meio de um processo paralelo de expansão industrial e produção de café, e aproveitar as vantagens da conectividade e proximidade geográfica e cultural; enquanto o nó restante (La Dorada) é alavancado em sua localização estratégica, que oferece vantagens para a conectividade com a costa atlântica e o centro do país, e atende a uma população que, à distância, está fora da área de influência do restante centros regionais. Abstract It is presented a functional characterization of the western central Colombian region, RAP Eje cafetero, where its regional centers and sub-centers are identified. At the results level, a polycentric organization was observed in which three of its central nodes (Pereira, Manizales, Armenia) were deployed from a parallel process of industrial expansion and coffee production, and take advantage of connectivity and geographical and cultural proximity. While the remaining node (La Dorada) is leveraged in its strategic location, which offers advantages for connectivity with the Atlantic coast and the center of the country, and serves a population that by distance is outside the area of influence of the other Regional centers.
- Published
- 2020
40. URBANIZAÇÃO E EXPANSÃO DO CIRCUITO INFERIOR DA ECONOMIA URBANA NO TERRITÓRIO POTIGUAR E NO EIXO RODOVIÁRIO NATAL-CAICÓ
- Author
-
Diego Salomão Candido de Oliveira Salvador
- Subjects
Geography (General) ,Poverty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Modernization theory ,Urban economics ,Geography ,State (polity) ,Urbanization ,Unemployment ,Field research ,Precarious work ,G1-922 ,Economic geography ,dinâmica econômica. urbanização. circuito inferior da economia urbana. rio grande do norte. eixo rodoviário natal-caicó ,media_common - Abstract
Neste artigo, analisamos a atual dinâmica econômica, a urbanização e a expansão do circuito inferior da economia urbana no Rio Grande do Norte e, especificamente, no eixo rodoviário Natal-Caicó. Adotamos esse eixo rodoviário como recorte de análise devido ao fato desse subsistema de movimentos do território potiguar interligar municípios do interior e do litoral do estado, se destacar pelos fluxos intermunicipais de passageiros e se caracterizar por cidades cujo centro econômico importante é a rodovia que as atravessa, sendo a rodovia margeada, sobretudo, por diversas atividades da economia não hegemônica. A análise que fazemos é fundamentada em reflexões teóricas sobre a dinâmica socioeconômica do território potiguar e na interpretação de dados estatísticos referentes à essa dinâmica e de dados primários decorrentes de pesquisa de campo realizada no eixo Natal-Caicó. Destarte, refletimos sobre a modernização econômica do território potiguar, atentando para o processo de urbanização desse território e do eixo rodoviário Natal-Caicó e apreendemos a contribuição da expansão da economia não hegemônica para o referido processo de urbanização. Concluímos considerando que as cidades e a economia crescem alicerçadas, sobretudo, em atividades econômicas mantenedoras da pobreza estrutural produzida pela modernização do território, situação essa característica do processo de precarização do trabalho. Como resposta sistêmica a essa situação, tem-se a segmentação da economia urbana, com o subsistema inferior cada vez mais dependente do superior, assim como mais permanente e receptor de trabalhadores diante da precarização das relações de trabalho e do desemprego, hoje, duradouro.
- Published
- 2020
41. Departmental regional competitiveness rates in Colombia
- Author
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Nelson De Jesús Alandete-Brochero and Elcira Solano-Benavides
- Subjects
Human Capital ,Capital humano ,Principal Components ,Agglomeration ,Componentes principales y Aglomeración ,Geografía económica ,Economic Geography ,Competitividad ,Competitiveness - Abstract
Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación es estimar la competitividad regional en Colombia, analizarla según teorías económicas y establecer su relación con el PIB departamental. Se emplean metodologías cuantitativas, análisis de componentes principales y modelos de datos de panel. Entre los principales resultados se encontraron siete índices de competitividad relacionados con la teoría económica: el de aglomeración tiene un alto grado de desigualdad con el resto de departamentos; el de fuerza centrífuga está relacionado con los factores de la tierra y la minería; el de infraestructura presenta grandes brechas; el de capital humano es el que presenta menor des- igualdad por la coberturas en educación en los departamentos; el de economía geográfica revela, igualmente, baja desigualdad mostrando que los costos de transporte han disminuido en Colombia; el de economía institu- cional es el que presenta menor desigualdad entre los departamentos y por último el de ciencia, tecnología e innovación muestra una gran desigualdad. Abstract This research aims to analyze the regional departmental competitiveness in relation to economic theories and regional per capita GDP in Colombia. A quantitative methodology of principal component analysis and panel data models is used. Among the main results, seven competitiveness indices related to economic theory were found: that of agglomeration has a high degree of inequality with the other departments; that of centrifugal force is related to the factors of land and mining; the infrastructure has large gaps; that of human capital is the one that presents the least inequality due to the coverage in education in the departments; that of geographic economy also reveals low inequality, showing that transportation costs have decreased in Colombia; the one of institutional economy is the one that presents less inequality between the departments and finally the one of science, technology and innovation shows great levels of inequality.
- Published
- 2020
42. Estructura espacial de la movilidad residencial en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile. 2012-2017
- Author
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Severino Escolano Utrilla, Jorge Ortiz Véliz, and Rodrigo Moreno Mora
- Subjects
Spatial structure ,Fragmentation (computing) ,movilidad residencial intraurbana ,General Medicine ,redes socioespaciales ,Metropolitan area ,áreas de movilidad ,región metropolitana ,Geography ,Individual data ,Spatial ecology ,Residence ,Santiago (Chile) ,Economic geography ,Analysis method - Abstract
Resumen: - La mayor parte de la investigación empírica sobre los patrones espaciales de movilidad residencial intraurbana se ha llevado a cabo a partir del estudio de los balances de entradas y salidas registradas en diversas unidades espaciales. Esta aproximación no permite delimitar áreas migratorias definidas según el origen, destino e intensidad de la movilidad residencial. Aquí se estudian los tipos espaciales de la movilidad residencial y su estructura en las comunas de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago (RMS) utilizando datos individuales del cambio de residencia entre comunas. La aplicación combinada de métodos de análisis espacial y de análisis de redes geosociales, ha puesto de manifiesto: a) el carácter complejo y bastante integrado de la red de movimientos residenciales; b) la gran influencia de la proximidad geográfica en los cambios de residencia y c) los efectos de los cambios de residencia en la diversificación socioespacial presentan notables diferencias territoriales. En conjunto, la estructura funcional y espacial de la movilidad residencial es coherente con los procesos de expansión y fragmentación física, social y funcional de la RMS.
- Published
- 2020
43. Dinámicas productivas y agrupamientos industriales en la región centro de México
- Author
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Alejandra Berenice Trejo Nieto and María Eugenia Negrete
- Subjects
desarrollo regional ,clusters industriales ,encadenamientos productivos ,industrial clusters ,central region ,General Medicine ,regional development ,conglomerado industrial ,Central region ,región centro ,productive linkages ,economic restructuring ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,lcsh:H ,Geography ,Mexico city ,industrial conglomerate ,lcsh:H1-99 ,Economic geography ,lcsh:Social sciences (General) ,reestructuración económica - Abstract
El objetivo del artículo es analizar la estructura productiva de la región centro de México, su desempeño económico y los cambios principales en el periodo 2003-2011. A partir de una matriz regional de insumo-producto, estimada para 2003, se identifican los clusters sectoriales mediante el método de componentes principales; de los seis encontrados destacan los de servicios avanzados y al consumidor, concentrados sobre todo en Ciudad de México. Aunque la metodología empleada sólo se basa en la fortaleza de las transacciones intersectoriales de compraventa, este análisis permite revelar las formas de organización económica y empresarial que tienen lugar en la región, para afrontar las presiones competitivas sobre su desarrollo y crecimiento económico.
- Published
- 2018
44. Amenity migration, privatized urban expansion and tourism in the Conlara Valley (San Luis, Argentina)
- Author
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Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Argentina and Nicolás Alberto Trivi
- Subjects
Urban expansion ,Geografía ,Amenity ,Expansión urbana ,lcsh:GF125 ,Turismo ,Paisagem ,lcsh:G1-922 ,landscape ,Migración de amenidad ,Tourism ,Paisaje ,Geography ,Expansão urbana ,lcsh:Cities. Urban geography ,San Luis (Argentina) ,Landscape ,Economic geography ,Amenity migration ,Migração de amenidades ,lcsh:Geography (General) - Abstract
Durante el neodesarrollismo, en Argentina se ha dado la aparición de fenómenos urbanos propios de las áreas metropolitanas en el interior del país, generando escenarios inéditos de tensión territorial. Mediante el uso de fuentes primarias y secundarias, se indaga en la articulación entre la territorialidad del turismo, el fenómeno de la migración de amenidad y la expansión urbana de destinos turísticos serranos con un gran crecimiento demográfico, a través de loteos y urbanizaciones cerradas. Y se da cuenta de los principales impactos socioterritoriales generados, tales como desmonte de zonas boscosas y desplazamiento de actividades rurales tradicionales. El área de estudio se ubica en el Valle del Conlara, provincia de San Luis, comprendiendo las localidades del Camino de la Costa, Villa de Merlo y Santa Rosa del Conlara.During neo-developmentalism, the emergence of new urban phenomena typical of metropolitan areas has taken place in the interior of Argentina, giving rise to unprecedented scenarios of territorial tension. By using primary and secondary sources, we explore the articulation between the territoriality of tourism, the phenomenon of amenity migration and the urban expansion of mountain tourist destinations with a great demographic growth, through subdivisions and closed housing developments. We also analyze the main socio-geographical impacts generated, such as the clearing of forest areas and the displacement of traditional rural activities. The study area is located in the Conlara Valley, in the province of San Luis, and comprises the localities of Camino de la Costa, Villa de Merlo and Santa Rosa del Conlara.Durante o neodesenvolvimentismo, na Argentina, surgem fenômenos urbanos próprios das áreas metropolitanas no interior do país gerando cenários inéditos de tensão territorial. Através do uso de fontes primárias e secundárias, indaga-se na articulação entre a territorialidade do turismo, o fenômeno da migração de amenidades e a expansão urbana de destinos turísticos serranos com um grande crescimento demográfico por meio de loteios e urbanizações fechadas. Em consequência, percebem-se os impactos socioterritoriais gerados, tais como o desmatamento de zonas florestais e o deslocamento de atividades rurais tradicionais. A área de estudo localiza-se no Vale do Conlara, província de San Luis, incluindo as localidades do Camino de la Costa, Villa de Merlo e Santa Rosa do Conlara. During neo-developmentalism, the emergence of new urban phenomena typical of metropolitan areas has taken place in the interior of Argentina, giving rise to unprecedented scenarios of territorial tension. By using primary and secondary sources, we explore the articulation between the territoriality of tourism, the phenomenon of amenity migration and the urban expansion of mountain tourist destinations with a great demographic growth, through subdivisions and closed housing developments. We also analyze the main socio-geographical impacts generated, such as the clearing of forest areas and the displacement of traditional rural activities. The study area is located in the Conlara Valley, in the province of San Luis, and comprises the localities of Camino de la Costa, Villa de Merlo and Santa Rosa del Conlara. Durante o neodesenvolvimentismo, na Argentina, surgem fenômenos urbanos próprios das áreas metropolitanas no interior do país gerando cenários inéditos de tensao territorial. Através do uso de fontes primárias e secundárias, indagase na articulaçao entre a territorialidade do turismo, o fenômeno da migraçao de amenidades e a expansao urbana de destinos turísticos serranos com um grande crescimento demográfico por meio de loteios e urbanizaçoes fechadas. Em consequência, percebemse os impactos socioterritoriais gerados, tais como o desmatamento de zonas florestais e o deslocamento de atividades rurais tradicionais. A área de estudo localizase no Vale do Conlara, província de San Luis, incluindo as localidades do Camino de la Costa, Villa de Merlo e Santa Rosa do Conlara. Fil: Trivi, Nicolás. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina.
- Published
- 2018
45. A ESTRUTURA URBANA NO OESTE DO PARANÁ: A INFLUÊNCIA DA CIDADE DE CASCAVEL NO SEU ENTORNO
- Author
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Iandra de Souza Maldaner, Jandir Ferrera de Lima, and Silvia Cristina Bender Greco
- Subjects
Desenvolvimento urbano ,economia urbana ,geoeconomia ,Urban development ,urban economy ,economic geography ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
De acordo com Milton Santos, o espaço se estrutura pela presençade capital e recebe sua influência em todos os setores.O capital influi na centralidade das cidades, com a presençade bens e serviços especializados gerando um poder deatração nos espaços geográficos ao seu redor. Esse poder deatratividade, exercido por alguns centros, é analisado atravésda centralidade exercida pela cidade de Cascavel – PR e adisponibilidade e variedade de seus serviços, que polariza asdemais cidades da região, como Toledo, Assis Chateaubriand,Marechal Cândido Rondon, Foz do Iguaçu, Medianeira eGuaraniaçu.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Regional employment and wages. The effects of transport costs and market potential. An application for Argentina
- Author
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Pedro E. Moncarz
- Subjects
economic geography ,market potential ,spatial agglomeration ,increasing returns ,transport costs ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 ,Statistics ,HA1-4737 - Abstract
Economic activity in Argentina shows a high degree of concentration, in 1993 almost 46% of GDP was generated in an area representing just 0.14% of the country. When looking at the manufacturing sector the concentration is still higher. The new economic geography models developed since the early nineties explain the location of economic activity across regions as the result of two opposite forces, centripetal and centrifugal. As trade costs are reduced, the relative strength of these two forces changes, such that we might also expect changes in the regional structure of production and wages. How trade liberalising policies might have affected the structure of production and wages across regions is the topic we try to make a contribution. The evidence points out that the further reduction of trade barriers during the nineties might have had a small effect on the regional structure of employment and wages across counties, at least in the short-run.
- Published
- 2007
47. The economical in the Geography: a reflection starting from the USPs geographical production
- Author
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Flaviana Gasparotti NUNES
- Subjects
Pensamento geográfico ,USP ,geografia econômica ,epistemologia ,Geographic thought ,economic geography ,epistemology ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
This article aims at pointing at some subjects and elements for the reflection concerning the presence and role of the economical in the geographical analysis. The discussion had for base the analysis of the doctorate thesis presented at FFLCH/USP in the period of 1970-2001 whose themes and approach forms were identified in the extent of the Economic Geography. Starting from this analysis, they were identified by the main influences relative to the economical references and we could say that introducing historical materialism through theories, concepts, ideas and methodological statements has been the main way of highlighting the economic element in geographic analysis, since the theoretical-methodological basis employed in this work allows for a strengthening of the economic element, which takes the central role in the analyses.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Organisation et impact territorial de l’activité de pêche commerciale côtière dans la Reserve de la biosphère Ría Celestún (Mexique)
- Author
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Crespo Guerrero, José Manuel and Jiménez Pelcastre, Araceli
- Subjects
economic geography ,Yucatán ,lcsh:GF125 ,yucatán ,lcsh:G1-922 ,lcsh:City planning ,lcsh:HT165.5-169.9 ,Áreas naturales protegidas ,Aires naturelles protégées ,Natural protected areas ,lcsh:Cities. Urban geography ,mondialisation ,pêche ,Yucatan ,globalización ,pesca ,géographie économique ,globalization ,fishing ,áreas naturales protegidas ,geografía económica ,lcsh:Geography (General) - Abstract
Coastal commercial fishing is a common economic practice for local populations of natural protected areas which encompass both maritime and terrestrial environments. The aim of this paper is to describe the organizational pattern of coastal commercial fishing in the Ría Celestún Biosphere Reserve (northeast of the Yucatan peninsula). It explains how the organization and official regulations of the above-mentioned activity are completed by the distribution of spaces of utilization, which is embedded in its socio-cultural context, and is currently being modified by the demand conditions of international markets (US, European and Asian). The research is based on quantitative data provided by public institutions and private entities, as well as on qualitative data obtained during the field work. La pesca comercial ribereña es una práctica económica común para las poblaciones que viven en las áreas naturales protegidas de dominio marítimo-terrestres. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir la forma organizativa de la pesca comercial ribereña en la Reserva de la biosfera de Ría Celestún (noroeste de la península mexicana de Yucatán). Se mostrará cómo la organización y la regulación oficial de la actividad se completan con una distribución de los espacios de aprovechamiento de naturaleza sociocultural que están siendo modificados por la demanda de los mercados internacionales (asiático, europeo y estadounidense). Para ello, se utilizarán datos cuantitativos procedentes de las instituciones públicas y entidades privadas, y cualitativos obtenidos en el trabajo de campo. La pêche commerciale côtière est une pratique économique commune aux populations qui habitent dans les aires naturelles protégées de domaine maritimo-terrestre. Ce travail a pour but de décrire la façon dont s’organise la pêche commerciale côtière dans la Réserve de la biosphère de Ria Celestún (nord-ouest de la péninsule mexicaine du Yucatán). Nous montrerons comment l’organisation et la régulation officielle de l’activité vont de paire avec une distribution des espaces d'exploitation de nature socioculturelle qui sont en voie de modification suivant la demande des marchés internationaux (asiatique, européen et américain). À cet effet nous utiliserons des données quantitatives provenant des institutions publiques et privées, notre travail sur le terrain nous ayant fourni les données qualitatives.
- Published
- 2017
49. Splintering (sub) urbanism and social differences: Gated communities as the driver for suburban change in Chacras de Coria (Mendoza, Argentina)
- Author
-
Sonia Roitman
- Subjects
spatial and social inequality ,gated communities ,Land use ,Fine Arts ,social differences ,urban transformations ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Metropolitan area ,NA1-9428 ,Geography ,Argument ,suburbia ,Architecture ,Social inequality ,Economic geography ,050703 geography ,Urbanism - Abstract
This article analyses the geographical, economic and spatial transformations in suburbia as a consequence of the arrival of gated communities. The latter are fostering splintering (sub) urbanism, changes in land use and increasing spatial and social inequalities. The article provides evidence supporting this argument through the examination of the transformations occurring in Chacras de Coria, a suburb in the Metropolitan Area of Mendoza (MAM), Argentina. The analysis is based on primary and secondary data.
- Published
- 2017
50. Relationships between floods and social fragmentation: A case study of Chiayi, Taiwan
- Author
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Lee Yung Jaan, Lee Ting Jay, and Peng Li Pei
- Subjects
Floods, social fragmentation, social vulnerability, disaster, overlay analysis ,lcsh:TD201-500 ,lcsh:Hydraulic engineering ,Flood myth ,Emergency management ,business.industry ,Vulnerability ,Fragmentation (computing) ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Social integration ,lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,lcsh:TC1-978 ,Sociology ,Economic geography ,Construct (philosophy) ,business ,Social vulnerability ,Mechanism (sociology) ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Lee, Y.-J. Peng, L.-P., & Lee, T.-J. (March-April, 2017). Relationships between floods and social fragmentation: A case study of Chiayi, Taiwan. Water Technology and Sciences (in Spanish), 8(2), 5-18. The social vulnerability approach has been recognized as one of the most important tools for exploring contexts and coping strategies in relation to contemporary disasters. However, social vulnerability is such a multi-faceted and complex construct that scholars from different fields have not reached consensus on how best to measure it, and discussions on this issue continue. Some scholars consider that this approach can manifest the role of human agency. However, given a lack of historical observations, interpreting the causes of disasters through event-based perspectives cannot easily reflect the institutional mechanism behind disaster events. Thus, this study applies a social fragmentation concept to represent the opposite of social integration and depicts the trend of social fragmentation based on historical data from 1983–2011 in the Chiayi County, Taiwan. Furthermore, this study overlays the trend of social fragmentation and the flood map at the township level using the GIS technique. Four types of social fragmentation are identified, namely “continuous high social fragmentation,” “transformed social fragmentation,” “fluctuating social fragmentation” and “continuous low social fragmentation”. The study suggests that the social fragmentation approach can play a supplementary role in measuring the social vulnerability indicator.
- Published
- 2017
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