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In recent decades the fluence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation striking the ground has increased as a consequence of ozone depletion at southern latitudes. This phenomenon has sparked much interest in unravelling how plants acclimate to this condition. UV-B radiation triggers several responses that affect plant physiology, morphology and biochemistry. In this study, the effects of supplemental UV-B radiation on plant architecture, UV-B absorbing compounds and photosynthetic pigments were analyzed in two cosmopolitan species. A different range of responsiveness was found in the morphological parameters (leaf area, length and width; plant height) of species. The effects on photosynthetic pigment content and the UV-B absorbing compounds were studied through absorbance measurements. The obtained data showed that only carotenoids increased in irradiated plants of R. rhabarabarum. Likewise, an increase in the UV-B absorbing compounds content was found in irradiated plants from the same species. This effect may be regarded as a chemical protection against the damaging effects of light in photosynthesis and against oxidative cell damage. UV-B radiation induced photomorphogenic responses. In fact, all the morphological parameters of P. lanceolata were increased. The clear increase shown in leaf size and plant height suggest that cell division and stem elongation and/or differentiation processes are stimulated by UV-B radiation. These changes can be seen as an eustress effect and may indicate that plants are physiologically adapted to this level of UV-B radiation.

The authors studied the state of the functional-metabolic continuum in white rats while modeling psycho-emotional distress. They evaluated the effect of mineral water with a high content of sodium bromine and chlorides, when applied externally, on the state of the body of the test animals in distress. The model of distress in rats is characterized by rearrangements of metabolic reactions: an increase in endogenous intoxication, an increase in the activity of lipid peroxidation against the background of a decrease in the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes, a reduction in the content of creatinine and urea, a decrease in the energy supply of the activity of transmembrane metabolism and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Simultaneously with adverse changes in metabolic reactions, signs of dystrophic changes in internal organs are determined. Course external application of mineral water (MW) with a high content of sodium, chlorides and bromine in rats with psycho-emotional distress significantly improves metabolism. The normalization of energy metabolism and balance in the lipid-antioxidant system of indicators of endogenous intoxication and the restoration of the functional state of the liver confirms this. In the internal organs, manifestations of dystrophy disappear. The authors believe that using MW improves the condition of regulatory processes, thereby restoring the functional-metabolic continuum in distressed rats.

The initial outburst of the pandemic, in early 2020, forced China and the rest of the world into seclusion, anxiety, social alienation. In the Sinosphere, a human response to the aporia of isolation is the lyrical production, a prosperous literary activity through which the individual gives shape to a collective consciousness. The present paper examines a collection of Sinophone verses sprung from the Covid-19 threat and dismay, as a psychic necessity to re-organize the perception of the outer world. Specifically, it studies a body of fifty-two poems composed by twelve lyrical Sinophone voices, published in Chinese in a spring number of the respected literary journal Jintian 今天. This investigation primarily focuses on the cultural, aesthetic, and psychological value of a lyrical polyphony embodied by unchained Sinophone voices, which sing against the background of a common predicament. In parallel, it reads the collection as a collective memory and a cultural repository, engendered by a narrative projection of experience: to that end, it combines a narratological approach with the observation of certain lyrical features of a “poetics of distress”.

Previous research has shown that subjective underemployment is inversely associated to job satisfaction, psychological well-being and health. To our knowledge, the current is the first study that explores subjective underemployment in under-graduates in Colombia. One hundred and forty-two workers participated in a correlational, and comparative study. Results replicated previous findings: as subjective underemployment perception increased, job satisfaction and general life satisfac-tion decreased. Significant differences were found in the indicators of job satisfaction and general life satisfaction among those who perceive underemployment and those who do not. Finally, the potential role of subjective underemployment on employees’ health is discussed.

Abstract This study aimed to present validity evidence based on internal structure of the Kessler Scale of Psychological Distress (K10), to show its relations with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and to present a social distribution of distress in the present sample. Participated in the study 717 residents of Aracaju, State of Sergipe, by means of household data collection. A sociodemographic questionnaire, K10, and PSS-10 were used as instruments. Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed using the Factor software, which indicated the scale unidimensionality, explaining 69.9% of the variance. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.93, and the model adjustment indices were satisfactory. A positive and statistically significant association between K10 and PSS-10 was observed. Regarding the social distribution, the levels of distress were higher in women, patients with chronic diseases, users of controlled drugs, and unemployed participants. It was concluded that K10 presented robust psychometric properties for the detection of distress in general population.

Much attention has been paid to the study of the numerous effects of chronic stress and the methods of their correction, but some questions remain unanswered. Goal. To investigate the effect of highly mineralized sodium chloride mineral water (brine) on the structural and functional state of rat kidneys with experimental distress. White female rats weighing 180 - 220 g were ranked into three groups: group I intact rats (control), group II rats with a distress model (duration 30 days); group III - rats with a model of distress, who from 15 to 30 day of experiment received a course of external procedures with rapes. In group II rats, the development of distress caused dystrophic changes in the kidneys, which led to inhibition of their urinary, ion-regulating and excretory functions. To correct the manifestations of distress rats received a course of external procedures with brine (5 procedures for 2 hours a day). Renal function restored: GFR exceeds group I data by 30%, resulting in complete recovery of the diuresis. Urea excretion is restored, and creatinine excretion exceeds the control level by 30% (p

In the current environment of economic crisis, and rising unemployment the concern is primarily with the deterioration of Mental Health of university students who will go to the labor market, since this transition poses highlighted problems with the mental health of university students, contributing to the development of higher levels of anxiety and stress This article is a comprehensive summary of a research, who sought to determine whether there is a relationship between mental health in higher Portuguese education students face the transition to the labor market. Looking corroborate this end, we used a sample of 302 students, of different establishments of Higher Education of Portugal. For the assessment of study variables were used the portuguese version of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) (Canavarro, 1999), the portuguese version of the Mental Health Inventory (MHI) (Ribeiro, 2001), and the Job Hopelessness Scale (JHS). The main results show that there is an association between the discouragement towards job search and the psychopathological symptomatology evaluated by the BSI, and that there is an association between the discouragement towards the job search and the distress and the psychological well-being evaluated by the MHI.

Background: The novel 2019 COVID-19 spreads by respiratory and aerosols. COVID-19 driven pandemic causes panic, fear and stress among all strata of society. Like all other medical professions, dentists, particularly endodontists, who are highly exposed to aerosols would be exposed to stress. Objective: To survey the Indian endodontists to better understand their levels of psychological stress during the Indian lockdown COVID-19 Pandemic. Methods: From 8th April to 16th April 2020, we conducted an online survey in closed endodontic social media using snowball sampling technique, collecting basic demographic data, practice setting and relevant data. Psychological stress and perceived distress were collected through COVID-19 Peri-traumatic Distress Index and Perceived stress scale. Multinomial regression analysis was performed to estimate relative risk rate and p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: This study had 586 Indian endodontists completing this survey across India. Of these, 311(53.07 %) were males, 325(55 %) in the age group of 25-35 years, 64 % in urban areas, 13.14 % in solo-practice and a fourth of them were residents. Female endodontists had high perceived stress (RRR = 2.46, p = 0.01) as compared to males, as measured by PSS. Younger endodontists < 25 years (RRR = 9.75; p = 0.002) and 25-35years (RRR = 4.60; p = 0.004) as compared with > 45 years age-group had more distress. Exclusive consultants had RRR = 2.90, p = 0.02, for mild-to-moderate distress as compared to normal. Factors driving this phenomenon are considered. Conclusions: During the lock down due to COVID-19, 1-in-2 Indian endodontists had distress, as measured by CPDI and 4-in-5 of them had perceived stress, as indicated by PSS. Our model identified certain factors driving the (dis)stress, which would help policy framers to initiate appropriate response.

This paper describes the rehabilitation proposal, methodology of evaluation of distress and likely remedial measures for 100 years old steel bridge on Ulhas river, near Mumbai. The bridge is constructed in year 1914 during British era apparently now heritage bridge as it was constructed with unique structural arrangement of jack arch decking and warren truss girder with verticals. After structural audit in 2000, it revealed the deterioration of steel parts and concrete initiated long back because of humid atmosphere and pollution in the area. Durgadee bridge showed various signs of bridge distress like major cracks in masonry abutments, heavy corrosion of Mild Steel (MS) structural members, non -functioning of expansion joints and bearings, failure of jack arch roof plates, de-bonding of concrete and exposed reinforcement etc. Paper discusses recommendations for rehabilitation and corrosion protection.

Facing a cancer diagnosis has a strong emotional impact on both patient and family because, in addition to the clear threat to health posed affecting all areas of life, which can lead them to demand psychological attention. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the usual clinical setting in oncology, analyzing for this, a sample of patients and relatives (n = 4,924) of the counseling service of AECC. The instruments used in the methodology are a self-report, specifically the distress thermometer (DT), and an interview. The results show that the profile of the primary beneficiary of psychological care in the AECC is female (72%), 55 ages, married or in a stable relationship (64%), which is also a patient in active treatment (37%) or at advanced disease (26%) and breast cancer diagnosis (28%). 85% of users presents high or severe levels of distress, manifesting as the main reason for consultation regarding emotional distress arising from the disease (42%). The number of intervention sessions conducted varies significantly according to the complaint. To conclude, indication that psychological intervention is requested on those stages of the disease where the levels of distress are clearly superior and deterioration of quality of life is significant. Therefore, it is essential to stress the importance of psychological care in cancer patients.

Stress reflects the body’s response to different demands, and it is generally accepted that good and bad experiences can cause stress. There is positive (eustress) and negative stress (distress), and both affect people. The factors causing stress range from physiological (e.g., fear of danger) too emotional (e.g., worry about money or family), and vary from person to person. The research question of this study was if the causes of stress are different between Latin American and American students at the Latin American Studies Program of the University of New Mexico (UNM) in Albuquerque, the United States. The article depicts how local and foreign graduate students perceive their stress. Findings revealed that the top four common stressors for college students are academic responsibility, time management, financial situation, and personal relationships. Six qualitative methods, such as observation, individual interviews, focus groups, collective analysis, social mapping, and visual analysis, were used to collect insight in the phenomenon of stress. The collected information was codified, organized, classified and consolidated using the Atlas.ti database, and analyzed using the triangulation technique. Results show that stress perception is significantly influenced by the cultural differences between the students.

O câncer de mama representa uma preocupação entre as mulheres de modo geral, em especial para aquelas com histórico familiar da doença. A exposição a estímulos externos relacionados à doença pode modificar a percepção da mulher sobre o câncer de mama como, por exemplo, seus sintomas, percepção de controle e cura, causas e consequências envolvidas na possibilidade de adoecer. O objetivo do estudo foi examinar a relação entre percepção do câncer de mama e distress emocional em mulheres com e sem histórico familiar da doença. Participaram deste estudo de delineamento observacional analítico e transversal 114 mulheres usuárias de serviços de atenção básica de saúde do sul do Brasil, 43 delas com histórico de câncer de mama (idade média=48.21; DP=11.91) e 71 sem histórico familiar (idade média=50.21; DP=11.44). Os instrumentos foram: questionários de comportamentos em saúde, de percepção da doença e termômetro de distress. Os resultados sugerem que as mulheres com histórico familiar acreditaram ter menos controle da doença por meio do tratamento (U=1088.5; p

Abstract The favorable prognosis of testicular cancer does not minimize immediate and late biopsychosocial implications. This study sought to determine these needs, and to evaluate the evidence of validation of a brief and specific scale for this population. A sample of 29 survivors of testicular cancer (n = 29) was assessed for distress (Distress Thermometer), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), quality of life and cognitive impairment (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-General and Cognitive Function), and specific needs (Cancer Assessment for Young Adults-Testicular). It was observed a high prevalence of distress (41.4%), a low prevalence of anxiety (6.9%) and depression (6.9%), and a moderate impact on quality of life and cognition. Self-image and sexual function were the most preponderant problems. The evidence of validation of Cancer Assessment for Young Adults-Testicular12 was verified in the psychometric analysis. Notably, biopsychosocial needs identified on global scales, and particularly in Cancer Assessment for Young Adults-Testicular12, assisted in understanding these specificities and in therapeutic planning.

The present study aimed to identify the effects of moral distress on nurses. Integrative literature review with data collection from May to September 2013 and updated in July 2015 in database Biblioteca Virtual emSaúde, using the terms: Moral Distress, Moral Suffering, Nurse andNursing.The final sample was composed of eighty-five studies.The outcomes are presented in four categories. The first one (Feelings) includes dissatisfaction, frustration and anger; the second (Sickening) emerged from the experience of physical and emotional sickening; the third (Quality of care) concerns the actions that resulted in ineffective care and denial of patient advocacy; and the fourth (Coping Strategies)showed the types of coping such as:abandonment of the profession and denaturalization of the practices. The effects are present in the daily routine of the professionals, causing damage often irreversible and, abandonment of the employment.

El estrés es un elemento de la cotidianidad humana, por ende, también, del ámbito académico. Este se manifiesta mediante alteraciones en la conducta, problemáticas psicosomáticas y sociales, como bajo rendimiento, dolores corporales, bloqueos mentales, inclusión fallida en los grupos sociales, deserción, etc.El objeto del estudio fue determinar los factores de estrés más comunes que influyen dentro de las diferentes áreas de la vida del estudiante. La población analizada fueron los estudiantes de las generaciones 2013, 2014 y 2015 del CHC, a los cuales se les aplicó un instrumento likert durante 3 etapas distintas del ciclo lectivo. La población encuestada indicó que el estrés académico se deriva principalmente de la presencia de factores como problemáticas dentro del círculo social próximo. Ambos con carácter cíclico, de manera que se relacionan directamente en el desempeño académico con la estabilidad emocional del estudiante y viceversa.

Objective: To examine the experience of suffering and its relation with physical, psychological, social and spiritual problems in advanced cancer patients. Methods: Ninety-eight patients attending the palliative care unit of an oncologic institution participated in the study. The level of suffering and the intensity and threat perceived from symptoms and a series of physical, psychological, social and spiritual problems were examined, as well as adjustment levels, illness awareness and coping strategies. Descriptive and comparative statistics were obtained. Results: Nearly 50% of participants manifested moderate suffering. The most frequent problems encountered were: general distress, asthenia, emotional distress, loss of autonomy, sadness, concern for the family´s future and suffering. Severe suffering was associated to adjustment problems and use of wishful thinking. Lower levels of suffering were associated with cognitive restructuring and avoidance strategies. Conclusions: Results indicate the importance of focusing on the subjective aspects of the illness experience. Any symptom or problem has the potential to become a source of suffering when perceived as threatening and when the person´s regulatory processes are insufficient for adaptation.

Objective: To determine the levels of distress, anxiety and depression and their relation with perceived competence (PC) in cancer patients. Methods: Sociodemographic and clinical data of 42 patients attending the psychology service of an oncology institution were collected. Also, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Perceived Competence Scale (PCS) were used. Descriptive, comparative and correlational statistics were obtained. Results: Mean age 49±10.6 years (rank 22-69), 83% female, the most frequent diagnosis was breast cancer (26.2%), 61.9% were in stage IV and more than half in palliative treatment. Scores of distress, anxiety and depression were medium-low and were moderate for PC. An inverse and significant relation between distress and PC was found (p < .01). Correlations between anxiety, depression and PC were non-significant. Conclusions: General control beliefs such as PC are closely related to the emotional state of patients. Research on PC is of importance given that general control beliefs may benefit adjustment along the illness trajectory.

Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Mini-MAC in a Colombian cancer sample. Methods: one hundred and twenty-six cancer patients completed the adapted Mini-MAC, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Detection of Emotional Distress Scale (DED). Descriptive, correlational and internal consistency statistics were obtained. An Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a Path Analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were performed. Results: A 4-factor solution was derived: Helplessness/Hopelessness (HH), Anxious Preoccupation (AP), Cognitive Avoidance (CA) and Fighting Spirit (FS). PCA values indicated a factor solution explaining 58.9% of the variance. Significant correlations were found between HH and AP, and HH and FS. CA significantly correlated with AP and FS. Significant correlations between Mini-MAC, HADS and DED were found. Cronbach´s Alpha was superior to .6 in all cases. SEM analysis indicated that HH and AP have a positive effect on anxiety and a negative one on the emotional state, explaining 49% of the variance. CA had a negative effect on the emotional state. Altogether, HH, AP y CA explained 39% of the variance on emotional state. Conclusion: The Colombian version of the Mini-MAC is valid and reliable. It constitutes an adequate tool for assessment of coping in cancer.

Bank failures affect owners, employees, and customers, possibly causing large-scale economic distress. Thus, banks must evaluate operational risks and develop early warning systems. This study investigates bank failures in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, the North America Free Trade Area (NAFTA), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the European Union, newly industrialized countries, the G20, and the G8. We use financial ratios to analyze and explore the appropriateness of prediction models. Results show that capital ratios, interest income compared to interest expenses, non-interest income compared to non-interest expenses, return on equity, and provisions for loan losses have significantly negative correlations with bank failure. However, loan ratios, non-performing loans, and fixed assets all have significantly positive correlations with bank failure. In addition, the accuracy of the logistic model for banks from NAFTA countries provides the best prediction accuracy regarding bank failure

The concept of stress is already 80 years old, the issue is getting better researched. Mechanisms of action better understood. We notice the difference between eustress and distress - that what is good and usefull for our body, and what is not. This topic of this research is getting more and more important - faster and faster pace of life, more and more civilization diseases. 77% of people regularly experience physical symptoms of stress, while psychologically, 73%. With such figures, the authors would like to draw attention to the importance of this issue and to what are the latest findings in this area, what else has to be done and how can we now handle it. The amount of illness that is associated with stress is enormous. Whether directly as their main cause or indirect as a factor predisposing to its occurrence. Literature provides numerous examples of immunology, cardiology or neurology. Extremaly worrying is the impact of stress during pregnancy to the adult life of an unborn child. Of course we can also find ways of treating it, whether it is pharmacological: stress or its consequences or by reducing stress. In conclusion, this is a significant condition that has a large effect on a large number of people. Worrying that even doctor and nurses who have knowledge of this subject is not devoid of the negative effects of stress. Exactly due to the specifics of work more exposed.

Objective: To assess the mental health status and associated factors of Peruvian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic., Methods: Descriptive, multicentre, correlational study that used the "Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)", the "Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)" and the "Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R)" questionnaires to evaluate mental health problems., Results: A total of 1,238 students from 8 Peruvian medical schools participated in the study. Of these, 68.5% were women, and the mean age was 21.4 years. Depressive symptoms were found in 74% of the participants, anxiety symptoms in 57% and distress symptoms in 65%. The variables associated with the development of symptoms of moderate-severe depression, anxiety and distress were: not having family economic stability, being in the first years of medical training, being female, and fearing that their medical training would be delayed and impaired., Conclusions: In a sample of medical students surveyed during the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health problems were common. The factors associated with mental health reported in this study could be useful in identifying vulnerable medical students who require timely psychosocial support and/or psychiatric care., (Copyright © 2021 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Łuczyk Marta, Śniszewska Katarzyna, Łuczyk Robert, Pietraszek Agata, Bartoszek Agnieszka, Kocka Katarzyna, Szadowska‑Szlachetka Zdzisława. Występowanie i nasilenie distresu u pacjentów z nowotworem złośliwym w okresie przygotowania do leczenia chirurgicznego = The occurrence and severity of distress in cancer patients during preparation for surgery. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(7):498-512. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.58776 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3713 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 20.06.2016. Revised 15.07.2016. Accepted: 26.07.2016. Występowanie i nasilenie distresu u pacjentów z nowotworem złośliwym w okresie przygotowania do leczenia chirurgicznego The occurrence and severity of distress in cancer patients during preparation for surgery Marta Łuczyk1, Katarzyna Śniszewska2, Robert Łuczyk3, Agata Pietraszek1, Agnieszka Bartoszek4, Katarzyna Kocka4, Zdzisława Szadowska-Szlachetka1 1Zakład Onkologii, Katedra Onkologii i Środowiskowej Opieki Zdrowotnej, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 2 Absolwentka Wydziału Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 3 Katedra Interny z Zakładem Pielęgniarstwa Internistycznego, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 4 Zakład Medycyny Rodzinnej i Pielęgniarstwa Środowiskowego, Katedra Onkologii i Środowiskowej Opieki Zdrowotnej, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie Streszczenie Wstęp. Pacjent z rozpoznanym nowotworem złośliwym, który oczekuje na zabieg operacyjny odczuwa różnego rodzaje emocje. Jedną z nich jest distres będący reakcją na zagrożenie związaną z diagnozą zagrażającej życiu choroby oraz koniecznością jej leczenia. Jeżeli distres przekracza możliwości adaptacyjne ustroju może działać szkodliwie na organizm [1]. Cel pracy. Ocena występowania i nasilenia distresu u chorych na nowotwory złośliwe w okresie przygotowania do zabiegu chirurgicznego. Materiał i metoda. Badaniem objęto 101 osób z rozpoznanym nowotworem złośliwym zakwalifikowanych do leczenia chirurgicznego. Do badań wykorzystano autorski kwestionariusz wywiadu oraz Termometr distresu. Wyniki. U ponad połowy pacjentów z rozpoznanym nowotworem złośliwym w okresie przygotowania do zabiegu chirurgicznego występowało niewielkie nasilenie distresu, u części chorych nasilenie distresu było znaczne. U pacjentów z nasilonym poziomem distresu najczęściej wskazywanymi problemami były trudności w pracy i szkole, w relacjach z partnerem oraz poddenerwowanie i zmęczenie. Na występowanie i nasilenie distresu u pacjentów onkologicznych przygotowywanych do zabiegu chirurgicznego nie mają wpływu czynniki społeczno-demograficzne oraz rodzaj rozpoznanego nowotworu. Słowa kluczowe: nowotwór złośliwy, distres, termometr distresu, leczenie chirurgiczne nowotworów. Summary Admission. A patient diagnosed with a malignant tumor that is pending surgery feels different kinds of emotions. One of them is the distress that is a reaction to the threat associated with the diagnosis of a life-threatening disease and the need for its treatment. If the distress exceeds the capabilities of the adaptive system can cause harm to the body [1]. Aim of the study. To estimate the prevalence and severity of distress in cancer patients during preparation for surgery. Material and methods. The study involved 101 people diagnosed with a malignant tumor qualified for surgical treatment. The study used an original interview questionnaire and the distress thermometer. Results. More than half of patients diagnosed with malignant the period of preparation for surgery occurred mild distress, in some patients the severity of distress was considerable. In patients with severe levels of distress following most common problems were difficulties at work and school, in the relationship with a partner, and usually follows, and fatigue. The occurrence and severity of distress in cancer patients before surgery do not affect the socio-demographic factors and the type of cancer diagnosed. Keywords: cancer, distress, distress thermometer, surgical treatment of cancer.

Las últimas teorizaciones freudianas relativas a la angustia redefinen su lugar, en articulación con el valor nuclear que cobra el complejo de castración. Estas conceptualizaciones establecen un anudamiento entre lo traumático, en términos de lo no ligado, y la angustia automática, frente a lo que vale como indefensión para el sujeto. El juego del "fort -da" y el juego de "hacerse desaparecer a sí mismo en el espejo" constituyen referentes centrales para abordar esta temática a la vez que permiten reactualizar, desde otra perspectiva, la pregunta acerca de los límites del análisis: el interrogante atañe a una imperfección estructural del aparato psíquico. Los desarrollos de Lacan en torno a las operaciones relativas a la constitución del sujeto contribuyen a esclarecer el anudamiento establecido por Freud entre la angustia, el trauma y la castración.The last Freudian theories relative to the distress redefine her place, in joint with the nuclear value that receives the complex of castration. These conceptualizations establish a bow between the traumatic thing, in terms of not tied, and the automatic distress, opposite to what it costs as abandonment for the subject. The game of "fort-da" and the game "be making eliminate himself in the mirror" constitute central modals to approach this subject matter simultaneously that they allow to re-update, from another perspective, the question about the limits of the analysis: the question concerns a structural blemish of the psyche. Lacan's developments concerning the operations relative to the constitution of the subject help to clarify the bow established by Freud between the distress, the trauma and the castration.

Este estudo avaliou a eficácia de uma intervenção psicoeducacional em grupo destinada a promover habilidades adaptativas de enfrentamento, minimizar o distress e melhorar a qualidade de vida entre pacientes oncológicos em início de quimioterapia. Da intervenção, composta por seis encontros, participaram três mulheres, que foram avaliadas antes, logo após e três meses depois da participação, utilizando-se a Escala de Modos de Enfrentamento, o questionário WHOQOL-bref e a Psychological Screening Tool for Cancer Patients. Uma outra paciente, que não participou do grupo, teve seus resultados comparados aos das demais. Imediatamente após, houve melhora significativa para as integrantes do grupo: aumento de estratégias focalizadas no problema, busca de suporte social e qualidade de vida, bem como redução de ansiedade e depressão. A paciente que não participou da intervenção grupal obteve indicadores menos favoráveis. Nas reavaliações, os resultados se mantiveram, indicando que o grupo psicoeducacional atingiu seus objetivos terapêuticos.

La violencia de pareja es un problema de salud pública y el modelo para manejo de síntomas fue el marco conceptual que guía este estudio. Objetivo: medir el efecto de la violencia de pareja sobre la salud mental de las mujeres que consultan a las comisarías de familia de Cali. Metodología: diseño analítico, transversal, con mujeres que denuncian violencia de pareja en las comisarías de familia de Cali, Colombia. Se aplican la Lista de Chequeo de Síntomas de Distres SCL-90R y las Escalas de Tácticas de Resolución de Conflictos y de Resiliencia. Resultados: la muestra de 100 mujeres adultas que denuncian violencia de pareja presentó un Índice Global de Severidad de Síntomas de 1,36; un Índice de Distrés de Síntomas Positivos de 2,27, y puntajes altos en las nueve dimensiones de síntomas psicológicos. En la comparación con muestras normativas de pacientes siquiátricas ambulatorias no se aprecian diferencias significativas para la mayoría de los índices. El 60% de las mujeres presentan síndrome de estrés postraumático. Discusión: los hallazgos son preocupantes por la similitud con las muestras normativas de pacientes siquiátricas ambulatorias; las mujeres de nuestro estudio presentan una necesidad de cuidado que les permita adquirir o desarrollar sus recursos personales y externos para salir adelante.Partner's violence is a public health problem. Symptom management is the theoretical framework guiding this study. The research question is: what is the effect of partner`s violence on women's mental health reporting it to the Cali, Colombia Family Commssaries? Objective: to measure the effect of partner' s violence on women's mental health asking help to the Family Commissaries of Cali, Colombia. Methodology: cross-sectional design with a sample of women that denounce their situation to the Family Commissaries of Cali. The Check List of Symptom -SCL-90R, the Conflict Resolution Tactics and the Resilience scales are applied. Results: the sample comprises 100 women. The Global Distress Index is 1.36; the Distress Index for Positive Symptom is 2.27; nine dimensions of symptoms obtain high scores. Comparison with normative samples of psychiatric out-patients do not show statistical significant differences for most of the indexes; 60% of women present post-traumatic stress disorder. Discussion: the findings are similar to normative samples from psychiatric out - patients. The partner's violence effect on mental health is considerable and calls for action. Women have needs related with care. They need help to gain or develop personal skills and external resources to handle partner's violence.

Si bien el estrés laboral es una realidad experimentada cada jornada por muchos trabajadores, debemos reconocer que algunas profesiones y actividades laborales generan más estrés (distrés) que otras: así, los trabajos de dirección, nocturnos, monótonos, de servicios comunitarios, de industria pesada y minería, de construcción, etc. La mayor acumulación de estrés laboral puede alterar los patrones de conducta de quienes lo sufren. De manera muy especial, los hábitos alimentarios y las conductas asociadas a ellos pueden verse seriamente afectados por el estrés laboral (ingestas inadecuadas o extemporáneas), o pueden, "sensu contrario", ser desencadenantes de formas de estrés originadas por alteraciones o desórdenes dietéticos. Por eso no extraña que el aparato digestivo se convierta en órgano diana de patologías asociadas al estrés propio de ambientes y ritmos laborales insanos y vitandos. El estrés laboral puede alterar el apetito y el hambre y, como consecuencia, la correcta conducta alimentaria y la nutrición que, inexorable e involuntariamente, sigue a ésta. En determinadas circunstancias, hay disociación entre el apetito (sensación primariamente psíquica) y el hambre (sensación básicamente orgánica). Y es que el apetito, como estado mental, puede verse modificado por diferentes situaciones emocionales (muy frecuentemente, por el estrés laboral), o a través de variaciones químicas y vasculares y de impulsos transmitidos al mesencéfalo desde diversos órganos, donde el estrés podría desempeñar también un papel relevante. La nutrición depende esencialmente de la alimentación; pero, a su vez, una fuente importante de estrés la constituye la forma en que nos alimentamos, porque si lo hacemos erróneamente podemos contraer enfermedades. Si nuestras células no reciben los aportes nutritivos adecuados, se produce una gran carga de estrés debida a esta demanda interna insatisfecha.Although occupational stress is a very common reality for many workers, we have to admit that some professions generate a higher level of distress as, for example, management roles, night shift working, monotonous jobs, communitarian services, heavy industry sector, mining, construction, etc. Chronic stress can disrupt behaviours (like foods habits) of those persons who suffer it. At the same time, and in a contrary manner, eating disorders can also trigger different types of stress linked pathologies. For the above mentioned reasons, it is not strange that the digestive system becomes in a target of stress' pathologies, especially associated with negative work environments. In some circumstances, there is a dissociation between the appetite, (primarily psychic sensation), and the hanger, (basically organic sensation). The appetite as a mental status can be altered substantially by many different emotional situations (like occupational stress) or throughout chemical and vascular variations as well as organic impulses transmitted to midbrain from different organs where the stress could also play a very relevant role. Nutrition depends essentially on of food habits, but at the same time, a very important source of stress is the way in which we eat, because if we do it wrongly, we can become ill. If our cells don't receive the correct nutrients a very high level of stress is produced due to this dissatisfied internal demand.

La salud mental ha sido evaluada de acuerdo con la estructura propuesta por Ware & Veit (1), que incluye una dimensión positiva (el bienestar psicológico) y otra negativa (el distress psicológico). Este estudio piloto tiene como objetivo elaborar un protocolo para tipificar lasituación de la salud mental en la población anciana de la región. De los 63 ancianos seleccionados, a los que se les realizó el Mini Mental Health Examination, 47 integran la muestra. Todos tenían 65 años o más y residen en la comunidad. La casi totalidad era independiente en sus actividades básicas cotidianas. La puntuación media obtenida por los ancianos en el Inventario de Salud Mental fue superior a la obtenida por Ribeiro (2) en una muestra de jóvenes portugueses. El protocolo de investigación ha sido el adecuado. Los resultados nos han proporcionado una primera imagen de la salud mental en los ancianos de la RAM.Mental health was assessed in accordance with the structure proposed by Ware & Veit (1) which considers psychological well-being and distress. The purpose of this pilot study, carried out in Madeira Autonomous Region (RAM), was to validate the research protocol for characterising the mental health of the Region’s older people. Sixty three elders were chosen for the Mini Mental Health Examination and 47 of these were included in the sample. All of the people were aged 65 or older and lived in the community. Nearly all of the people could carry out basic daily life activities independently. The average points score found for the Mental Health Inventory shows that the mental health index of these older people is greater than that found by Ribeiro (2) in a sample of young Portuguese people. The research protocol was shown to be suitable. The results have provided us with an initial snap-shot of the mental health of the elders in Madeira.

It is studied the psychosocial impact of Counselling Genetic Oncology (CGO) on the participants who have received the genetic test results. A sample of 59 participants that had undertaken genetic testing and received results was assessed by The Multidimensional Impact of Cancer Risk Assessment (MICRA) Questionnaire.It was studied possible differences in psychosocial impact according to: result type of, previous oncologist diagnosis, time passed from result communication and type of hereditarysyndrome. The outcomes showed that GCO does notproduce negative psychosocial impact. There were not differences by previous diagnosis,time communication and type of hereditary syndrome on MICRA. It is necessary more research for Spanish MICRA adaptation with the purpose to dispose of a specific instrument effective for psyhosocial impact study of genetic testing.

In parallel to the development of clinical cancer genetics services for women with a significant history of breast cancer, there has been a growing need to identify the psychological sequelae to risk ascertainment, predictive genetic testing and preventive breast surgery. The organisation and structure of cancer genetics clinics vary widely both nationally and across Europe, as does the level of integration of psychological care: available research shows little variation in psychosocial outcomes but cultural factors affect attitudes to and uptake of predictive testing and preventive surgery. There is general agreement that risk counselling can be beneficial without inducing or increasing psychological morbidity. Health professionals in cancer genetic counselling, testing and risk management services increasingly use clinical protocols and professional guidelines.Routine psychological support is not required for the majority of women with a family history of breast cancer, but access to psychological services should be in place for women with high distress relating to the family history or those undergoing predictive testing or preventive surgery. Genetics staff should be aware of potential adverse psychological consequences of risk assessment and risk management interventions, and be adequately trained to elicit women´s concerns and involve psychosocial colleagues where appropriate.

Segundo o National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), distress é um termo utilizado para designar sentimentos ou emoções que podem interferir com a capacidade que o doente tem para lidar com o cancro, com os seus sintomas físicos e tratamento. Desenvolveu-se esta investigação com dois objectivos principais: avaliar o distress nos doentes internados no serviço de cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço do IPO de Coimbra e identificar os factores de perturbação/problemas associados que podem contribuir para o distress sentido. Este estudo enquadra-se no domínio da investigação quantitativa de características descritivas e exploratórias. A amostra foi constituída por 32 doentes. Os instrumentos de colheita de dados utilizados foram um questionário sócio-demográfico, o termómetro de distress e o questionário de identificação de problemas associados. O nível de distress referido pelos doentes à chegada era maioritariamente “5” (moderado), e foi diminuindo ao longo do internamento, verificando-se uma predominância de um nível de “2” no momento de alta.

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic disease that acutely and progressively reduces physical functionality. The patient commonly suffers from intermittent relapses that increase the likelihood of comorbidities such as chronic insomnia, cognitive impairment, alterations in sexual response, psychological distress, symptoms of anxiety and depression disorder, and decreased self-care behaviors. The objective of this study was to identify the main needs for psychological support in patients with HF., Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out. Participants were selected through consecutive non-probability samples. 150 patients with a diagnosis of HF who attended the Specialized Center for Heart Failure at the National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez” were evaluated from November 2018 to April 2019, applying the inventories: Quality of life in patients with HF (Minnesota), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), psychological distress thermometer (visual analog scale) and the HF Patient Information Needs Inventory., Results: 33% of the patients perceive a high level of psychological distress that requires immediate assistance and 26.6% report a medium level that requires monitoring. The main information needs reported by the patients were information on taking medications (53.7%) and managing psychological distress (43.9%)., Conclusion: Active assessment of psychological distress and unmet information needs is relevant in patients with heart failure, thus highlighting the importance of their identification and the correct design and application of evidence-based interventions aimed at their resolution.

Objective: To assess the mental health status and associated factors of Peruvian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic., Methods: Descriptive, multicentre, correlational study that used the "Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)", the "Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)" and the "Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R)" questionnaires to evaluate mental health problems., Results: A total of 1,238 students from 8 Peruvian medical schools participated in the study. Of these, 68.5% were women, and the mean age was 21.4 years. Depressive symptoms were found in 74% of the participants, anxiety symptoms in 57% and distress symptoms in 65%. The variables associated with the development of symptoms of moderate-severe depression, anxiety and distress were: not having family economic stability, being in the first years of medical training, being female, and fearing that their medical training would be delayed and impaired., Conclusions: In a sample of medical students surveyed during the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health problems were common. The factors associated with mental health reported in this study could be useful in identifying vulnerable medical students who require timely psychosocial support and/or psychiatric care., (Copyright © 2021 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)