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Contemporary augmented spaces are situated in-between digital-analog, material-immaterial, online-offline, and real-virtual binaries. Relatedly, postdigital as a concept suggests that digital technologies are now integrated with almost all aspects of the individual and social atmosphere. Therefore, we should engage digitality through a critical approach by focusing on its intermingled situation. For this reason, reading augmented spaces with a postdigital perspective is essential to understanding and evaluating the potential of digital technologies in the context of the current line of vision. This paper aims to provide a better understanding of contemporary debates on digital technologies in the context of design. For this purpose, the article briefly reviews the definition of augmented space, and later postdigital as a concept is discussed with its fundamental characteristics. In what follows selected projects amongst the 2023 Media Architecture Biennale finalists are studied concerning the postdigital augmented spaces. As an outcome of this research, we suggest a conceptual framework that can be effective for the theory and practice of postdigital augmented spaces.

Introduction: Sleep quality has positive effects on children’s sleep and eating habits. In turn, improvement in sleep quality is associated with sleep hygiene training. The aim of our study was to determine the impact of sleep hygiene education on sleep and nutrition management in children aged 10–18 years. In addition, we explored the association between sleep problems and eating behaviours in participants before and after the training programme. Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study between August 25 and December 27, 2023, in children aged 10–18 years who participated in the study on a voluntary basis with the consent of their parents. We collected data from a total of 80 children aged 12–18 years. The study investigated the relationship between sleep problems and eating behaviours. We randomly allocated participants to one of two groups, the training group or the waitlist group. We assessed the association between changes in sleep problems and changes in eating behaviours in the training group. The data were collected using a sociodemographic data form, the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire, and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire. Results: In the study sample, the proportions of male and female participants (training group) were 60.0% and 40.0%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the pretest and post-test scores in the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (P

The aim of this study is to examine the spiritual intelligence levels of active soccer players according to various variables. A survey model was used in this quantitative study. The study group consisted of 517 football players actively playing football in the 1st Amateur League, Super Amateur League and Regional Amateur League. Snowball sampling, a non-probability sampling method, was used to collect the data. The first part of the measurement tool, which consists of two parts, includes questions prepared for the demographic information of the participants. The second part includes the "Spiritual Intelligence Scale" adapted into Turkish by Erduran-Tekin & Ekşi (2019). Independent sample test (T-test) and one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) were applied to the data obtained. According to the results of the data analysis, Welch values were taken into consideration depending on the homogeneity assumption of the data and Tukey test, one of the Post Hoc tests, was applied as a second level test. The total score and sub-dimensions of spiritual intelligence differ statistically according to marital status, age, occupation, economic income and practicing sports. The fact that football players tell the problems they experience to the people around them (family members), the maturity that occurs in individuals with the advancement of age, the assurance and personal rights they have in the profession, having an economic income that they can feel comfortable and doing sports increase the level of spiritual intelligence. Keywords: Active sports participation, football, spiritual intelligence, 1st amateur league, 2nd amateur league, regional amateur league.

This study investigates the advantages and disadvantages of using robot guides and the challenges that tour guides may face when integrating these robotic assistants. Qualitative research methods were employed to explore the viewpoints of tourist guides concerning robotisation in the travel and tourism industry. Semi-structured interviews, conducted via video calls on an online platform with 20 different tourist guides, were selected as the primary data collection method. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse the data. The results revealed that the tourist guides who participated in the study generally held negative views on using robots in tourist guidance. They expressed scepticism about the immediate impact of robot guides on tourist guidance. However, there was a consensus that in the long term, the introduction of robot guides might reduce the number of human tourist guides. Therefore, this study suggests a collaborative approach between robots and human tour guides could yield mutually beneficial outcomes.

Essential oils can be used as natural preservatives in the poultry meat industry. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of some essential oils on the microbial, physicochemical, and sensory properties of marinated chicken breast. For this purpose, rosemary, thyme, and clove essential oils were used at doses of 125 mg·kg-1 and 250 mg·kg-1 while marinating chicken breasts. After the marinated chicken breasts were divided into groups, they were stored in the refrigerator at 4°C. The results showed that 250 mg·kg-1 doses of essential oils, especially at 24 h, and rosemary had more inhibitory effects on some microbial (total mesophilic aerobic, total psychrophilic aerobic, and yeast–mold) parameters. However, the sensory groups with the addition of 125 mg·kg-1 were more accepted. Among these groups, the most acceptable group was the group that added 125 mg·kg-1 of thyme essential oil. The study shows that the use of thyme essential oil as an alternative to chemical preservatives may be beneficial both in extending the shelf life of marinated chicken breasts and in terms of consumer taste.

Background: Passenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS) causes immune-mediated hemolysis in solid and bone marrow transplant recipients. Donor-derived antibodies against the recipient erythrocyte drive the pathogenesis. It is a rare entity in kidney transplantation, and most of the cases are self-limited. Case presentation: A 36-year-old woman presented with fatigue 13 days after living donor renal transplantation. The operation was uneventful, and she was discharged with normal graft functions on the 11th day of transplantation Findings were consistent with cold agglutinin disease at her admission. However, the cold agglutinin test was negative. Eventually, she was diagnosed with PLS. Refractory intravascular hemolysis and frank hemoglobinuria were also present in the patient. Hemolysis was resistant to steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and Rituximab. Because of life-threatening anemia related to refractory PLS, mycophenolate and tacrolimus were interrupted. However, hemolysis persisted. Following that, immunoadsorption (IA) treatment was obtained. Unfortunately, graft loss occurred due to rejection despite the resolution of PLS after IA. Conclusion: PLS is a rare and usually self-limited entity. Our case was an atypical refractory PLS that resembled cold agglutinin disease. Also, frank hemoglobinuria was observed related to severe intravascular hemolysis. These features have not been described before in PLS, to the best of our knowledge. Additionally, IA treatment had never been reported in the literature for PLS, as far as we know. Treatment and management could be a challenge in refractory PLS. Rituximab, IVIG, and extracorporeal treatments could be beneficial. It should be borne in mind that refractory PLS can cause graft and patient loss. Resumen: Antecedentes: El síndrome de linfocitos pasajeros (PLS) causa hemólisis inmunomediada en receptores de trasplantes sólidos y de médula ósea. Los anticuerpos derivados del donante contra el eritrocito receptor impulsan la patogénesis. Es una entidad rara en el trasplante de riñón y la mayoría de los casos son autolimitados. Presentación del caso: Una mujer de 36 años presentó fatiga 13 días después del trasplante renal de donante vivo. La operación transcurrió sin incidentes y fue dada de alta con las funciones normales del injerto el día 11 del trasplante. Los hallazgos coincidían con la enfermedad por crioaglutininas en el momento de su ingreso. Sin embargo, la prueba de crioaglutininas fue negativa. Finalmente, le diagnosticaron PLS. La paciente también presentó hemólisis intravascular refractaria y hemoglobinuria franca. La hemólisis fue resistente a los esteroides, la inmunoglobulina intravenosa (IgIV) y el rituximab. Debido a la anemia potencialmente mortal relacionada con PLS refractario, se interrumpieron el micofenolato y el tacrolimus. Sin embargo, persistió la hemólisis. A continuación, se obtuvo el tratamiento de inmunoadsorción (IA). Desafortunadamente, la pérdida del injerto ocurrió debido al rechazo a pesar de la resolución de PLS después de la IA. Conclusión: El PLS es una entidad rara y generalmente autolimitada. Nuestro caso fue un PLS refractario atípico que se asemejaba a la enfermedad por crioaglutininas. Además, se observó hemoglobinuria franca relacionada con hemólisis intravascular grave. Estas características no se han descrito antes en PLS, según nuestro leal saber y entender. Además, el tratamiento IA nunca se había informado en la literatura para PLS, hasta donde sabemos. El tratamiento y el manejo podrían ser un desafío en PLS refractarios. El rituximab, la IgIV y los tratamientos extracorpóreos podrían ser beneficiosos. Debe tenerse en cuenta que los PLS refractarios pueden provocar la pérdida del injerto y del paciente.

The This study evaluates the potential human health risks associated with five heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, and Cr) in Capoeta tinca fish. It assesses the heavy metal burden in the muscle, gill, and liver tissues of C. tinca, and estimates the potential health risks for consumers by employing estimated daily intake (EDI) and standard hazard ratios (THQ) related to heavy metal consumption. Fish and water samples were taken from three different Regions as Sincan Brook (Sivas–Hafik), Habeş Brook (Sivas–Zara), and Tozanlı Brook (Sivas–Hafik), Turkey. The heavy metal concentrations in the brook water were found to be higher than the established safe for safety threshold in all the sampling points. Besides that, the values were observed to be lower than the allowed limits. Considering the fish tissues, the Pb, Cd, and Cr concentrations were found to be higher than the safe limits predicted by WHO. The findings indicate that the liver of C. tinca fish exhibited the highest accumulation of heavy metals across all sampling areas. The highest heavy metal concentrations found in fish muscles were found to be (Cu) 2.51 ± 0.91 μg·g-1, (Cr) 0.45 ± 0.03 μg·g-1, (Cd) 0.88 ± 0.04 μg·g-1, (Pb) 2.04 ± 0.03 μg·g-1, and (Zn) 13.12 ± 1.08 μg·g-1. The descending order of heavy metal accumulation in gills was found to be Zn > Cu >Pb > Cd > Cr. Moreover, for each heavy metal, the Bio–concentration factor (BCF) index, Acceptable Daily Intake, EDI, and THQ (

In this paper, the manufacturing of macro-porous tubular ceramic supports for membranes is described. The novel supports are fabricated from natural diatomite and alumina raw materials using the extrusion method. The structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mercury porosimetry techniques; the presence of possible defects was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The permeability has been measured from water flux in standard experiments. Experimental results show that the open porosity, the average pore size (APS), the pore size distribution, the strength, and the permeability of sintered supports, have been found to depend, mainly on the concentration of alumina (Al2O3) additive. Supports prepared with the addition of 10 wt.% of alumina and sintered at 1200 °C, can be considered as the most optimized; they have a porosity ratio of about 46%, an APS is around 7.7 μm, a flexural strength value of about 28 MPa, and water permeability of around 15 m3 h−1 m−2 bar−1. Such materials could be of great interest in the supports fabrication for membrane application, for instance, water filtration. Resumen: En este trabajo se describe la fabricación de soportes cerámicos tubulares macroporosos para membranas. Los nuevos soportes se fabrican a partir de materias primas de diatomita natural y alúmina mediante el método de extrusión. La estructura se analizó por medio de técnicas de difracción de rayos X (XRD) y porosimetría de mercurio; la presencia de posibles defectos se investigó mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). La permeabilidad se ha medido a partir del flujo de agua en experimentos estándar. Los resultados experimentales muestran que se ha encontrado que la porosidad abierta, el tamaño medio de poro (APS), la distribución del tamaño de poro, la resistencia y la permeabilidad de los soportes sinterizados dependen, principalmente, de la concentración de aditivo de alúmina (Al2O3). Los soportes preparados con la adición de 10% en peso de alúmina y sinterizados a 1.200 °C, pueden considerarse como los más optimizados; tienen una relación de porosidad de alrededor del 46%, un APS es de alrededor de 7,7 μm, un valor de resistencia a la flexión de alrededor de 28 MPa y una permeabilidad al agua de alrededor de 15 m3.h-1.m-2. bar-1. Dichos materiales podrían ser de gran interés en la fabricación de soportes para la aplicación de membranas, por ejemplo, filtración de agua.

Antecedentes. Los efectos inducidos por la COVID-19 en pacientes con cáncer de vejiga primario no están aclarados actualmente. Objetivo. Investigar los efectos de la pandemia en el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y el seguimiento del cáncer de vejiga primario. Método. Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo unicéntrico de todos los pacientes que se sometieron a procedimientos diagnósticos y quirúrgicos por cáncer primario de vejiga durante noviembre de 2018 y julio de 2021. Se incluyeron 275 pacientes en el estudio. Los pacientes fueron asignados a uno de dos grupos: pre-COVIDBC (antes de la pandemia) o COVIDBC (durante la pandemia). Resultados. Los pacientes con cáncer de vejiga diagnosticados durante la pandemia se encontraban en su mayoría en estadios más altos (T2) (p = 0.04), el grupo de riesgo era más alto en el cáncer de vejiga no invasivo del músculo (p = 0.02), y la recurrencia y las puntuaciones de progresión aumentaron (p = 0.001) en comparación con antes del período pandémico. Además, el tiempo hasta la cirugía desde el diagnóstico (p = 0.001) y la duración de los síntomas (p = 0.04) aumentaron considerablemente durante la pandemia, y la tasa de seguimiento disminuyó significativamente (p = 0.03). Conclusiones. Destaca el aumento significativo del cáncer de vejiga invasivo del músculo y del cáncer de vejiga no invasivo del músculo de muy alto riesgo durante la pandemia.

Antecedentes. El efecto de los adhesivos tisulares sobre los injertos coronarios en cirugía cardíaca es un tema controvertido. Objetivo. Investigar el efecto del pegamento de fibrina aplicado alrededor de los injertos de vena safena para prevenir el daño celular resultante del aumento de la presión intraluminal. Método. En este estudio ex vivo fueron incluidos 20 pacientes voluntarios. Los injertos de vena safena que quedaron después del injerto de derivación de la arteria coronaria se conectaron a la línea arterial del circuito de derivación cardiopulmonar. Los injertos se dividieron en dos segmentos y a uno de ellos se le aplicó pegamento de fibrina perivascular, mientras que la otra parte se usó sola. Los injertos de vena safena se mantuvieron en circulación a una presión de 120 mmHg y una velocidad de flujo de 250 ml/min durante 60 minutos. Los tejidos se enviaron para examen histopatológico para determinar el daño endotelial. Resultados. El daño endotelial fue más pronunciado en el grupo de control que en el grupo de pegamento de fibrina. Se observó lesión de tipo 2 en siete muestras del grupo de pegamento de fibrina y lesión de tipo 3 en dos muestras del grupo de control. Conclusiones. La aplicación perivascular de pegamento de fibrina en los injertos de vena safena mostró un efecto protector contra el daño endotelial resultante del aumento de la presión intraluminal.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ground or steam-flaked corn and zinc-enriched yeast addition to grower pellet feed on fattening performance, rumen papillae development, and some blood parameters in lambs. For this purpose, thirty-six Kivircik male lambs were selected and divided equally into six groups: basal diet containing pellet feed without different corn form and yeast (control), basal diet 80% + ground corn 20% (PGC), basal diet 80% + steam-flaked corn 20% (PFC), PGC + Zn-enriched yeast (PGCZnY), PFC + Zn-enriched yeast (PFCZnY), and control + Zn-enriched yeast (PZnY). They were fed for 56 days according to the diets mentioned above. At the conclusion of the evaluations in fattening performance, rumen papillae development, and some blood parameters, there were no significant differences in body weight gain, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed efficiency among the experimental groups. In the PGCZnY group, rumen papillae length was found to be higher than the other experimental groups. At the end of the trial (day 0), leukocyte and lymphocyte counts decreased significantly only in the control group compared with the other groups in the present study. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) values, analyzed at the beginning and at the end of the trial, increased significantly in all groups except in the PGCZnY group. Supplementation of Zinc-enriched yeast to ground corn can be used for increasing ruminal papilla length, however decreasing the serum BUN levels in lambs during the fattening period.

The purpose of this study is to reveal the energy usage and greenhouse gas emission in lavender production. The study has been conducted in 2022 in Center district of Kırklareli province in Turkey and covers the 2021-2022 production seasons. Agricultural inputs and outputs were calculated to calculate the energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in lavender production. According to the research results, the inputs are 5883.39 MJ ha-1 (59.30%) farmyard manure energy, 2425.51 MJ ha-1 (24.45%) diesel fuel energy, 732.02 MJ ha-1 (7.38%) chemical fertilizers energy, 421.89 MJ ha-1 (4.25%) machinery energy, 276.70 MJ ha-1 (2.79%) human labour energy, 97.31 MJ ha-1 (0.98%) transportation energy and 84.81 MJ ha-1 (0.85%), vermicompost energy, respectively. Total input and output energy were calculated as 9921.63 MJ ha-1 and 12859.77 MJ ha-1, respectively. Energy use efficiency (EUE), specific energy (SE), energy productivity (EP) and net energy (NE) were calculated as 1.30, 2.86 MJ kg-1, 0.35 kg MJ-1 and 2938.13 MJ ha-1, respectively. The total energy input can be classified as 27.24% direct, 72.76% indirect, 62.94% renewable and 37.06% non-renewable. GHG ratio value was calculated as 0.08 kg CO2-eqkg-1 in lavender production.

Antecedentes: los aneurismas arteriales de las extremidades superiores no son condiciones clínicas frecuentes. Puede causar gangrena isquémica o pérdida de extremidades como resultado de eventos tromboembólicos por daño endotelial. En este estudio, nuestro objetivo fue investigar la etiología, el tratamiento y el resultado a largo plazo. Métodos: Se investigaron retrospectivamente un total de 55 aneurismas de las extremidades superiores sometidos a reparación quirúrgica entre enero de 2009 y abril de 2018. La edad media fue de 41 ± 13 años, y las mujeres y los hombres tenían 13 (23.6%) y 42 (76,4%). El seguimiento medio fue de 43 ± 18 meses. Resultado: La incidencia de pseudoaneurisma fue mayor que el aneurisma verdadero (64.5% frente a 35.5%) y fue causado por un traumatismo iatrogénico. 30 (84%) de los pseudoaneurismas reparados con cualquier injerto, 6 (16%) pacientes requirieron plastia con parche. 58% del aneurisma verdadero causado por traumatismo cerrado. 4 (21%) pacientes con aneurisma braquial verdadero requirieron intervención de emergencia debido a isquemia distal. 16 (84,2%) pacientes fueron sometidos a operación de reparación de aneurisma mediante injerto de vena safena. La permeabilidad primaria y secundaria fue del 87.5% y 93.8%. No se produjeron pérdidas de miembros ni de la vida durante el seguimiento. Conclusión: Los pseudoaneurismas son más comunes entre los aneurismas de miembros superiores y ocurren principalmente por causas iatrogénicas. El traumatismo cerrado es la principal causa del verdadero aneurisma. La resección quirúrgica del aneurisma y la interposición con injerto de vena safena proporciona excelentes resultados a largo plazo.

This pictorial illustrates the methodological tools for articulating the felt experience of chronic pain used for designing somaesthetic interactions. To do this, it presents the design process of a case study named Squeaky/Pain, a soma extension aiming to augment somaesthetic awareness of the pain involved in the appreciation of both pleasant and disturbing feelings and sensations. The soma extension is an interactive wearable that facilitates a sound-motion interaction to mimic the wearer’s pain experience, from agony to relief. The case study focuses on a less explored aspect of somaesthetic interactions which is the mediation of disturbing experiences for sensory awareness. Through the soma extension that mediates disturbing experiences, the study aims to improve people’s somatic knowledge and their lives as a result. The design process of Squeaky/Pain requires detailed accounts of lived bodily experiences to create somaesthetic interactions. To access a detailed articulation of felt experiences, various tools are employed to articulate the first- and second-person pain experience for design use. These are different types of body maps, video analysis, material and form explorations, journals, in-depth interviews and self-interviews. The ideation and the testing phases have proven that such tools complement one another to access the versatile aspects of felt experiences. In this pictorial, we demonstrate ways in which visual, verbal and written tools can be applied to reveal implicit bodily experiences to inform somaesthetic interaction design.

Shear walls are one of the envelopes of light-frame wooden buildings where thermal insulation is most required. The thermal performance of shear walls can vary according to the type, properties and thickness of the wood and insulation materials used in their production. In this study, it was aimed to compare the thermal performances of plywood shear walls produced with different thermal insulation materials. For this aim, the archetype walls with properties similar to commonly used plywood shear walls were designed and produced for each thermal insulation material type and wood specie. The shear wall groups were formed by using Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), black pine (Pinus nigra) and spruce (Picea orientalis) as wood species and cellulose, flax, felt, XPS, EPS, sheep’s, rock and glass wool as thermal insulation materials. Thermal conductivity of the shear wall groups was determined according to the ASTM C518-04 standard. Thermal resistance and other thermal performance parameters were calculated using the thermal conductivity values. As a result of the study, rock wool was the best thermal insulation material among the Scots pine shear wall groups while glass wool was the best thermal insulation material among the black pine and spruce shear wall groups. The shear walls produced with EPS foam boards indicated the worst thermal performance among all groups

Through an exemplary design case study, we look at how mediating bodily disturbances and cultivating perspective transition from first-to second-person perspective amplifies somaesthetic awareness. The paper focuses on the less explored aspect of soma design, which is the mediation of disturbing experiences that disrupt the everyday flow i.e., pain. The design process illustrated a transition between first- and second-person perspectives to cultivate and externalize the experience with pain as a wearable bodily interaction. The externalized pain experience was translated into an interactive wearable, ‘Squeaky/Pain’, that augments the wearer’s somaesthetic awareness via sound, tactile, and kinesthetic sensations. This paper makes two main contributions to soma design: introducing the implications of disturbing experiences for augmenting somaesthetic awareness and exemplifying how inner bodily disturbances can be materialized through the cultivation of first-and second-person perspectives.

Objetivos: Los objetivos principales del estudio fueron evaluar la eficacia de las pruebas de detección de carótidas para identificar la estenosis asintomática de la arteria carótida en pacientes de alto riesgo y la prevención temprana del accidente cerebrovascular. Antecedentes: La prevalencia estimada de estenosis carotídea grave asintomática (≥70%) en la población adulta general varía hasta el 3,1%. Sin embargo, la prevalencia es mayor en individuos comórbidos. Esto hace que sea importante realizar pruebas de detección para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento tempranos en pacientes predeterminados de alto riesgo. Material y métodos: En este estudio prospectivo, 3000 pacientes seleccionados fueron evaluados durante marzo de 2017 y septiembre de 2018 en el centro de salud familiar más poblado. Participantes seleccionados entre individuos registrados que tienen al menos uno de los factores de riesgo como hipertensión, hiperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, obesidad y tabaquismo. Todos los participantes estaban asintomáticos y tenían más de 55 años. Cribado bilateral de la arteria carótida realizado por ecografía dúplex (DUSG) en la primera llamada y un año después. Pacientes con estenosis severa de carótidas y/o arterias coronarias tratados mediante revascularización quirúrgica o implantación de stents a la luz de las últimas guías. Conclusión: El cribado carotídeo en individuos asintomáticos de alto riesgo es de gran importancia para identificar la estenosis grave de la arteria carótida y la arteria coronaria. La educación del paciente durante el cribado puede desempeñar un papel fundamental en la prevención de la enfermedad.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the significance of time to re-staging transurethral resection (re-TUR) on recurrence and progression rates in patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer as a prospective randomized study. Methods: The patients were randomly separated into three groups according to Re-TUR timing. In Groups 1, 2, and 3, the time interval between initial and re-TUR was 14-28 days, 29-42 days, and 43-56 days, respectively. Cox regression analysis was used to assess the effect of time from initial TUR to re-TUR on oncological outcomes. Results: Twenty patients in Group 1 (14-28 days), 22 patients in Group 2 (29-42 days), and 29 patients in Group 3 (43-56 days) completed the study. Kaplan–Meier plots showed no differences in recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates between the three groups. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that only tumor number was found to be a prognostic factor on RFS rates. Conclusion: Our prospective study demonstrated that time laps from initial TUR to re-TUR did not significantly affect on RFS and PFS rates.

Foreign body embolies that origin arterial system have mostly seen symptomatic and that’s why they require emergency surgery. However, asymptomatic cases are followed conservatively, they can cause vascular-related end-organ pathologies as time passes. Foreign body migration from the ascending aorta to the end-organ artery is a very rare in literature after a fire gun injury. In symptomatic cases, emergency surgery should be planned immediately. In asymptomatic cases, the risks and benefits should first be considered before any surgical approach.

La aterosclerosis es una patología sistémica que afecta a todo el sistema vascular. El tabaquismo, la hiperlipidemia, la diabetes mellitus, la edad avanzada y la hipertensión son factores de riesgo conocidos para el desarrollo de aterosclerosis. El tratamiento quirúrgico en la enfermedad arterial periférica ha sido reemplazado por opciones de tratamiento endovascular en los últimos años debido a la mortalidad y la morbilidad. En nuestro estudio, nuestro objetivo fue presentar la efectividad de la aterectomía, el balón liberador de fármacos y la terapia combinada con valores determinados por espectroscopía de infrarrojo cercano en pacientes con enfermedad arterial periférica aterosclerótica. Material y métodos: Los pacientes con claudicación intermitente o isquemia crítica de la pierna (Rutherford clase 3 o más) han sido vistos en el estudio. Hubo 30 pacientes masculinos y 9 femeninos. Los pacientes fueron seguidos antes, en la primera hora después y en el tercer mes después del procedimiento, con un índice simultáneo de presión tobillo-brazo (ABI), mediciones de la distancia a pie y medición de la oxigenación de los tejidos mediante el método de espectroscopía de infrarrojo cercano (NIR). Resultado: cuando los pacientes con mediciones similares de ABI postoperatorio se evaluaron con NIR, se observó una mayor oxigenación venosa en los pacientes que usaron métodos de tratamiento combinados con aterectomía. Según estos resultados, pensamos que los métodos de tratamiento combinados con aterectomía han aumentado la mirocirculación y la circulación colateral más que otros métodos.

This study investigated the physical properties of hot-cold oil-treated Brutia pine sapwood (Pinus brutia) and its biological resistance against wood-decay fungi. Weight percent gain, density, water absorption, and volumetric shrinking were chosen as the physical properties of the wood. White rot (Trametes versicolor) and brown rot (Neolentinus lepideus) were selected as the wood-decay fungi. Two different temperatures and two different time intervals were determined for the hot-cold oil treatment. Castor oil (Ricinus communis), flaxseed oil (Oleum linii), and a mixture of the two were used as the treatment oils (the medium of the hot-cold treatment). The results showed that the physical properties of the hot-cold oil-treated samples improved significantly compared to those of the control samples. In addition, after exposure to the decay fungi, the mass loss of the hot-cold flaxseed oil-treated samples decreased significantly more than in either the untreated samples or those treated with the other oils. There was a significant increase in the water repellent effectiveness and dimensional stability of the Brutia pine sapwood with all hot-cold oil treatments, but the hot-cold castor oil treatment appeared to have had no effect on decay resistance. A hot-cold oil treatment using flaxseed oil or a mixture including it could be a suitable method for improvement of the water repellent effectiveness, dimensional stability, and decay resistance of Brutia pine sapwood, as they both reduced the water uptake and the mass loss against the wood-decay fungi compared to the results of the control samples.

The granting to Syrian refugees in Turkey of the right to access formal work was a first step towards their economic integration but a number of challenges remain. With support from the international community, the Turkish government is taking action to overcome some of these.

This study investigated the effects of different fire retardant chemicals on surface and thermal properties of veneer sheets. Beech (Fagus orientalis), alder (Alnus glutinosa), poplar (Populus deltoides) and scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) were chosen as wood species and zinc borate, borax, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate were chosen as fire retardant chemicals. The samples were impregnated by using the immersion method. Some surface properties such as colour measurements and surface roughness of the veneer sheets were conducted according to CIE L*a*b* system, DIN 4768 standard, respectively. Some thermal properties such as thermal conductivity of the veneer sheets were conducted according to ASTM C 518 & ISO 8301 and weight loss after combustion was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). According to the results from the study, it was found that fire retardant chemicals increased the thermal conductivity and surface roughness of veneer sheets. Also, TGA experiments showed that all of the fire retardant chemicals decreased the loss in weights.

Size and shape data of agricultural crops provide great sources for food processing technologies. The physical attributes of different fruits should be known for the design, developing and innovation of food technologies. In this study, the size and shape distinctions of fifteen national and international walnut cultivars (Midland, Sütyemez-1, Serr, Maraş-18, Maraş-12, Sütyemez-2, Kaman-1, Kaman-5, Pedro, Howard, Chandler, Şebin, Şen-2, Bilecik and KR-1) were determined using elliptic Fourier and multivariate approaches. Firstly, the gravitational features of walnut cultivars were determined, and their dimensional, area and shape attributes were revealed by image processing. Cluster analysis was used to designate the walnut cultivars. Elliptic Fourier descriptors obtained from walnut outlines provided the comparisons among walnut cultivars in shape. The shape index indicated that Serr, Sütyemez-2, Midland and Şen-2 cultivars were oval-shaped, and the others were spherical. The cluster analysis divided the walnut cultivars into four subgroups. Elliptic Fourier descriptors perfectly distinguished the walnut cultivars according to shape.

OBJECTIVE: Central blockage provided by spinal anaesthesia enables realization of many surgical procedures, whereas hemodynamic and respiratory changes influence systemic oxygen delivery leading to the potential development of series of problems such as cerebral ischemia, myocardial infarction and acute renal failure. This study was intended to detect potentially adverse effects of hemodynamic and respiratory changes on systemic oxygen delivery using cerebral oxymetric methods in patients who underwent spinal anaesthesia. METHODS: Twenty-five ASA I-II Group patients aged 65-80 years scheduled for unilateral inguinal hernia repair under spinal anaesthesia were included in the study. Following standard monitorization baseline cerebral oxygen levels were measured using cerebral oximetric methods. Standardized Mini Mental Test (SMMT) was applied before and after the operation so as to determine the level of cognitive functioning of the cases. Using a standard technique and equal amounts of a local anaesthetic drug (15 mg bupivacaine 5%) intratechal blockade was performed. Mean blood pressure (MBP), maximum heart rate (MHR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and cerebral oxygen levels (rSO2) were preoperatively monitored for 60 min. Pre- and postoperative haemoglobin levels were measured. The variations in data obtained and their correlations with the cerebral oxygen levels were investigated. RESULTS: Significant changes in pre- and postoperative measurements of haemoglobin levels and SMMT scores and intraoperative SpO2 levels were not observed. However, significant variations were observed in intraoperative MBP, MHR and rSO2 levels. Besides, a correlation between variations in rSO2, MBP and MHR was determined. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of the data obtained in the study demonstrated that post-spinal decline in blood pressure and also heart rate decreases systemic oxygen delivery and adversely effects cerebral oxygen levels. However, this downward change did not result in deterioration of cognitive functioning.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress and metabolic activities of nurses working day and night shifts. Intensive care unit (ICU) (n=70) and ordinary service (OS) nurses (n=70) were enrolled in the study. Just before and the end of the shifts, blood samples were obtained to measure the participants' oxidative stress parameters. Metabolic activities were analyzed using the SenseWear Armband. Oxidative stress parameters were increased at the end of the shifts for all OS and ICU nurses compared to the beginning of the shifts. Compared to the OS nurses, the ICU nurses' TAS, TOS, and OSI levels were not significantly different at the end of the day and night shifts. The metabolic activities of the OS and ICU nurses were found to be similar. As a result, the OS and ICU nurses' oxidative stress parameters and metabolic activities were not different, and all of the nurses experienced similar effects from both the day and night shifts.Se objetivó evaluar estrés oxidativo y actividades metabólicas de enfermeras en turnos diurnos y nocturnos. Participaron enfermeras de Unidad de Terapia Intensiva (UTI, n=70) y del servicio común (SC, n=70). Se obtuvieron muestras sanguíneas al inicio y al final de los turnos para medir parámetros de estrés oxidativo. Las actividades metabólicas también fueron analizadas utilizando brazaletes SenseWear. Los parámetros de estrés oxidativo aumentaron hacia el final de los turnos de todas las enfermeras SC y UTI, comparados con la medida de inicio. Los niveles de TAS, TOS y OSI no eran significativamente diferentes entre enfermeras SC y UTI al cierre de los turnos diurnos y nocturnos. Las actividades metabólicas de enfermeras SC y UTI se mostraron similares. Consecuentemente, los parámetros de estrés oxidativo y las actividades metabólicas de enfermeras SC y UTI no resultaron diferentes, y todas las enfermeras sufren efectos semejantes en sus turnos, tanto diurnos como nocturnos.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estresse oxidativo e as atividades metabólicas das enfermeiras em turnos diurnos e noturnos. Enfermeiras da Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo (UTI) (n=70) e do serviço comum (SC) (n=70) participaram do estudo. Logo no início e ao final dos turnos, amostras de sangue foram obtidas para medir parâmetros de estresse oxidativo. Atividades metabólicas também foram analisadas com o uso da braçadeira SenseWear. Parâmetros de estresse oxidativo aumentaram no fim dos turnos de todas as enfermeiras SC e UTI quando comparados ao início dos turnos. Comparados às enfermeiras SC, os níveis de TAS, TOS e OSI das enfermeiras de UTI não eram significativamente diferentes no final dos turnos diurnos e noturnos. Além disso, as atividades metabólicas das enfermeiras de SC e UTI se revelaram como sendo similares. Assim, os parâmetros de estresse oxidativo e as atividades metabólicas das enfermeiras SC e UTI não eram diferentes, e todas as enfermeiras sofrem efeitos semelhantes dos turnos, tanto no dia quanto na noite.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O nosso objetivo foi investigar o efeito da "sedação multifásica" em crianças submetidas à Tomografia Computadorizada (TC) ou Ressonância Magnética (RM), em seus pais e nos anestesiologistas responsáveis. "Sedação multifásica" foi definida como "o nível de sedação pretendido obtido com um ou mais agentes através da mesma via ou vias diferentes com mais de uma administração". MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Cem crianças e seus respectivos pais foram randomicamente designados para um dos dois grupos de estudo. Na fase 1, os pacientes do Grupo I receberam midazolam (0,5 mg.kg-1) em 5 mL de suco de frutas e os pacientes do Grupo II (grupo controle) receberam apenas suco de frutas. Na fase 2, após a canulação intravenosa (iv), bolus de propofol foi administrado para alcançar a sedação adequada para realização do exame de imagem. Os escores de ansiedade das crianças e de seus pais foram registrados usando a escala de Oucher e o IDATE, respectivamente, e a satisfação dos pais foi avaliada pela escala analógica visual (EAV). O número de tentativas para canulação iv, tempo de preparação e quantidade de hipnóticos foram registrados. RESULTADOS: O estado de ansiedade das crianças foi semelhante entre os grupos antes da pré-medicação, porém mais tarde esse nível foi menor no Grupo I. Antes do procedimento, o escore dos pais no IDATE foi semelhante, mas depois foi menor no Grupo I. A satisfação dos pais no Grupo I foi maior que no Grupo II. O número de tentativas de canulação iv e a dose necessária de propofol foi menor no Grupo I. CONCLUSÃO: O procedimento de "sedação multifásica" diminui a dor e a ansiedade das crianças e a ansiedade dos pais, aumentando a sua satisfação. Ele fornece uma sedação confortável e segura, pois possui um processo de preparação curto e sem problemas também para o anestesiologista responsável.

The term 'organically grown food' denotes products that have been produced in accordance with the principles and practices of organic agriculture. The use of alternatives to synthetic fertilizers is an important issue in organic systems. A two-year field experiment to evaluate effects of organic fertilizers on the yield and quality of open field grown tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was carried out in Southern Turkey in 2000 and 2001. Combinations of manure, blood flour and micronutrient preparations were used for fertilization, and conventional mineral fertilization was included as the control. Yield did not differ between the fertilization and the Conventional treatments in the first year of the study, but the highest yield was obtained from conventional in the second year. No differences were found between treatments in terms of fruit soluble sugar content or citric acid. The application of organic fertilizers positively affected the micronutritional element content of tomato fruits compared to the conventional treatment. Organic fertilization results in improved yield and fruit quality compared to conventional fertilization. In addition, organic fertilization should be supported in order to facilitate reuse and disposal of organic wastes and to maintain and/or increase soil fertility.O termo "alimentos cultivados organicamente" denota produtos que tenham sido produzidos em conformidade com os princípios e práticas da agricultura orgânica. O uso de alternativas para fertilizantes sintéticos é uma questão importante em sistemas orgânicos. Um experimento de campo foi conduzido no sul da Turquia em 2000 e 2001 para avaliar os efeitos da adubação orgânica na produtividade e na qualidade de tomates (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), cultivados em campo aberto. Combinações de esterco, farinha de sangue e preparações de micronutrientes foram utilizados para a fertilização, e adubações minerais convencionais foram incluídas como controle. A produção não diferiu entre a fertilização e os tratamentos convencionais no primeiro ano do estudo, porém uma maior produtividade foi obtida a partir do sistema convencional, no segundo ano. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os tratamentos em termos de teor de açúcares solúveis ou ácido cítrico em frutos. A aplicação de fertilizantes orgânicos afetou positivamente o conteúdo dos elementos micronutritionais dos frutos do tomateiro em relação ao tratamento convencional. A adubação orgânica resultou em maior produtividade e qualidade dos frutos, quando comparada à adubação convencional, e deve ser apoiada, a fim de facilitar a reutilização e eliminação de resíduos orgânicos bem como para manter e/ou aumentar a fertilidade do solo.

Abstract Anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs are frequently preferred in the treatment of rheumatologic diseases and other inflammatory diseases. The development of myositis after using anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs is a rare clinical condition. Here we aimed to report cases who developed myositis after using anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs and review the current literature. We report two cases of rheumatoid arthritis and a case of ankylosing spondylitis developed idiopathic inflammatory myopathy following anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy. In conclusion, myositis could develop during anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy, so these patients should be evaluated carefully initially for myositis and should be closely monitored due to the potential for developing myositis in treatment process.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress and metabolic activities of nurses working day and night shifts. Intensive care unit (ICU) (n=70) and ordinary service (OS) nurses (n=70) were enrolled in the study. Just before and the end of the shifts, blood samples were obtained to measure the participants' oxidative stress parameters. Metabolic activities were analyzed using the SenseWear Armband. Oxidative stress parameters were increased at the end of the shifts for all OS and ICU nurses compared to the beginning of the shifts. Compared to the OS nurses, the ICU nurses' TAS, TOS, and OSI levels were not significantly different at the end of the day and night shifts. The metabolic activities of the OS and ICU nurses were found to be similar. As a result, the OS and ICU nurses' oxidative stress parameters and metabolic activities were not different, and all of the nurses experienced similar effects from both the day and night shifts.