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Introduction. Neonatal sepsis is often suspected in hospitalized newborn infants, but only in 25-30% of cases it is confirmed via a positive culture. Selecting the antibiotics based on local epidemiology favors their rational use and minimizes their side effects. Primary objective. To describe the prevalence of early- and late-onset sepsis with microorganism isolation and their clinical characteristics. Population and method. Retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted between 01-01-2013 and 12-31-2017 in a public maternity center of Argentina in all hospitalized newborn infants with a diagnosis of early- and late-onset sepsis with microorganism isolation, and those re-admitted in their first month of life. Results. A total of 3322 newborn infants were admitted; 1296 were assessed for suspected early- onset sepsis; 25 had a positive culture (1.9%; rate: 0.86‰). Of these, 52% were born before 33 weeks of gestation. Microorganisms: Escherichia coli 5, Listeria monocytogenes 4, Streptococcus agalactiae (SGB) 3, Streptococcus pneumoniae 3. Also, 68% of late-onset sepsis cases (rate: 8.73‰) occurred in infants born before 33 weeks of gestation. Hospital-acquired microorganisms: coagulase-negative Staphylococcus 115, Staphylococcus aureus 47, Escherichia coli 30, Candida spp. 16, Enterococcus faecalis 13, Klebsiella pneumoniae 11, and Streptococcus agalactiae 10. In re-admissions: E. coli 11, S. aureus 12, SGB 3, and Haemophilus influenzae 3. Conclusions. During the study period, the frequency of early-onset sepsis was similar to international reports, with a predominance of E. coli and L. monocytogenes. The rate of late-onset sepsis showed a downward trend in the analyzed years, with a predominance of Gram-positive cocci., (Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría.)

Introduction. The degree of Dornic acidity (DA) is an indirect measure of milk contamination and quality. In freshly expressed milk, DA ranges between 1.0 and 4.0 (optimal). If DA is > 8.0 °D, it should be discarded. The correlation between DA in raw breast milk from internal donors (ID) and external donors (ED) based on storage time until pasteurization was assessed. Population and method. Retrospective, analytical study. Results. In 13 203 samples, DA was lower in IDs as of 14 days of storage: 2.92 (95% CI: 2.69-3.15) versus 4.01 (95% CI: 3.94-4.08), with a higher proportion of DA ≤ 4 °D (88% in IDs versus 76% in EDs); odds ratio: 2.30 (95% CI: 1.25-4.24). Conclusion. DA as of 14 days of storage was lower in IDs, with a higher prevalence of DA ≤ 4 °D. No correlation was observed between storage time and DA in ID samples., (Sociedad Argentina de Pediatria.)

Introduction: International publications estimate a 7 %-17 % latex sensitization (LS) prevalence among health care workers, but values in Argentina are unknown., Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of latex sensitization and allergy among residents of a children's hospital using the immediate-reading prick test and to assess associated risk factors in this population., Population and Methods: Cross-sectional study. Residents, trainers, and Chief residents of the Departments of Pediatrics, Orthopedics, Surgery and Intensive Care were included between June and October 2017. All of them were administered a questionnaire (assessing atopic diseases and other risk factors) and underwent the immediatereading prick test. Total and latex-specific immunoglobulin E levels were determined in a subgroup of individuals (first- and fourth-year residents, surgical specialties, and intensive care)., Results: A total of 113 participants were included. LS prevalence was 7.96 % (95 % confidence interval: 3.70-14.58); 4 participants were allergic to latex. A history of latex-related symptoms (LRS) was significantly associated with a positive result in the immediate-reading prick test (p = 0.0196; odds ratio: 6.13; 95 % confidence interval: 1.44-26.04). There was no association between LS and the year of the residency program., Conclusions: The observed LS prevalence was 7.9 %. There was a significant relation between a history of LRS and a positive result in the immediate-reading prick test., Competing Interests: None, (Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría.)

Introduction: Neonatal mortality is the most important component of infant mortality. Analyzing neonatal mortality is complex and does not depend exclusively on the health system. In Buenos Aires City (CABA), between2000 and 2012, neonatal mortality rate was lower than the national mean rate but no changes were recorded. Besides, the difference is narrowing: in 2000, it was 46% lower but in 2012, it was 21% lower., Objective: To assess the relationship among the place of maternal residence, the use of a health system subsector, and mortality rate among newborn infants younger than 28 days old in CABA., Methods: Cross-sectional, population-based study conducted in 2011 and 2012 using data from the Office of Vital Records and the Department of Statistics and Surveys of CABA., Results: A total of 164 837 births were recorded. The ratio of births in public and private facilities has remained stable; the private subsector accounts for 57% ofbirths. The ratiobetweenbothsubsectors was also similar in terms of gender, birthweight, and average gestational age. Neonatal mortalitywas higher among mothers who lived outside CABA (6.55%o versus 5.42%, odds ratio: 1.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.07-1.37, p 0.0039). Among mothers living in CABA, neonatal mortality was higher in the public health subsector (7.8% versus 4.4%, odds ratio: 1.77, 95% confidence interval: 1.48-2.11, p < 0.001)., Conclusion: Unlike any other district in Argentina, CABA has a very high rate of births and deaths from other jurisdictions, especially from Greater Buenos Aires, which is not reflected in official statistics that only consider the place of parental residence., (Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría.)

Introduction: There is little information regarding research during internship and residency. Our objective is to describe interns' and residents' scientific research output, to estimate the rate of dissemination of their work (presentation in a scientific meeting and/or publication), and to identify potential barriers to dissemination., Methods: Cross-sectional study that included all articles developed at the Resident Research Training Program of Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde (HGNPE) between 1997 and 2012., Results: Authors of451/531 articles were contacted. The annual output underwent a steady increase (1997= 12 vs. 2012= 40; R2= 0.88; p < 0.001).When exclusively considering research projects (no reviews) (n= 195), 30.8% were disseminated (26.7% were presented in meetings and 11.3% were published). Retrospective studies were more frequently disseminated than prospective ones (37.5% vs. 21.7%; OR: 2.17; p < 0.02), and this also occurs with analytical projects when compared to descriptive ones (41.2% vs. 16%; OR: 3,67; p < 0.001). Lack of time was the most common reason for not disseminating research findings (45.9%)., Conclusion: Only 30.8% of research projects were disseminated. Studies with retrospective data collection and analytical design had more chances of being disseminated.