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Objective. It has been reported that breastfeeding for 6 and 12 months reduced 20% and 27% of the risk of childhood leukemia, respectively. We present the results of a case–control study about breastfeeding and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-cell ALL) risk in a Mexican pediatric population. Patients and methods. We conducted a case–control study, and a 20-question survey was applied to the patient’s parents. A patient was considered to have been nursed if they received at least 1 month of breastfeeding. For the control group, patients who attended our hospital’s Healthy Child Care Clinic were consecutively selected. Results. The absence of breastfeeding was associated with an odds ratios (OR) of 2.7 for the further development of B-cell ALL. For the subsequent presence of malignancy, the group with 0-1 month of lactation showed an OR of 3.1 compared to the group with more than 6 months of breastfeeding. Conclusions. In the present study, the absence of breastfeeding in our population was associated with an increased risk for the further development of B-cell ALL. Furthermore, it was found that a lower risk for later development of B-cell ALL in their offspring was associated with a lower maternal age.

Objective: Human immune recognition of self and foreign is partially controlled by a set of genes in the human leukocyte antigen complex (HLA). HLA is the most polymorphic region in the human genome, and it is used to assure compatibility between donor and recipient for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. There are six “classical” HLA genes encoding highly polymorphic loci: HLA-A, B, and C (Class I major histocompatibility complex), and HLA DR, DQ, and DP (Class II). This study aims to quantify the frequency of HLA A, B, C, DRB1, and DQB1 alleles taken in a transplant center in the northeastern part of Mexico. Methods: Descriptive and retrospective data of HLA typing by polymerase chain reactions-SSP for class I and II HLA in our Institution were analyzed. Tests for HLA-A, B, C, DRB1, and DQB1 were performed in 1614 patients. The number of haplotypes found was 726. Results: The most common combinations were A*02, B*35, C*04, DRB1*08, and DQB1*04, which were observed 38 times (5.2%). Conclusion: The most frequent HLA alleles were HLA-A2 and HLA-DQ 03, respectively, with a frequency of 0.2961 and 0.2758.